Android突破三：Intent类

Intent类 Jiangdg_VIP http://blog.csdn.net/u012637501 1.概述： Intent直译是指意图，目的的意思，在Android中，它是一种用来执行一个操作的抽象描述，它可以用来启动一个Activity，实现Activity之间的跳转，还可以发送广播，启动服务。 Intent还可以作为连接每个Activity的纽带，在每个Activity之间传递数据。 public class java.lang.Object ↳ android.content.Intent 2.Intent数据结构 (1)action属性：代表该Intent所要完成的一个执行动作，比如 ACTION_VIEW, ACTION_EDIT, ACTION_MAIN等 (2)data属性：通常用于向Action属性提供操作的数据，注意Data属性只接受一个Uri对象。博主笔记：action属性和data属性为Intent所传递信息的主要部分，action/data属性举例： ACTION_VIEW content://contacts/people/1 -- 传递的信息：显示号码为1的人相关信息 ACTION_DIAL content://contacts/people/1 --传递的信息：给编号为1的人打电话 ACTION_VIEW tel:123 -- 传递的信息：将号码123显示 ACTION_DIAL tel:123 --传递的信息：拨打号码123 ACTION_EDIT content://contacts/people/1 --传递的信息：编辑编号为1的联系人 ACTION_VIEW content://contacts/people/ --传递的信息：列出显示所有联系人.如果希望在查看某个联系人，需要定义一个新的intent并且属性设置为{ ACTION_VIEW content://contacts/N } 传递到一个新的Activity。总结：action属性、data属性是intent的主要属性。 (3)category属性：用于为Action增加额外的附加类别信息，CATEGORY常量默认为CATEGORY_DEFAULT，通常Action属性会与Category属性结合使用。比如，CATEGORY_LAUNCHER表示Intent传递的Activity显示顶级程序列表中，即当启动程序时使这个界面第一个显示。 (4)type属性：显式指定Intent的数据类型（MIME）。一般Intent数据类型能够根据数据本身进行判定，但是假如设置了这个属性，会强制采用显式指定的类型。 (5)component属性：指定Intent的目标组件的类名称。通常 Android会根据Intent 中包含的其它属性的信息，比如action、data/type、category进行查找，最终找到一个与之匹配的目标组件。但是，如果 component这个属性有指定的话，将直接使用它指定的组件，而不再执行上述查找过程。指定了这个属性以后，Intent的其它所有属性都是可选的。 (6)extras属性：Intent的Extras属性为一个Bundle对象，用于在多个Action之间进行数据交换。是其它所有附加信息的集合。使用extras可以为组件提供扩展信息，比如，如果要执行“发送电子邮件”这个动作，可以将电子邮件的标题、正文等保存在extras里，传给电子邮件发送组件。博主笔记：在Intent类中，定义了许多action和category常量。但是，在安卓应用程序中，其有自己的定义方式(java字符串形式)去使用这些常量以保证它们的唯一性。比如ACTION_VIEW常量对应的字符串为 "android.intent.action.VIEW"。
在AndroidManifest.xml 文件中： <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.INSERT" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.google.note" /> </intent-filter> 3.构造函数：

Intent() Create an empty intent.

	Intent( Intento) Copy constructor.
	Intent( Stringaction) Create an intent with a given action.
	Intent( Stringaction, Uriuri) Create an intent with a given actionand for a given data url.
	Intent( ContextpackageContext, Class<?> cls) Create an intent for a specific component.
	Intent( Stringaction, Uriuri, ContextpackageContext, Class<?> cls) Create an intent for a specific component with a specified action and data.

4.Intent的使用方法 (1)Intent可以从开发者自己的程序跳转到系统应用界面，比如点击一个按钮跳转到发短信的界面，其使用方式是通过uri的方式进行跳转，具体如下：

        Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);         it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");        it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");        startActivity(it);

(2)启动一个Activity，实现Activity之间的跳转

 <span style="white-space:pre"></span>Intent it = new Intent(Main.this,Second.class);        startActivity(it);

(3)设置需要发送的信息，通过广播将此Intent发送出去

       Intent it = new Intent();         it.setAction("message");        it.putExtra("message ", msg);        sendBroadcast(it);

