Android(安卓)as Bluetooth Low Energy Peripheral (GATT server).

I demonstrate how to write a simple BLE peripheral application in Android here. I am bad in Android development, The UI would be very ugly, but the code work:

Currently(5/25/2015), the code could be running in Nexus 6 or Nexus 9 only based on my test. The other phones or tablets DO NOT support to be a BLE peripheral. So, if you really interested in the issue of Android as BLE Peripheral , please open your wallet or swipe your card, to buy a GOOGLE official device , thank you.

To add a characteristic as notification is little bit complicated, In here I just add read and write characteristics.
About the notification, I put code in the last part of this post.

You should add

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

The 2 lines in your AndroidManifest.xml, like this :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    package="com.gaiger.simplebleperipheral"    android:versionCode="1"    android:versionName="1.0" >    <uses-sdk        android:minSdkVersion="21"        android:targetSdkVersion="21" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />        <application        android:allowBackup="true"        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"        android:label="@string/app_name"        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >        <activity            android:name=".MainActivity"            android:label="@string/app_name" >            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />            </intent-filter>        </activity>    </application></manifest>

The kernal code are below , note the AdvertiseCallback is callback of BluetoothLeAdvertiser ::startAdvertising, and BluetoothGattServerCallback is callback function of ALL BluetoothGattCharacteristic.

BLEPeripheral.java: (that is what you want)

