android 对话框（Dialog）使用
16lz
2021-12-04
android 对话框（Dialog）使用
参考：
对话框：https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/dialogs.html
使用 AlertDialog 类进行对话框的基本功能创建：
AlertDialog：https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/AlertDialog.html
通过扩展 DialogFragment 可以自定义更多的功能：
DialogFragment：https://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/v4/app/DialogFragment.html
实现功能：
- 基本对话框（标题，图标，内容和选择按钮）；
setCanceledOnTouchOutside和setCancelable的使用方法；- 扩展
DialogFragment； - 添加列表（传统单选列表，永久性单选列表（单选按钮），永久性多选列表（复选框））；
- 自定义布局
- 将事件传递回对话框的宿主（通过接口）；
onDismiss()和onCancel()的使用方法
基本对话框（标题，图标，内容和选择按钮）
实现代码：
package com.example.dialogtest.one;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.Toast;import com.example.dialogtest.R;public class OneActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_one); final Context context = this; AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); builder.setTitle("zj") .setIcon(android.R.drawable.sym_def_app_icon) .setMessage("Hello World") .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(context, "positive", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }) .setNeutralButton("中性", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(context, "netural", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }) .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(context, "negative", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); AlertDialog dialog = builder.create(); dialog.show(); }}注1：这里设置了3个类型的按钮（肯定，中性，否定），每种类型按钮只能添加一个
注2：输入的 Context 为当前 activity，否则会出错
setCanceledOnTouchOutside 和 setCancelable 的使用方法
对话框出现之后，点击其他位置，对话框就会消失。有两种方法可以避免这种情况
参考：
Android4.0的Alertdialog对话框，设置点击其他位置不消失
第一个是设置函数 setCanceledOnTouchOutside 为 false
/** * Sets whether this dialog is canceled when touched outside the window's * bounds. If setting to true, the dialog is set to be cancelable if not * already set. * * @param cancel Whether the dialog should be canceled when touched outside * the window. */public void setCanceledOnTouchOutside(boolean cancel) { if (cancel && !mCancelable) { mCancelable = true; } mWindow.setCloseOnTouchOutside(cancel);}实现代码：
...AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);dialog.show();此时，点击屏幕其他位置，对话框将不会消失，但点击返回键仍可以取消对话框。如果想要取消返回键功能，可以设置函数 setCancelable 为 false
/** * Sets whether this dialog is cancelable with the * {@link KeyEvent#KEYCODE_BACK BACK} key. */public void setCancelable(boolean flag) { mCancelable = flag;}实现代码：
...AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();dialog.setCancelable(false);dialog.show();扩展 DialogFragment
使用 DialogFragment 管理对话框可确保它能正确处理生命周期事件，如用户按“返回”按钮或旋转屏幕时。 此外，DialogFragment 类还允许您将对话框的 UI 作为嵌入式组件在较大 UI 中重复使用，就像传统 Fragment 一样（例如，当您想让对话框 UI 在大屏幕和小屏幕上具有不同外观时）。
在 OnCreateDialog 回调方法中创建 AlertDialog
新建 CustomDialogFragment.java:
package com.example.dialogtest.two;import android.app.Dialog;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.widget.Toast;/** * Created by Lenovo on 2017/2/26. */public class CustomDialogFragment extends DialogFragment { @NonNull @Override public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState); final Context context = getActivity(); AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); builder.setTitle("zj") .setIcon(android.R.drawable.sym_def_app_icon) .setMessage("Hello World") .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(context, "positive", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }) .setNeutralButton("中性", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(context, "netural", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }) .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(context, "negative", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); return builder.create(); }}然后就可以在 activity 中使用这个 fragment：
package com.example.dialogtest.two;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import com.example.dialogtest.R;public class TwoActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_two); CustomDialogFragment dialogFragment = new CustomDialogFragment(); dialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "tag"); }}函数 show 有两个参数，第一个传入 FragmentManager，第二个传入一个字符串作为标记
添加列表（传统单选列表，永久性单选列表（单选按钮），永久性多选列表（复选框））
设置传统单选列表
新建 ThreeDialogFragment.java:
package com.example.dialogtest.three;import android.app.Dialog;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.widget.Toast;/** * Created by Lenovo on 2017/2/26. */public class ThreeDialogFragment extends DialogFragment { @NonNull @Override public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState); final Context context = getActivity(); AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); final String[] arr = getResources().getStringArray(android.R.array.phoneTypes); builder.setItems(arr, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(context, arr[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); return builder.create(); }}新建 ThreeActivity.java：
