Android(安卓)Intent的详细解析以及用法
16lz
2021-12-04
Intent的详细解析以及用法
Android的四大组件分别为Activity 、Service、BroadcastReceiver(广播接收器)、ContentProvider(内容提供者),这四种组件是独立的,它们之间可以互相调用,协调工作,最终组成一个真正的Android应用,Intent的中文意思为“意图”,在Android中可以理解为想要做什么,实现activity之间的跳转。
Intent在Android中常见的使用:
显示网页:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,uri); startActivity(it);
显示地图:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.Action_VIEW,uri); startActivity(it);
路径规划:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,URI); startActivity(it);
拨打电话:
调用拨号程序
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:xxxxxx"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri); startActivity(it); Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel.xxxxxx"); Intent it =new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL,uri);
要使用这个必须在配置文件中加入
发送SMS/MMS
调用发送短信的程序
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms"); startActivity(it);
发送短信
Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); startActivity(it);
发送彩信
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri); it.setType("image/png"); startActivity(it);
发送Email
Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); startActivity(it); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); it.setType("text/plain"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); String[] tos={"me@abc.com"}; String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"}; it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.setType("message/rfc822"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
添加附件
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3"); sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
播放多媒体
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3"); it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3"); startActivity(it); Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it);
Uninstall 程序
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri); startActivity(it);
Install 程序
Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null); returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri);
搜索应用
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where pkg_name is the full package path for an application
显示指定应用的详细页面(这个好像不支持了,找不到app_id)
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=app_id"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where app_id is the application ID, find the ID //by clicking on your application on Market home //page, and notice the ID from the address bar
打开另一程序
Intent i = new Intent(); ComponentName cn = new ComponentName("com.drip.android2", "com.drip.android2.AndroidSearch"); i.setComponent(cn); i.setAction("android.intent.action.MAIN"); startActivityForResult(i, RESULT_OK);
打开联系人列表
<1>
Intent i = new Intent(); i.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); i.setType("vnd.android.cursor.item/phone"); startActivityForResult(i, REQUEST_TEXT);
<2>
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://contacts/people"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, uri); startActivityForResult(it, REQUEST_TEXT);
打开录音机
Intent mi = new Intent(Media.RECORD_SOUND_ACTION); startActivity(mi);
从gallery选取图片
Inten t i = new Intent(); i.setType("image/*"); i.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); startActivityForResult(i, 11);
打开照相机
<1>
Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CAMERA_BUTTON, null); this.sendBroadcast(i);
<2>
long dateTaken = System.currentTimeMillis(); String name = createName(dateTaken) + ".jpg"; fileName = folder + name; ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put(Images.Media.TITLE, fileName); values.put("_data", fileName); values.put(Images.Media.PICASA_ID, fileName); values.put(Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName); values.put(Images.Media.DESCRIPTION, fileName); values.put(Images.ImageColumns.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME, fileName); Uri photoUri = getContentResolver().insert( MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values); Intent inttPhoto = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); inttPhoto.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoUri); startActivityForResult(inttPhoto, 10);
播放多媒体
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3"); it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3"); startActivity(it);
或者
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it);
或者
Uri playUri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/download/everything.mp3"); returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, playUri);
发送Email
Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com");Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);startActivity(it);
或者:
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, address);intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, filename);intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse("file://" + filename)); ;intent.setType("text/csv");startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "EMail File"));
或者:
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com");it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");it.setType("text/plain");startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
或者:
Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);String[] tos={"me@abc.com"};String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"};it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");it.setType("message/rfc822");startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
或者:
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3");sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
后台发送短信
注册权限
代码实现 :
// 获取信息内容String message ;// 移动运营商允许每次发送的字节数据有限,我们可以使用Android给我们提供 的短信工具。if (message != null) {SmsManager sms = SmsManager.getDefault();// 如果短信没有超过限制长度,则返回一个长度的List。List texts = sms.divideMessage(message);for (String text : texts) {sms.sendTextMessage(“这里是接收者电话号码”, “这里是发送者电话号码”, “这里是短信内容”, null, null);}}//说明sms.sendTextMessage(destinationAddress, scAddress, text, sentIntent, deliveryIntent):destinationAddress:接收方的手机号码scAddress:发送方的手机号码text:信息内容sentIntent:发送是否成功的回执,DeliveryIntent:接收是否成功的回执,
从google搜索内容
Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH); intent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY,"searchString") startActivity(intent);
APK 安装
Intent intent =new Intenet();String filepath="/SDCard/XXX.apk";intent.setDataAndType(Uri.parse("file://" + filepath),"application/vnd.android.package-archive");starActivity(intent);//activity之间的跳转Intent intent=new Intent();intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);startActivity(intent);
Intent 显式与隐式的用法
1)显示跳转到下一个活动。
Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);startActivity(intent); //startActivity方法
2)隐式跳转到下一个活动:需要下一个活动提供“匹配接口”Intentfilter。就相当于口令,一个人发出一条口令,另一个人对上了说明是自己人。
Intent intent2 = new Intent("com.example.lenovo.component_activity");intent2.addCategory("com.example.lenovo.component_activity.MY_CATEGORY");startActivity(intent2);Intent intent3 = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);intent3.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.baidu.com"));//tel:10086 startActivity(intent3);Intent.ACTION_VIEW //android.intent.action.VIEWIntent.ACTION_DIALcom.example.lenovo.component_activity.ACTION_START
3)传递数据
上一个活动向下一个活动传递数据
intent.putExtra("extra_data", "dafadfadfa"); //键值对
下一个活动提取数据
intent = getIntent(); String data = intent.getStringExtra("extra_data"); //通过键提取数据getIntExtra(String key, int defaultInt);getBooleanExtra(String key, boolean defaultBoolean);getCharExtra(String key, char defaultChar);
4)返回数据给上一个活动
上一个活动发出请求
startActivityForResult(intent, 1); //请求码
下一个活动返回数据
Intent intent = new Intent();intent.putExtra("data_return", "Hello MainActivity");setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);finish();
上一个活动接受信息
//重写onActiviResult方法@Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requstCode, int resultCode, Intent data){ switch (requstCode){ //请求码 case 1: if(RESULT_OK == requstCode){ //处理结果码 RESULT_CANCELED String returnResult = data.getStringExtra("data_return"); } break; default: }}
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