(4)启动/关闭一个服务

      Intent it = new Intent(Main.this,Second.class);        startService(it);        stopService(it);

5.方法

Intent	addCategory(Stringcategory) Add a new category to the intent.
Intent	addFlags(int flags) Add additional flags to the intent(or with existing flags value).
Object	clone() Creates and returns a copy of this `Object`.
Intent	cloneFilter() Make a clone of only the parts of the Intent that are relevant for filter matching: the action, data, type, component, and categories.
static Intent	createChooser(Intenttarget,CharSequencetitle) Convenience function for creating a`ACTION_CHOOSER`Intent.
int	describeContents() Describe the kinds of special objects contained in this Parcelable's marshalled representation.
int	fillIn( Intentother, int flags) Copy the contents of otherin to this object, but only where fields are not defined by this object.
boolean	filterEquals( Intentother) Determine if two intents are the same for the purposes of intent resolution (filtering).
int	filterHashCode() Generate hash code that matches semantics of filterEquals().
String	getAction() Retrieve the general actionto be performed, such as `ACTION_VIEW`.
boolean[]	getBooleanArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
boolean	getBooleanExtra( Stringname, boolean defaultValue) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
Bundle	getBundleExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
byte[]	getByteArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
byte	getByteExtra( Stringname, byte defaultValue) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
Set< String>	getCategories() Return the set of all categories in the intent.
char[]	getCharArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
char	getCharExtra( Stringname, char defaultValue) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
CharSequence[]	getCharSequenceArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
ArrayList< CharSequence>	getCharSequenceArrayListExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
CharSequence	getCharSequenceExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
ClipData	getClipData() Return the `ClipData`associated with this Intent.
ComponentName	getComponent() Retrieve the concrete component associated with the intent.
Uri	getData() Retrieve data this intent is operating on.
String	getDataString() The same as `getData()`, but returns the URI as an encoded String.
double[]	getDoubleArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
double	getDoubleExtra( Stringname, double defaultValue) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
Bundle	getExtras() Retrieves a map of extended data from the intent.
int	getFlags() Retrieve any special flags associated with this intent.
float[]	getFloatArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
float	getFloatExtra( Stringname, float defaultValue) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
int[]	getIntArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
int	getIntExtra( Stringname, int defaultValue) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
ArrayList< Integer>	getIntegerArrayListExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
static Intent	getIntent( Stringuri) This method was deprecated in API level 4. Use`parseUri(String, int)`instead.
static Intent	getIntentOld( Stringuri)
long[]	getLongArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
long	getLongExtra( Stringname, long defaultValue) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
String	getPackage() Retrieve the application package name this Intent is limited to.
Parcelable[]	getParcelableArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
<Textends Parcelable> ArrayList<T>	getParcelableArrayListExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
<Textends Parcelable> T	getParcelableExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
String	getScheme() Return the scheme portion of the intent's data.
Intent	getSelector() Return the specific selector associated with this Intent.
Serializable	getSerializableExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
short[]	getShortArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
short	getShortExtra( Stringname, short defaultValue) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
Rect	getSourceBounds() Get the bounds of the sender of this intent, in screen coordinates.
String[]	getStringArrayExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
ArrayList< String>	getStringArrayListExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
String	getStringExtra( Stringname) Retrieve extended data from the intent.
String	getType() Retrieve any explicit MIME type included in the intent.
boolean	hasCategory( Stringcategory) Check if a category exists in the intent.
boolean	hasExtra( Stringname) Returns true if an extra value is associated with the given name.
boolean	hasFileDescriptors() Returns true if the Intent's extras contain a parcelled file descriptor.
static Intent	makeMainActivity( ComponentNamemainActivity) Create an intent to launch the main (root) activity of a task.
static Intent	makeMainSelectorActivity( StringselectorAction, StringselectorCategory) Make an Intent for the main activity of an application, without specifying a specific activity to run but giving a selector to find the activity.
static Intent	makeRestartActivityTask( ComponentNamemainActivity) Make an Intent that can be used to re-launch an application's task in its base state.
static String	normalizeMimeType( Stringtype) Normalize a MIME data type.