package com.example.dialogtest.three;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import com.example.dialogtest.R;public class ThreeActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_three); ThreeDialogFragment dialogFragment = new ThreeDialogFragment(); dialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "tag"); }}关键函数：builder.setItems
/** * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content, you will be notified of the * selected item via the supplied listener. This should be an array type i.e. R.array.foo * * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods */public Builder setItems(@ArrayRes int itemsId, final OnClickListener listener) { P.mItems = P.mContext.getResources().getTextArray(itemsId); P.mOnClickListener = listener; return this;}/** * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content, you will be notified of the * selected item via the supplied listener. * * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods */public Builder setItems(CharSequence[] items, final OnClickListener listener) { P.mItems = items; P.mOnClickListener = listener; return this;}注1：设置的列表将在内容区域内出现，所以列表和消息不能同时出现
注2：也可以通过设置 adapter 来动态加载列表内容
设置永久性单选列表（单选按钮）
关键代码：
int id = -1;@NonNull@Overridepublic Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState); final Context context = getActivity(); AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); final String[] arr = getResources().getStringArray(android.R.array.phoneTypes); builder.setTitle(R.string.app_name) .setSingleChoiceItems(arr, id, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(context, arr[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); id = which; } }) .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(context, arr[id], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }) .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(context, arr[id], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); return builder.create();}关键函数：builder.setSingleChoiceItems
/** * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content, you will be notified of * the selected item via the supplied listener. This should be an array type i.e. * R.array.foo The list will have a check mark displayed to the right of the text for the * checked item. Clicking on an item in the list will not dismiss the dialog. Clicking on a * button will dismiss the dialog. * * @param itemsId the resource id of an array i.e. R.array.foo * @param checkedItem specifies which item is checked. If -1 no items are checked. * @param listener notified when an item on the list is clicked. The dialog will not be * dismissed when an item is clicked. It will only be dismissed if clicked on a * button, if no buttons are supplied it's up to the user to dismiss the dialog. * * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods */ public Builder setSingleChoiceItems(@ArrayRes int itemsId, int checkedItem, final OnClickListener listener) { P.mItems = P.mContext.getResources().getTextArray(itemsId); P.mOnClickListener = listener; P.mCheckedItem = checkedItem; P.mIsSingleChoice = true; return this; } /** * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content, you will be notified of * the selected item via the supplied listener. The list will have a check mark displayed to * the right of the text for the checked item. Clicking on an item in the list will not * dismiss the dialog. Clicking on a button will dismiss the dialog. * * @param cursor the cursor to retrieve the items from. * @param checkedItem specifies which item is checked. If -1 no items are checked. * @param labelColumn The column name on the cursor containing the string to display in the * label. * @param listener notified when an item on the list is clicked. The dialog will not be * dismissed when an item is clicked. It will only be dismissed if clicked on a * button, if no buttons are supplied it's up to the user to dismiss the dialog. * * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods */ public Builder setSingleChoiceItems(Cursor cursor, int checkedItem, String labelColumn, final OnClickListener listener) { P.mCursor = cursor; P.mOnClickListener = listener; P.mCheckedItem = checkedItem; P.mLabelColumn = labelColumn; P.mIsSingleChoice = true; return this; }有3个参数，第一个输入数组；
第二个输入预先指定的选项，若值为 -1 则没有指定选项；
第三个为监听接口。
设置永久性多选列表（复选框）
关键代码：
