android工具详解

首先让我们看看android命令的详细参数及用法：

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root@ithouge-OptiPlex-780:~# android --help Usage: android [global options] action [action options] Global options: -h --help : Help on a specificcommand. -v--verbose : Verbose mode, shows errors, warnings and all messages. --clear-cache: Clear the SDK Manager repository manifest cache. -s --silent : Silent mode, shows errors only. Valid actions are composed of a verb and an optional direct object: - sdk : Displays the SDK Manager window. - avd : Displays the AVD Manager window. - list : Lists existing targets or virtual devices. - list avd : Lists existing Android Virtual Devices. - list target : Lists existing targets. - list sdk : Lists remote SDK repository. - create avd : Creates a new Android Virtual Device. - move avd : Moves or renames an Android Virtual Device. - delete avd : Deletes an Android Virtual Device. - update avd : Updates an Android Virtual Device to match the folders of a new SDK. - create project : Creates a new Android project. - update project : Updates an Android project (must already have an AndroidManifest.xml). - createtest-project : Creates a new Android projectforatestpackage. - updatetest-project : Updates the Android projectforatestpackage (must already have an AndroidManifest.xml). - create lib-project : Creates a new Android library project. - update lib-project : Updates an Android library project (must already have an AndroidManifest.xml). - update adb : Updates adb to support the USB devices declaredinthe SDK add-ons. - update sdk : Updates the SDK by suggesting new platforms toinstall ifavailable. - create identity : Creates an identityfile.

android可执行程序是一个重要的工具：
(1):创建，删除以及查看虚拟设备。
(2):创建，更新Android工程
(3):更新SDK新的平台库，附件组建以及文件。
当然如果你使用的是Eclipse，并且集成了ADT，那么你可以不必直接使用这个执行程序。

//列出所有可用的系统镜像

root@ithouge-OptiPlex-780:~# android list targets Available Android targets: ---------- id: 1 or"android-8" Name: Android 2.2 Type: Platform API level: 8 Revision: 3 Skins: WQVGA432, HVGA, WQVGA400, QVGA, WVGA854, WVGA800 (default) ABIs : armeabi ---------- id: 2 or"Google Inc.:Google APIs:8" Name: Google APIs Type: Add-On Vendor: Google Inc. Revision: 2 Description: Android + Google APIs Based on Android 2.2 (API level <img src=" http://www.ithouge.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_cool.gif"alt="8)"class="wp-smiley"> Libraries: * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar) APIforGoogle Maps Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default), QVGA ABIs : armeabi ---------- id: 3 or"KYOCERA Corporation:DTS Add-On:8" Name: DTS Add-On Type: Add-On Vendor: KYOCERA Corporation Revision: 1 Description: DTS Add-On Based on Android 2.2 (API level <img src=" http://www.ithouge.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_cool.gif"alt="8)"class="wp-smiley"> Libraries: * com.kyocera.dualscreen (dualscreen.jar) Dual Screen optional platform library Skins: DTS400 (default), WVGA854, WQVGA400, HVGA, DTS800, WQVGA432, WVGA800, QVGA ABIs : armeabi ---------- id: 4 or"LGE:Real3D Add-On:8" Name: Real3D Add-On Type: Add-On Vendor: LGE Revision: 1 Description: Real3D add-on Based on Android 2.2 (API level <img src=" http://www.ithouge.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_cool.gif"alt="8)"class="wp-smiley"> Libraries: * com.lge.real3d (real3d.jar) Real3D library Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, Optimus3D (default), HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800, QVGA ABIs : armeabi ---------- id: 5 or"Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.:GALAXY Tab Addon:8" Name: GALAXY Tab Addon Type: Add-On Vendor: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Revision: 1 Based on Android 2.2 (API level <img src=" http://www.ithouge.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_cool.gif"alt="8)"class="wp-smiley"> Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, GALAXY Tab (default), HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800, QVGA ABIs : armeabi ---------- id: 6 or"android-9" Name: Android 2.3.1 Type: Platform API level: 9 Revision: 2 Skins: WQVGA432, HVGA, WQVGA400, QVGA, WVGA854, WVGA800 (default) ABIs : armeabi ---------- id: 7 or"Google Inc.:Google APIs:9" Name: Google APIs Type: Add-On Vendor: Google Inc. Revision: 2 Description: Android + Google APIs Based on Android 2.3.1 (API level 9) Libraries: * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar) APIforGoogle Maps Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default), QVGA ABIs : armeabi ---------- id: 8 or"android-10" Name: Android 2.3.3 Type: Platform API level: 10 Revision: 2 Skins: WQVGA432, HVGA, WQVGA400, QVGA, WVGA854, WVGA800 (default) ABIs : armeabi ---------- id: 9 or"Google Inc.:Google APIs:10" Name: Google APIs Type: Add-On Vendor: Google Inc. Revision: 2 Description: Android + Google APIs Based on Android 2.3.3 (API level 10) Libraries: * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar) APIforUSB Accessories * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar) APIforGoogle Maps Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default), QVGA ABIs : armeabi