static Intent	parseIntent( Resourcesresources, XmlPullParserparser, AttributeSetattrs) Parses(解析) the "intent" element (and its children) from XML and instantiates an Intent object.
static Intent	parseUri( Stringuri, int flags) Create an intent from a URI.
Intent	putCharSequenceArrayListExtra( Stringname, ArrayList< CharSequence> value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, double[] value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, int value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, CharSequencevalue) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, char value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, Bundlevalue) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, Parcelable[]value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, Serializablevalue) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, int[] value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, float value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, byte[] value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, long[] value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, Parcelablevalue) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, float[] value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, long value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, String[]value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, boolean value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, boolean[] value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, short value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, double value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, short[] value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, Stringvalue) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, byte value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, char[] value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtra( Stringname, CharSequence[]value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putExtras( Intentsrc) Copy all extras in 'src' in to this intent.
Intent	putExtras( Bundleextras) Add a set of extended data to the intent.
Intent	putIntegerArrayListExtra( Stringname, ArrayList< Integer> value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putParcelableArrayListExtra( Stringname, ArrayList<?extends Parcelable> value) Add extended data to the intent.
Intent	putStringArrayListExtra( Stringname, ArrayList< String> value) Add extended data to the intent.
void	readFromParcel( Parcelin)
void	removeCategory( Stringcategory) Remove a category from an intent.
void	removeExtra( Stringname) Remove extended data from the intent.
Intent	replaceExtras( Bundleextras) Completely replace the extras in the Intent with the given Bundle of extras.
Intent	replaceExtras( Intentsrc) Completely replace the extras in the Intent with the extras in the given Intent.
ComponentName	resolveActivity( PackageManagerpm) Return the Activity component that should be used to handle this intent.
ActivityInfo	resolveActivityInfo( PackageManagerpm, int flags) Resolve the Intent into an `ActivityInfo`describing the activity that should execute the intent.
String	resolveType( ContentResolverresolver) Return the MIME data type of this intent.
String	resolveType( Contextcontext) Return the MIME data type of this intent.
String	resolveTypeIfNeeded( ContentResolverresolver) Return the MIME data type of this intent, only if it will be needed for intent resolution.
Intent	setAction( Stringaction) Set the general action to be performed.
Intent	setClass( ContextpackageContext, Class<?> cls) Convenience for calling`setComponent(ComponentName)`with the name returned by a`Class`object.
Intent	setClassName( ContextpackageContext, StringclassName) Convenience for calling`setComponent(ComponentName)`with an explicit class name.
Intent	setClassName( StringpackageName, StringclassName) Convenience for calling `setComponent(ComponentName)`with an explicit application package name and class name.
void	setClipData( ClipDataclip) Set a `ClipData`associated with this Intent.
Intent	setComponent( ComponentNamecomponent) (Usually optional) Explicitly set the component to handle the intent.
Intent	setData( Uridata) Set the data this intent is operating on.
Intent	setDataAndNormalize( Uridata) Normalize and set the data this intent is operating on.
Intent	setDataAndType( Uridata, Stringtype) (Usually optional) Set the data for the intent along with an explicit MIME data type.
Intent	setDataAndTypeAndNormalize( Uridata, Stringtype) (Usually optional) Normalize and set both the data Uri and an explicit MIME data type.
void	setExtrasClassLoader( ClassLoaderloader) Sets the ClassLoader that will be used when unmarshalling any Parcelable values from the extras of this Intent.
Intent	setFlags(int flags) Set special flags controlling how this intent is handled.
Intent	setPackage( StringpackageName) (Usually optional) Set an explicit application package name that limits the components this Intent will resolve to.
void	setSelector( Intentselector) Set a selector for this Intent.
void	setSourceBounds( Rectr) Set the bounds of the sender of this intent, in screen coordinates.
Intent	setType( Stringtype) Set an explicit MIME data type.
Intent	setTypeAndNormalize( Stringtype) Normalize and set an explicit MIME data type.
String	toString() Returns a string containing a concise（简洁）, human-readable (可读)description of this object.
String	toURI() This method was deprecated in API level 4. Use`toUri(int)`instead.
String	toUri(int flags) Convert this Intent into a String holding a URI representation of it.
void	writeToParcel( Parcelout, int flags) Flatten this object in to a Parcel.

