android adt jni开发步骤

一、使用环境 1、windows32位操作系统2、ADT为adt-bundle-windows-x86-20131030 3、NDK为android-ndk-r9d

二、配置生成头文件.h

⒈首先，如图所示，点击External Tools Configurations...

⒉然后，如图所示，点击

⒊接下来，看图操作

最后点击Apply,然后我们在一个android工程中新建一个class文件

三、配置build ndk,和上面类似，参考图中配置即可

创建C文件

创建Android.mk文件

创建Application.mk文件

最后加载so的库文件就可以把C语言的函数当Java函数使用了

编译结果：

Jni中数据类型对应关系

了解了jni的简单用法，我们再来进行深入的学习：首先使jni中Java基本类型和C基本类型的对应关系

访问Java中的域

使用C语言访问Java中的域和方法都要知道其Id，使用起来相对也比较复杂，在这里举一个简单的例子，假设我们的类People中有一个int类型的域age，即：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">package com.example.jnitest;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> People {    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> age;    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getAge</span>() {        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> age;    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setAge</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> age) {        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.age = age;    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>

修改JniTest中的方法，这一次我们通过调用native方法使得age域变为原来的二倍：

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.example.jnitest;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">JniTest</span> {</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">native</span> People <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">changeAge</span>(People people);}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

重新生成头文件后再cpp文件中编写我们的方法，每次访问Java中的域我们需要得到FieldId才可以，其步骤为：
1. 获取隐式参数的类
2. 获取域Id
3. 访问域的值

<code class="hljs scala has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">#include<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"jni_hello.h"</span>JNIEXPORT j<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">object</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">JNICALL</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Java_com_example_jnitest_JniTest_changeAge</span></span>  (JNIEnv *env, j<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">cl</span>, <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">jobject</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ob</span>){</span>      j<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">cl_people</span> = <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">env</span>-><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">GetObjectClass</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(ob)</span>;</span>      jfieldID c_ageId = env->GetFieldID(cl_people, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"age"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"I"</span>);      jint c_age = env->GetIntField(ob,c_ageId);      <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//打印修改之后的语句</span>      printf(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>, c_age);      <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//修改age域</span>      env->SetIntField(ob, c_ageId, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>*c_age);      <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> ob;}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>

env->GetFieldID方法中的第二个参数表示该域的名称，第三个参数表示该age域的类型为int，这个jni的编码签名有关，稍后会提到。接下来在main方法中调用：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">package com.example.jnitest;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Main {    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span>{        System.loadLibrary(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"JniApplication"</span>);    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {        People people = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> People();        people.setAge(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>);        people = JniTest.changeAge(people);        System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"changed::"</span>+people.getAge());    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul>

输出结果：

可以看到，结果变为原来的2倍。对于访问静态域时只需更换env->GetIntField为env->GetStaticIntField即可。

访问Java中的方法

刚刚我们使用了访问域的方法去修改了域的值，下面我们在cpp文件中调用People类下的setAge方法修改age的值；调用Java的方法需要按照以下步骤：

获取隐式参数的类
获取方法Id
进行调用

<code class="hljs scala has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">#include<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"jni_hello.h"</span>JNIEXPORT j<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">object</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">JNICALL</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Java_com_example_jnitest_JniTest_changeAge</span></span>  (JNIEnv *env, j<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">cl</span>, <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">jobject</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ob</span>){</span>      j<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">cl_people</span> = <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">env</span>-><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">GetObjectClass</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(ob)</span>;</span>      jfieldID c_ageId = env->GetFieldID(cl_people, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"age"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"I"</span>);      jint c_age = env->GetIntField(ob,c_ageId);      <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//第三个参数同样和编码签名有关</span>      jmethodID c_setAgeId = env->GetMethodID(cl_people, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"setAge"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"(I)V"</span>);      <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//void表示了返回类型，若返回为int，则调用CallIntMethod</span>      env->CallVoidMethod(ob,c_setAgeId,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>*c_age);      <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> ob;}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>

在main函数中调用，代码同上，结果如下：

对于static方法的调用，我们只需要将调用时的方法更换就好，例如setAge方法为static的话，只需将 env->CallVoidMethod(ob,c_setAgeId,2*c_age);更换为 env->CallStaticVoidMethod(ob,c_setAgeId,2*c_age);即可。

Jni编码签名

在前面我们提到了env->GetFieldID方法中的第三个参数用编码签名来表示了该域的数据类型，现在来介绍一下jni中数据类的对应关系。

基本数据类型：
B——byte, C——char, D——double, F——float,
I——-int , J——long, S——short, V——–void , Z——boolean
数组类型，在开头加“[”来表示，如int[] 数组为“[I”；二维数组int[][] 即为“[[I”
类类型，以“L+完整包名+类名+;”表示其中所有的“.”换为“/”，如com.example.jnitest.People类表示为Lcom/example/jnitest/People;

关于方法的编码签名规则是，“（传入参数类型的编码签名）+返回参数类型的编码签名”，多个传入参数之间直接相接就好；例如我们的setAge方法中传入参数为int，返回为void，则表示为“(I)V”。

好了，上面就是是用eclipse快速开发JNI的方法了，你学会了吗？

参考文章：

http://blog.csdn.net/smbroe/article/details/44133741

Jni中数据类型对应关系

访问Java中的域

访问Java中的方法

Jni编码签名

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