android中做网络请求的几种方式
在android中经常进行网络请求
目前了解的大概有三种
java.net包中的HttpURLConnection类
android的网络请求在4.0后都要求放在子线程中进行
实例
第二种是目前的主流方式
转载自http://blog.csdn.net/u014201191/article/details/49943707
HTTP请求
当然在所有请求中最常用的还是GET与POST两种请求,创建请求的方式如下:
HttpUriRequest request = newHttpPost("http://localhost/index.html");
HttpUriRequest request = newHttpGet(“http://127.0.0.1:8080/index.html”);
HTTP请求格式告诉我们,有两种方式可以为request提供参数:request-line方式与request-body方式。
Ø request-line方式是指在请求行上通过URI直接提供参数。
(1)可以在生成request对象时提供带参数的URI,如:
HttpUriRequest request = newHttpGet("http://localhost/index.html?param1=value1¶m2=value2");
(2)HttpClient程序包还提供了URIUtils工具类,可以通过它生成带参数的URI,如:
URI uri =URIUtils.createURI("http", "localhost", -1,"/index.html",
"param1=value1¶m2=value2", null);
HttpUriRequest request = newHttpGet(uri);
System.out.println(request.getURI());
上例的实例结果如下:
http://localhost/index.html?param1=value1¶m2=value2
(3)需要注意的是,如果参数中含有中文,需将参数进行URLEncoding处理,如:
String param ="param1=" + URLEncoder.encode("中国", "UTF-8") +"¶m2=value2";
URI uri =URIUtils.createURI("http", "localhost", 8080,"/sshsky/index.html",param, null);
System.out.println(uri);
上例的实例结果如下:
http://localhost/index.html?param1=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD¶m2=value2
(4)对于参数的URLEncoding处理,HttpClient程序包为我们准备了另一个工具类:URLEncodedUtils。通过它,我们可以直观的(但是比较复杂)生成URI,如:
- List params = newArrayList();
- params.add(newBasicNameValuePair("param1", "中国"));
- params.add(newBasicNameValuePair("param2", "value2"));
- String param =URLEncodedUtils.format(params, "UTF-8");
- URI uri =URIUtils.createURI("http", "localhost", 8080,"/sshsky/index.html",param, null);
- System.out.println(uri);
-
上例的实例结果如下:
http://localhost/index.html?param1=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD¶m2=value2
Ø request-body方式是指在请求的request-body中提供参数
与 request-line方式不同,request-body方式是在request-body中提供参数,此方式只能用于进行POST请求。在HttpClient程序包中有两个类可以完成此项工作,它们分别是UrlEncodedFormEntity类与MultipartEntity类。这 两个类均实现了HttpEntity接口。
(1)UrlEncodedFormEntity类,故名思意该类主要用于form表单提交。通过该类创建的对象可以模拟传统的HTML表单传送POST请求中的参数。如下面的表单:
[html] view plaincopyprint?- <formactionformaction="http://localhost/index.html" method="POST">
- <inputtypeinputtype="text" name="param1" value="中国"/>
- <inputtypeinputtype="text" name="param2" value="value2"/>
- <inupttypeinupttype="submit" value="submit"/>
- form>
即可以通过下面的代码实现:
[java] view plaincopyprint?- List formParams = newArrayList();
- formParams.add(newBasicNameValuePair("param1", "中国"));
- formParams.add(newBasicNameValuePair("param2", "value2"));
- HttpEntity entity = newUrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, "UTF-8");
- HttpPost request = newHttpPost(“http://localhost/index.html”);
- request.setEntity(entity);
当然,如果想查看HTTP数据格式,可以通过HttpEntity对象的各种方法取得。如:
[java] view plaincopyprint?- List formParams = newArrayList();
- formParams.add(newBasicNameValuePair("param1", "中国"));
- formParams.add(newBasicNameValuePair("param2", "value2"));
- UrlEncodedFormEntity entity =new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, "UTF-8");
- System.out.println(entity.getContentType());
- System.out.println(entity.getContentLength());
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.getContentCharSet(entity));
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
上例的实例结果如下:
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
39
UTF-8
param1=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD¶m2=value2
(2)除了传统的application/x-www-form-urlencoded表单,还有另一个经常用到的是上传文件用的表单,这种表单的类型为 multipart/form-data。在HttpClient程序扩展包(HttpMime)中专门有一个类与之对应,那就是MultipartEntity类。此类同样实现了HttpEntity接口。如下面的表单:
[html] view plaincopyprint?- <formactionformaction="http://localhost/index.html" method="POST"
- enctype="multipart/form-data">
- <inputtypeinputtype="text" name="param1" value="中国"/>
- <inputtypeinputtype="text" name="param2" value="value2"/>
- <inputtypeinputtype="file" name="param3"/>
- <inupttypeinupttype="submit" value="submit"/>
- form>
可以用下面的代码实现:
[java] view plaincopyprint?- MultipartEntity entity = newMultipartEntity();
- entity.addPart("param1",new StringBody("中国", Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
- entity.addPart("param2",new StringBody("value2", Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
- entity.addPart("param3",new FileBody(new File("C:\\1.txt")));
- HttpPost request = newHttpPost(“http://localhost/index.html”);
- request.setEntity(entity);
我们可以在上传文件或者模拟表单提交的时候,使用下列更多的方式,同样也满足流的处理