6.ACTION属性常量 (1)标准Activity Actions 以下actions常量，用于Intent定义用来操作各种Activity，通常使用 startActivity(Intent)方法实现。

ACTION_MAIN //传递返回到主Activity动作
ACTION_VIEW //传递显示动作
ACTION_ATTACH_DATA
ACTION_EDIT //传递编辑动作
ACTION_PICK
ACTION_CHOOSER //传递选择动作
ACTION_GET_CONTENT
ACTION_DIAL
ACTION_CALL
ACTION_SEND
ACTION_SENDTO
ACTION_ANSWER //传递接听电话动作
ACTION_INSERT
ACTION_DELETE
ACTION_RUN
ACTION_SYNC
ACTION_PICK_ACTIVITY
ACTION_SEARCH
ACTION_WEB_SEARCH
ACTION_FACTORY_TEST

(2) 标准 Broadcast Actions 以下"意图"的action属性常量，用于接收广播，通常使用 registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver, IntentFilter)方法或者在AndroidManifest.xml 文件中定义了<receiver>属性的Activity。

ACTION_TIME_TICK
ACTION_TIME_CHANGED
ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED
ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED
ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED
ACTION_PACKAGE_CHANGED
ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED
ACTION_PACKAGE_RESTARTED
ACTION_PACKAGE_DATA_CLEARED
ACTION_UID_REMOVED
ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED
ACTION_POWER_CONNECTED
ACTION_POWER_DISCONNECTED
ACTION_SHUTDOWN

7.标准Categories常量为Action增加额外的附加类别信息，通常使用addCategory (String category)方法。

CATEGORY_DEFAULT
CATEGORY_BROWSABLE
CATEGORY_TAB
CATEGORY_ALTERNATIVE
CATEGORY_SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE
CATEGORY_LAUNCHER
CATEGORY_INFO
CATEGORY_HOME
CATEGORY_PREFERENCE
CATEGORY_TEST
CATEGORY_CAR_DOCK
CATEGORY_DESK_DOCK
CATEGORY_LE_DESK_DOCK
CATEGORY_HE_DESK_DOCK
CATEGORY_CAR_MODE
CATEGORY_APP_MARKET

8.标准Extra Data常量 通过putExtra(String, Bundle)方法实现。

EXTRA_ALARM_COUNT
EXTRA_BCC
EXTRA_CC
EXTRA_CHANGED_COMPONENT_NAME
EXTRA_DATA_REMOVED
EXTRA_DOCK_STATE
EXTRA_DOCK_STATE_HE_DESK
EXTRA_DOCK_STATE_LE_DESK
EXTRA_DOCK_STATE_CAR
EXTRA_DOCK_STATE_DESK
EXTRA_DOCK_STATE_UNDOCKED
EXTRA_DONT_KILL_APP
EXTRA_EMAIL
EXTRA_INITIAL_INTENTS
EXTRA_INTENT
EXTRA_KEY_EVENT
EXTRA_ORIGINATING_URI
EXTRA_PHONE_NUMBER
EXTRA_REFERRER
EXTRA_REMOTE_INTENT_TOKEN
EXTRA_REPLACING
EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON
EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON_RESOURCE
EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT
EXTRA_STREAM
EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME
EXTRA_SUBJECT
EXTRA_TEMPLATE
EXTRA_TEXT
EXTRA_TITLE
EXTRA_UID

9.Flags 通过 setFlags(int) 和addFlags(int)设置intent的flags属性。

getFlags()
addFlags(int)
FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION
FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION
FLAG_GRANT_PERSISTABLE_URI_PERMISSION
FLAG_GRANT_PREFIX_URI_PERMISSION
FLAG_DEBUG_LOG_RESOLUTION
FLAG_FROM_BACKGROUND
FLAG_ACTIVITY_BROUGHT_TO_FRONT
FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK
FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP
FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_WHEN_TASK_RESET
FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS
FLAG_ACTIVITY_FORWARD_RESULT
FLAG_ACTIVITY_LAUNCHED_FROM_HISTORY
FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_DOCUMENT
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_ANIMATION
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION
FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP
FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED
FLAG_ACTIVITY_REORDER_TO_FRONT
FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP
FLAG_ACTIVITY_TASK_ON_HOME
FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY

参考： http://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/Uri.html

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