1:通过命令行管理虚拟设备

以下是创建AVD的一般格式，通过设置参数可以指定avd名称，系统镜像。还可以设置其他的选项，例如：SD卡待大小，模拟器皮肤以及数据存储位置。

1 2	android create avd -n -t [- <option> ] ... </option>

参数-n指定模拟器的名称，-t指定系统镜像ID

如果你选择的系统镜像是标准的（不含附件组建），那么android工具会询问你是否要设置自定义的硬件配置。如果需要自定义,则输入相应的值，否则直接按回车键，选择默认。
备注：如果你选择创建的模拟器包含有附加组建，android工具则不会询问设置自定义的硬件参数，它会假定附件已经设置好了特定的参数，所以防止再次重置参数。

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root@ithouge-OptiPlex-780:~# android create avd -n platform4.1 -t 20 Auto-selecting single ABI armeabi-v7a Android 4.1 is a basic Android platform. Do you wish to create a custom hardware profile [no]yes Name of the AVD being run: avd.name []:4.1 Name of the AVD being run: avd.name []: Cache partition support: Whether we use a/cachepartition on the device. disk.cachePartition [yes]:yes Cache partition: Cache partition to use on the device. Ignoredifdisk.cachePartition is not'yes'. disk.cachePartition.path []:/tmp/4.1 Cache partition: Cache partition to use on the device. Ignoredifdisk.cachePartition is not'yes'. disk.cachePartition.path []: Cache partition size: disk.cachePartition.size [66MB]: Initial data partition: If not empty, its content will be copied to the disk.dataPartition.pathfileat boot-time. disk.dataPartition.initPath []: Path to data partitionfile: Path to data partitionfile. Cannot be empty. Special value means using a temporaryfile. If disk.dataPartition.initPath is not empty, its content will be copied to the disk.dataPartition.pathfileat boot-time. disk.dataPartition.path []: Ideal size of data partition: disk.dataPartition.size [0]: Path to the ramdisk image: Path to the ramdisk image. disk.ramdisk.path []: Path to snapshot storage: Path to a'snapshot storage'file, where all snapshots are stored. disk.snapStorage.path []: Initial system partition image: disk.systemPartition.initPath []: Path to runtime system partition image: disk.systemPartition.path []: Ideal size of system partition: disk.systemPartition.size [0]: Accelerometer: Whether there is an accelerometerinthe device. hw.accelerometer [yes]: Audio recording support: Whether the device can record audio hw.audioInput [yes]: Audio playback support: Whether the device can play audio hw.audioOutput [yes]: Battery support: Whether the device can run on a battery. hw.battery [yes]: Configures camera facing back: Must be'emulated'fora fake camera,'webcam'fora web camera, or'none'ifback camera is disabled. hw.camera.back [emulated]: Configures camera facing front: Must be'emulated'fora fake camera,'webcam'fora web camera, or'none'iffront camera is disabled. hw.camera.front [none]: CPU Architecture: The CPU Architecture to emulator hw.cpu.arch [arm]: CPU model: The CPU model (QEMU-specific string) hw.cpu.model []: DPad support: Whether the device has DPad keys hw.dPad [yes]: GPS support: Whether there is a GPSinthe device. hw.gps [yes]: GPU emulation: Enable/Disableemulated OpenGLES GPU hw.gpu.enabled [no]: GSM modem support: Whether there is a GSM modeminthe device. hw.gsmModem [yes]: Keyboard support: Whether the device has a QWERTY keyboard. hw.keyboard [no]: Keyboard charmap name: Name of the system keyboard charmapfile. hw.keyboard.charmap [qwerty2]: Keyboard lid support: Whether the QWERTY keyboard can be opened/closed. hw.keyboard.lid [yes]: LCD backlight: Enable/DisableLCD backlight simulation,yes-enabled,no-disabled. hw.lcd.backlight [yes]: Abstracted LCD density: A value used to roughly describe the density of the LCDscreenforautomatic resource/assetselection. hw.lcd.density [160]: LCD color depth: Color bit depth of emulated framebuffer. hw.lcd.depth [16]: LCD pixel height: hw.lcd.height [640]: LCD pixel width: hw.lcd.width [320]: Hardware Back/Homekeys: Whether there are hardware back/homekeys on the device. hw.mainKeys [yes]: Deviceramsize: The amount of physical RAM on the device,inmegabytes. hw.ramSize [0]: Touchscreentype: Definestypeof thescreen. hw.screen[touch]: SD Card support: Whether the device supports insertion/removalof virtual SD Cards. hw.sdCard [yes]: SD Card image path: hw.sdCard.path []: Magnetic field support: Provides magnetic field senosr values. hw.sensors.magnetic_field [yes]: Orientation support: Provides orientation sensor values. hw.sensors.orientation [yes]: Proximity support: Whether there is an proximityinthe device. hw.sensors.proximity [yes]: Temperature support: Provides temperatore sensor values. hw.sensors.temperature [yes]: Track-ball support: Whether there is a trackball on the device. hw.trackBall [yes]: kernel boot parameters string.: kernel.parameters []: Path to the kernel image: Path to the kernel image. kernel.path []: Max VM application heap size: The maximum heap size a Dalvik application might allocate before being killed by the system. Value isinmegabytes. vm.heapSize [0]: Created AVD'platform4.1'based on Android 4.1, ARM (armeabi-v7a) processor, with the following hardware config: hw.lcd.density=240 disk.cachePartition=yes vm.heapSize=48 hw.ramSize=512