package com.example.dialogtest.five;import android.app.Dialog;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.widget.Toast;import com.example.dialogtest.R;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;/** * Created by Lenovo on 2017/2/26. */public class FiveDialog extends DialogFragment { List list; String[] arr; @NonNull @Override public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState); list = new ArrayList<>(); arr = getResources().getStringArray(android.R.array.phoneTypes); final Context context = getActivity(); AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); builder.setTitle(R.string.app_name) .setMultiChoiceItems(arr, null, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) { if (isChecked) { // If the user checked the item, add it to the selected items list.add(arr[which]); Toast.makeText(context, "you choose " + arr[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else if (list.contains(arr[which])) { // Else, if the item is already in the array, remove it list.remove(arr[which]); Toast.makeText(context, "you dischoose " + arr[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } }) .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) { // User clicked OK, so save the mSelectedItems results somewhere // or return them to the component that opened the dialog Toast.makeText(context, list.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }) .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) { Toast.makeText(context, list.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); return builder.create(); }} 关键函数： builder.setMultiChoiceItems
/** * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content, * you will be notified of the selected item via the supplied listener. * This should be an array type, e.g. R.array.foo. The list will have * a check mark displayed to the right of the text for each checked * item. Clicking on an item in the list will not dismiss the dialog. * Clicking on a button will dismiss the dialog. * * @param itemsId the resource id of an array i.e. R.array.foo * @param checkedItems specifies which items are checked. It should be null in which case no * items are checked. If non null it must be exactly the same length as the array of * items. * @param listener notified when an item on the list is clicked. The dialog will not be * dismissed when an item is clicked. It will only be dismissed if clicked on a * button, if no buttons are supplied it's up to the user to dismiss the dialog. * * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods */ public Builder setMultiChoiceItems(@ArrayRes int itemsId, boolean[] checkedItems, final OnMultiChoiceClickListener listener) { P.mItems = P.mContext.getResources().getTextArray(itemsId); P.mOnCheckboxClickListener = listener; P.mCheckedItems = checkedItems; P.mIsMultiChoice = true; return this; } /** * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content, * you will be notified of the selected item via the supplied listener. * The list will have a check mark displayed to the right of the text * for each checked item. Clicking on an item in the list will not * dismiss the dialog. Clicking on a button will dismiss the dialog. * * @param items the text of the items to be displayed in the list. * @param checkedItems specifies which items are checked. It should be null in which case no * items are checked. If non null it must be exactly the same length as the array of * items. * @param listener notified when an item on the list is clicked. The dialog will not be * dismissed when an item is clicked. It will only be dismissed if clicked on a * button, if no buttons are supplied it's up to the user to dismiss the dialog. * * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods */ public Builder setMultiChoiceItems(CharSequence[] items, boolean[] checkedItems, final OnMultiChoiceClickListener listener) { P.mItems = items; P.mOnCheckboxClickListener = listener; P.mCheckedItems = checkedItems; P.mIsMultiChoice = true; return this; }该函数有3个参数：第一个表示输入的内容数组；
第二个表示预先选定的选项，是一个 boolean 数组，其长度必须和内容数组一致;
第三个表示监听的接口
自定义布局
对话框的内容区域可以设置为自定义布局
如果您想让对话框具有自定义布局，请创建一个布局，然后通过调用 AlertDialog.Builder 对象上的 setView() 将其添加到 AlertDialog。
默认情况下，自定义布局会填充对话框窗口，但您仍然可以使用 AlertDialog.Builder 方法来添加按钮和标题。
要扩展 DialogFragment 中的布局，请通过 getLayoutInflater() 获取一个 LayoutInflater 并调用 inflate()，其中第一个参数是布局资源 ID，第二个参数是布局的父视图。然后，您可以调用 setView() 将布局放入对话框。
实现代码：
package com.zj.dialogtest.view;import android.app.AlertDialog;import android.app.Dialog;import android.app.DialogFragment;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.Toast;import com.zj.dialogtest.R;/** * Created by zj on 17-2-27. */public class ViewDialogFragment extends DialogFragment { private View view; private EditText editText; private EditText editText2; @Override public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState); LayoutInflater inflater = getActivity().getLayoutInflater(); final Context context = getActivity(); AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog_signin, null); editText = (EditText)view.findViewById(R.id.username); editText2 = (EditText)view.findViewById(R.id.password); builder.setView(view) .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) { Toast.makeText(context, editText.getText()+" "+editText2.getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }) .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) { Toast.makeText(context, editText.getText()+" "+editText2.getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); return builder.create(); }}将事件传递回对话框的宿主（通过接口）
