Android 如何保持横竖屏切换不变以及Fragment调用setRetainInstance的原理
限定屏幕方向:
设置Manifest文件的activity的属性:
android:screenOrientation="portrait"(始终竖屏)
landscape(始终横屏)
///////
自己处理变更:
设置Manifest文件中的activity属性:
android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|keyboardHidden"
视图状态会自动保存(适用于EditText不适用于TextView):
前提条件:
(1)拥有Id
(2)实现onSaveInstanceState回调
(3)实现onRestoreInstanceState回调
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); Log.d(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState() called with: " + "outState = [" + outState + "]"); outState.putLong(CREATE_TIME, this.createTime); Log.d(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState() called with: " + "outState = [" + outState + "]"); } @Override protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState); Log.d(TAG, "onRestoreInstanceState() called with: " + "savedInstanceState = [" + savedInstanceState + "]"); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy: " + this); }
保持Fragment对象:
(1)在onCreate函数里调用setRetainInstance(true);
setRetainInstance(true);
(2)findFragmentByTag无则创建并添加,有就什么都不做
(2)Fragment对象添加到Activity中,当Activity重启时,通过FragmentManager过去此Fragment对象
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { private Fragment fragment; super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager(); fragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("ScoreFragment"); if (fragment == null) { fragment = new ScoreFragment(); fm.beginTransaction().replace(android.R.id.content, fragment, "ScoreFragment").commit(); } Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: "); }
保存和恢复Fragment的状态
onSaveInstanceState保持状态
onActivityCreated恢复状态
public ScoreFragment() { // Required empty public constructor } @Override public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); outState.putInt(SCORE, this.score); Log.d(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState() called with: " + "outState = [" + outState + "]"); } @Override public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); Log.d(TAG, "onCreate() called with: " + "savedInstanceState = [" + savedInstanceState + "]");// setRetainInstance(true); if (savedInstanceState != null) { this.score = savedInstanceState.getInt(SCORE); } } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy: " + this); }
setRetainInstance的原理
只有调用了fragment的setRetainInstance(true)方法, 并且因设备配置改变,托管Activity正在被销毁的条件下, fragment才会短暂的处于保留状态。
比较来说,onSaveInstanceState可以更长久的保持数据。
当Activity所在进程被关闭(非用户主动关闭),系统将会重新创建activity时, 将恢复onSaveInstanceState中保留的数据。
当Fragment设置了setRetainInstance(true)后, 在设备旋转等情况下,该Fragment可以暂时与Activity分离。
如果此时Fragment持有的后台线程,例如AsyncTask中的后台操作等, 需要使用Fragment的Context等信息,就可能出现错误。
为此,在Fragment中定义了isAdded, 用于判断Fragment是否已经绑定到了某个Activity。
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