[html] view plain copy print ?- /*方法一*/
- InputStreamBody inputStreamBody = new InputStreamBody(file, fileName);
- MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity();
- //注意file是在后台中接受的参数File file
- entity.addPart("file", inputStreamBody);
- entity.addPart("name", new StringBody("value", Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
- httpPost.setEntity(entity);
- /* 方法二
- * 跟方法一不同的就是 inputStreamBody 中可以接受的流参数
- */
- InputStream in = new FileInputStream(new File("c:\\file.txt"));
- InputStreamBody inputStreamBody = new InputStreamBody(in,
- "fileName");
- MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity();
- entity.addPart("file", inputStreamBody);
- httpPost.setEntity(entity);
- /*方法三
- * 使用表单FormBodyPart来模拟体检file
- */
- ContentBody contentBody = new FileBody(new File("c:\\file.txt"));
- FormBodyPart formBodyPart = new FormBodyPart("file", contentBody);
- formBodyPart.addField("name", "value");
- MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity();
- entity.addPart(formBodyPart);
- httpPost.setEntity(entity);
- /*方法四
- * 将流转为二进制,进行传输
- */
- FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(new File(""));
- byte[] b = new byte[1024];
- in.read(b);
- ByteArrayBody byteArrayBody = new ByteArrayBody(b, "android.jpg");
- MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity();
- entity.addPart("file", byteArrayBody);
- entity.addPart("name", new StringBody("value", Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
实例和步骤:
try {ArrayList
BasicNameValuePair nameValuePair = new BasicNameValuePair("username",userName);
BasicNameValuePair nameValuePair1 = new BasicNameValuePair("pwd",password);
arrayList.add(nameValuePair);
arrayList.add(nameValuePair1);
//使用HttpClient请求服务器将用户密码发送服务器验证
String url = "http://192.168.36.77:8567/itheima74/servlet/LoginServlet";
//1、创建一个httpClient对象
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
//2、创建一个请求
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
//设置要发送的集合
//创建一个Entity
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(arrayList,"utf-8");
//设置请求时的内容
post.setEntity(entity);
//3、执行http请求
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
//4.获取请求的状态码
if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){
HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
InputStream in = responseEntity.getContent();
//5.判断状态码后获取内容
//获取实体内容,中封装的有http请求返回的流信息
////将流信息转换成字符串
String result = StreamUtils.streamToString(in);
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what=2;
msg.obj = result;
handler.sendMessage(msg);
}
第三种方式:开源项目 (asyncHttpClient)
这是一个开源项目别人早封装好了,,只有调用就好。
get方式:
public static void requestNetForGetLogin(final Context context,final Handler handler ,final String username, final String password) {
//使用HttpClient请求服务器将用户密码发送服务器验证
try{
String path = "http://192.168.13.83:8080/alleged/servlet/LoginServlet?username="+URLEncoder.encode(username,"utf-8")+"&pwd="+URLEncoder.encode(password,"utf-8");
//创建一个AsyncHttpClient对象
AsyncHttpClient asyncHttpClient = new AsyncHttpClient();
asyncHttpClient.get(path, new AsyncHttpResponseHandler() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] responseBody) {
//statusCode:状态码 headers:头信息 responseBody:返回的内容,返回的实体
//判断状态码
if(statusCode == 200){
//获取结果
try {
String result = new String(responseBody,"utf-8");
Toast.makeText(context, result, 0).show();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int statusCode, Header[] headers,
byte[] responseBody, Throwable error) {
System.out.println("...............onFailure");
}
});
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
post方式:
String path = "http://192.168.13.83:8080/alleged/servlet/LoginServlet";
AsyncHttpClient asyncHttpClient = new AsyncHttpClient();
RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
params.put("username", username);
params.put("pwd", password);
//url: parmas:请求时携带的参数信息 responseHandler:是一个匿名内部类接受成功过失败
asyncHttpClient.post(path, params, new AsyncHttpResponseHandler() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] responseBody) {
//statusCode:状态码 headers:头信息 responseBody:返回的内容,返回的实体
//判断状态码
if(statusCode == 200){
//获取结果
try {
String result = new String(responseBody,"utf-8");
Toast.makeText(context, result, 0).show();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int statusCode, Header[] headers,
byte[] responseBody, Throwable error) {
}
});
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