通过定义接口，将对话框的操作信息返回给打开对话框的 activity：
新建 InterDialogFragment.java：
package com.zj.dialogtest.inter;import android.app.Activity;import android.app.AlertDialog;import android.app.Dialog;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import com.zj.dialogtest.R;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.StringTokenizer;/** * Created by zj on 17-2-27. */public class InterDialogFragment extends DialogFragment { private List list; String[] arr; /* The activity that creates an instance of this dialog fragment must * implement this interface in order to receive event callbacks. * Each method passes the DialogFragment in case the host needs to query it. */ public interface NoticeDialogListener { public void onDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragment dialog, List list); public void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialog, List list); } // Use this instance of the interface to deliver action events NoticeDialogListener mListener; // Override the Fragment.onAttach() method to instantiate the NoticeDialogListener @Override public void onAttach(Activity activity) { super.onAttach(activity); // Verify that the host activity implements the callback interface try { // Instantiate the NoticeDialogListener so we can send events to the host mListener = (NoticeDialogListener) activity; } catch (ClassCastException e) { // The activity doesn't implement the interface, throw exception throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString() + " must implement NoticeDialogListener"); } } @Override public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState); list = new ArrayList<>(); arr = getResources().getStringArray(android.R.array.phoneTypes); Context context = getActivity(); AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); builder.setTitle(R.string.app_name) .setMultiChoiceItems(arr, null, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i, boolean b) { if (b) { list.add(arr[i]); } else { if (list.contains(arr[i])) { list.remove(arr[i]); } } } }) .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) { mListener.onDialogPositiveClick(InterDialogFragment.this, list); } }) .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) { List temp = new ArrayList(); for (String str : arr) { if (!list.contains(str)) { temp.add(str); } } mListener.onDialogNegativeClick(InterDialogFragment.this, temp); } }); return builder.create(); }} 新建 InterActivity.java：
package com.zj.dialogtest.inter;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.Toast;import com.zj.dialogtest.R;import java.util.List;public class InterActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements InterDialogFragment.NoticeDialogListener { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_inter); InterDialogFragment dialogFragment = new InterDialogFragment(); dialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "tag"); } @Override public void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialog, List list) { Toast.makeText(this, "you dont't click "+list.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragment dialog, List list) { Toast.makeText(this, "you click "+list.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }} onDismiss() 和 onCancel() 的使用方法
通常情况下，当你点击对话框外屏幕，或者点击返回键，或者点击对话框按钮时，对话框将会自动消失。
如果你使用 DialogFragment 来定义对话框，那么对话框在消失之前会调用 onDismiss() 或者 onCancel()，有两种情况：
- 点击对话框外屏幕，或者返回键，将会先调用
onCancel()，再调用onDismiss()； - 点击对话框按钮，将会调用方法
onDismiss()。
也可以显式调用 DialogFragment 的 dismiss() 方法；或者 Dialog 的 cancel() 方法。
示例代码：
package com.zj.dialogtest.Exit;import android.app.AlertDialog;import android.app.Dialog;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import android.util.Log;import com.zj.dialogtest.R;/** * Created by zj on 17-2-27. */public class ExitDialogFragment extends DialogFragment { private static final String TAG = ExitDialogFragment.class.getSimpleName(); @NonNull @Override public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState); AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity()); builder.setTitle(R.string.app_name) .setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher) .setMessage("Hello World") .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) { } }) .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) { } }); Dialog dialog = builder.create();// this.dismiss();// dialog.cancel(); return dialog; } @Override public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) { super.onDismiss(dialog); Log.e(TAG, "onDismiss: "); } @Override public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) { super.onCancel(dialog); Log.e(TAG, "onCancel: "); }}更多相关文章
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