package com.gaiger.simplebleperipheral;import java.util.List;import java.util.UUID;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattServer;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattServerCallback;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;import android.bluetooth.le.AdvertiseCallback;import android.bluetooth.le.AdvertiseData;import android.bluetooth.le.AdvertiseSettings;import android.bluetooth.le.BluetoothLeAdvertiser;import android.content.Context;import android.content.pm.PackageManager;import android.os.Handler;import android.util.Log;public class BLEPeripheral{ public interface ConnectionCallback {     void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int newState); }  BluetoothManager mManager; BluetoothAdapter mAdapter;  BluetoothLeAdvertiser  mLeAdvertiser;  AdvertiseSettings.Builder settingBuilder; AdvertiseData.Builder advBuilder;          BluetoothGattServer  mGattServer;    ConnectionCallback mConnectionCallback;  public interface WriteCallback {     void onWrite(byte[] data); } WriteCallback mWriteCallback;  public static boolean isEnableBluetooth(){  return BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().isEnabled(); }  public int init(Context context){    if(null == mManager)  {   mManager = (BluetoothManager)context.getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);     if(null == mManager)    return -1;     if(false == context.getPackageManager().     hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE))    return -2;            }          if(null == mAdapter)  {   mAdapter = mManager.getAdapter();     if(false == mAdapter.isMultipleAdvertisementSupported())    return -3;   }    if(null == settingBuilder)  {   settingBuilder = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder();   settingBuilder.setAdvertiseMode(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY);   settingBuilder.setConnectable(true);      settingBuilder.setTxPowerLevel(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH);    }     if(null == advBuilder)  {   advBuilder = new AdvertiseData.Builder();                                            mAdapter.setName("SimplePeripheral");           advBuilder.setIncludeDeviceName(true);  }            if(null == mGattServer)        {         mGattServer = mManager.openGattServer(context, mGattServerCallback);                 if(null == mGattServer)          return -4;                      addDeviceInfoService();                      }          return 0; }  public void setConnectionCallback(ConnectionCallback callback) {  mConnectionCallback = callback; }  public void close() {  if(null != mLeAdvertiser)   stopAdvertise();    if(null != mGattServer)   mGattServer.close();  mGattServer = null;    if(null != advBuilder)   advBuilder = null;    if(null != settingBuilder)        settingBuilder = null;    if(null != mAdapter)        mAdapter = null;    if(null != mManager)        mManager = null;    }  public static String getAddress(){return BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().getAddress();}  private AdvertiseCallback mAdvCallback = new AdvertiseCallback() {    @Override  public void onStartFailure(int errorCode){   Log.d("advertise","onStartFailure");  }    @Override  public void onStartSuccess(AdvertiseSettings settingsInEffect){   Log.d("advertise","onStartSuccess");  }; };   private final BluetoothGattServerCallback mGattServerCallback    = new BluetoothGattServerCallback(){     @Override        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int status, int newState){   Log.d("GattServer", "Our gatt server connection state changed, new state ");         Log.d("GattServer", Integer.toString(newState));                                 if(null != mConnectionCallback && BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS == status)          mConnectionCallback.onConnectionStateChange(device, newState);                      super.onConnectionStateChange(device, status, newState);        }     @Override        public void onServiceAdded(int status, BluetoothGattService service) {            Log.d("GattServer", "Our gatt server service was added.");            super.onServiceAdded(status, service);        }        @Override        public void onCharacteristicReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {            Log.d("GattServer", "Our gatt characteristic was read.");            super.onCharacteristicReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, characteristic);            mGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset,               characteristic.getValue());        }        @Override        public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {            Log.d("GattServer", "We have received a write request for one of our hosted characteristics");            //Log.d("GattServer", "data = "+ value.toString());             super.onCharacteristicWriteRequest(device, requestId, characteristic, preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value);                        if(null != mWriteCallback)             mWriteCallback.onWrite(value);                    }        @Override        public void onNotificationSent(BluetoothDevice device, int status)        {         Log.d("GattServer", "onNotificationSent");                   super.onNotificationSent(device, status);                          }                @Override        public void onDescriptorReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor) {            Log.d("GattServer", "Our gatt server descriptor was read.");            super.onDescriptorReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, descriptor);                    }        @Override        public void onDescriptorWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {            Log.d("GattServer", "Our gatt server descriptor was written.");            super.onDescriptorWriteRequest(device, requestId, descriptor, preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value);        }        @Override        public void onExecuteWrite(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, boolean execute) {            Log.d("GattServer", "Our gatt server on execute write.");            super.onExecuteWrite(device, requestId, execute);        }    };  private void addDeviceInfoService() {    if(null == mGattServer)   return;      final String SERVICE_DEVICE_INFORMATION = "0000180a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";        final String SOFTWARE_REVISION_STRING = "00002A28-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";                  BluetoothGattService previousService =           mGattServer.getService( UUID.fromString(SERVICE_DEVICE_INFORMATION));                      if(null != previousService)                 mGattServer.removeService(previousService);                      BluetoothGattCharacteristic softwareVerCharacteristic = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(          UUID.fromString(SOFTWARE_REVISION_STRING),           BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ,          BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_READ          );                BluetoothGattService deviceInfoService = new BluetoothGattService(          UUID.fromString(SERVICE_DEVICE_INFORMATION),           BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);                        softwareVerCharacteristic.setValue(new String("0.0.0").getBytes());                deviceInfoService.addCharacteristic(softwareVerCharacteristic);        mGattServer.addService(deviceInfoService); }     public void setService(String read1Data, String read2Data, WriteCallback   writeCallBack) {             if(null == mGattServer)   return ;    stopAdvertise();          final String  SERVICE_A = "0000fff0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";        final String  CHAR_READ1 = "0000fff1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";        final String  CHAR_READ2 = "0000fff2-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";        final String  CHAR_WRITE = "0000fff3-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";               final String  CHAR_NOTIFY = "0000fff4-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";                                       BluetoothGattService previousService =          mGattServer.getService( UUID.fromString(SERVICE_A));                     if(null != previousService)                 mGattServer.removeService(previousService);                                       BluetoothGattCharacteristic read1Characteristic = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(          UUID.fromString(CHAR_READ1),           BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ,          BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_READ          );                                 BluetoothGattCharacteristic read2Characteristic = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(          UUID.fromString(CHAR_READ2),           BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ,          BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_READ          );                        BluetoothGattCharacteristic writeCharacteristic = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(             UUID.fromString(CHAR_WRITE),              BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE,             BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE             );                                                             read1Characteristic.setValue(read1Data.getBytes());        read2Characteristic.setValue(read2Data.getBytes());        mWriteCallback = writeCallBack;                       BluetoothGattService AService = new BluetoothGattService(          UUID.fromString(SERVICE_A),           BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);                                         AService.addCharacteristic(read1Characteristic);        AService.addCharacteristic(read2Characteristic);        AService.addCharacteristic(writeCharacteristic);                         final BluetoothGattCharacteristic notifyCharacteristic = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(             UUID.fromString(CHAR_NOTIFY),              BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY,             BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_READ             );                           notifyCharacteristic.setValue(new String("0"));        AService.addCharacteristic(notifyCharacteristic);                  final Handler handler = new Handler();                Thread thread = new Thread() {         int i = 0;                              @Override            public void run() {                                                while(true) {                                             try {       sleep(1500);      } catch (InterruptedException e) {}                                                handler.post(this);                                                List<BluetoothDevice> connectedDevices                          = mManager.getConnectedDevices(BluetoothProfile.GATT);                                                if(null != connectedDevices)                        {                         notifyCharacteristic.setValue(String.valueOf(i).getBytes());                                                                          if(0 != connectedDevices.size())                          mGattServer.notifyCharacteristicChanged(connectedDevices.get(0),                            notifyCharacteristic, false);                        }                                               i++;                    }                           }        };        thread.start();                           mGattServer.addService(AService); }    public void startAdvertise(String scanRespenseName) {    mAdapter.setName(scanRespenseName);                advBuilder.setIncludeDeviceName(true);                startAdvertise(); }  public void startAdvertise() {  if(null == mAdapter)   return;    if (null == mLeAdvertiser)    mLeAdvertiser = mAdapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser();          if(null == mLeAdvertiser)   return;                              mLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(settingBuilder.build(),            advBuilder.build(), mAdvCallback);          }  public void stopAdvertise() {  if(null != mLeAdvertiser)   mLeAdvertiser.stopAdvertising(mAdvCallback);    mLeAdvertiser = null;   }  }