当你创建好一个模拟器之后，android工具会为其在你电脑上创建一个专有的目录,这个目录里面包含有AVD的配置文件，数据镜像，SD卡镜像以及其他和这个虚拟设备有关的文件。这个目录里面并没有包含有系统镜像，但是在AVD配置文件中有系统镜像的路径。
同时android工具会为当前AVD创建一个名为<AVD_name>.ini的文件在.android/avd/ 根目录下。这个文件指明了AVD的目录。
默认情况下，android工具创建AVD目录在~/.android/avd/ (on Linux/Mac), C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\.android\ on Windows XP, and C:\Users\<user>\.android\ on Windows 7 and Vista。如果你想要自定义AVD的存储目录，可以指定参数-p <path>,在创建该AVD的时候。

1	android create avd -n my_android1.5 -t 2 -p path/to/my/avd

除了上面设置一些AVD基本的参数外，为了测试的需要，建议自定义AVD的分辨率和密度。
在我们测试应用程序的时候，我们应该在不同的AVD或真机上测试，应用不同的屏幕配置(不同屏幕大小与密度的混合)。另外，我们应该设定AVD的物理大小尽可能的接近真机。

1：设定AVD的皮肤

1	android create avd -n -t --skin WVGA800

选项–skin后面可以是Android事前定义好的皮肤类型，也或则我们可以自定义皮肤，例如：240×432

2：设定AVD的密度

设定这个参数，我们只需在创建AVD的时候，选择自定义AVD参数，在被问及设定屏幕虚拟密度的时候(hw.lcd.density)输入理想中的值，例如：”120″表示低密度的屏幕，”160″表示中等密度的屏幕，”240″表示高密度的屏幕。

//删除AVD

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root@ithouge-OptiPlex-780:~# android delete avd -n 4.1GoogleAPIS Deletingfile/root/.android/avd/4.1GoogleAPIS.ini Deleting folder/root/.android/avd/4.1GoogleAPIS.avd AVD'4.1GoogleAPIS'deleted.

//更新或移动AVD

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android move avd -n [- <option> ] ... android update avd -n [-</option> <option> ] ... </option>

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