There is a callback interface WriteCallback to hold tthe data which the BLE has written.

MainActivity.java : (UI part)

package com.gaiger.simplebleperipheral;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import android.app.Activity;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.view.Menu;import android.view.MenuItem;import android.view.MotionEvent;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.CheckBox;import android.widget.TextView;import android.widget.Toast;public class MainActivity extends Activity { private BLEPeripheral blePeri;  private CheckBox  adverstiseCheckBox;     @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);                adverstiseCheckBox = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.advertise_checkBox);                blePeri = new BLEPeripheral();                                        adverstiseCheckBox.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                          if(true == adverstiseCheckBox.isChecked())             {                                        TextView textView;              textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.status_textView);              textView.setText("advertising");                                          blePeri.setService(new String("GAIGER"),                new String("AndroidBLE"),                mWrittenCallback                );                                blePeri.startAdvertise();             }             else             {              TextView textView;              textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.status_text);              textView.setText("disable");              blePeri.stopAdvertise();                           }            }        });                adverstiseCheckBox.setEnabled(false);             if(false == BLEPeripheral.isEnableBluetooth())     {            Intent intentBtEnabled = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);             // The REQUEST_ENABLE_BT constant passed to startActivityForResult() is a locally defined integer (which must be greater than 0), that the system passes back to you in your onActivityResult()             // implementation as the requestCode parameter.             int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1;            startActivityForResult(intentBtEnabled, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);                        Toast.makeText(this, "Please enable bluetooth and execute the application agagin.",     Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();     }                   }        byte[]  writtenByte;    BLEPeripheral.WriteCallback mWrittenCallback = new BLEPeripheral.WriteCallback()    {      @Override  public              void onWrite(byte[] data)      {       writtenByte = data.clone();             Thread timer = new Thread(){              public void run() {                                    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {                   @Override                   public void run() {                     TextView textView;                     textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.written_textView);                  try {          textView.setText(new String(writtenByte, "UTF-8"));         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {          // TODO Auto-generated catch block          e.printStackTrace();         }                   }                      });              }                        };                    timer.start();                      }                         };                Runnable mCleanTextRunnable = new Runnable() {        public void run() {         TextView textView;       textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.connected_textView);       textView.setText("no connection");                     }    };        Handler mConnectTextHandler = new Handler() {                  @Override                          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {              super.handleMessage(msg);            String data = (String)msg.obj;                                      switch (msg.what) {                        case 0:             data += new String(" disconnected");             this.postDelayed(mCleanTextRunnable, 3000);             break;                         case 2:              data += new String(" connected");                                                                          break;                              default:                  break;              }                        TextView textView;      textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.connected_textView);      textView.setText(data);                      }        };             @Override    public void onResume(){             super.onResume();                               int sts;        sts = blePeri.init(this);       //        blePeri.mConnectionCallback = new BLEPeripheral.ConnectionCallback (){//         @Override//      public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int newState){//       Log.d("main","onConnectionStateChange");//      }//        };//               blePeri.setConnectionCallback( new BLEPeripheral.ConnectionCallback (){             @Override          public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int newState){                                                                   Message msg = new Message();                                msg.what = newState;                                    msg.obj = new String( device.getName() +" "+ device.getAddress() );                            mConnectTextHandler.sendMessage(msg);                                                 }            }                    );                                 if(0  > sts)     {      if(-1 == sts)       Toast.makeText(this, "this device is without bluetooth module",         Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();            if(-2 == sts)       Toast.makeText(this, "this device do not support Bluetooth low energy",          Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();            if(-3 == sts)       Toast.makeText(this, "this device do not support to be a BLE peripheral, " +         "please buy nexus 6 or 9 then try again",          Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();            finish();     }                   TextView textView;     textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.mac_textView);          textView.setText(BLEPeripheral.getAddress());               adverstiseCheckBox.setEnabled(true);                               }                @Override    protected void onStop() {        super.onStop();          }                @Override    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);        return true;    }        @Override    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.        int id = item.getItemId();        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {            return true;        }        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);    }}

activity_main.xml: (layout, very ugly)

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    tools:context="com.awind.presentsenseperipheral.MainActivity" >    <TextView        android:id="@+id/mac_textView"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_alignTop="@+id/status_text"        android:layout_marginLeft="18dp"        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/status_text"        android:text="00:11:22:AA:BB:CC"        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" />    <CheckBox        android:id="@+id/advertise_checkBox"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"        android:layout_below="@+id/mac_text"        android:layout_marginLeft="34dp"        android:layout_marginTop="41dp"        android:text="Advertise" />    <TextView        android:id="@+id/status_textView"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/advertise_checkBox"        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"        android:layout_marginTop="124dp"        android:text="Disable"        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />    <TextView        android:id="@+id/connected_textView"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/mac_text"        android:layout_centerVertical="true"        android:text="no connection"        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" />    <TextView        android:id="@+id/written_textView"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/mac_text"        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"        android:text="WrittenText"        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" /></RelativeLayout>

I do not like to write too much explanation in here, One said: if you could implement, you understand it; if you could not, you know about nothing of it .

Notice the part of notifyCharacteristic ,I create a thread, which updates value and send a signal to BluetoothGattServer, to inform the BLE central the value has changed.

There is a bug in written text update: once WriteCallback::onWrite been called, the runOnUiThread for updating R.id.written_textView should be executed once. But in my code, the update would not work. That is very minior for the purpose of demonstration BLE on Android, So, please ignore it.

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