我们经常会用NFS做后端存储来做测试,因为其部署简单。但是在生产中我们并不会去选择NFS,更多的是Ceph、Glusterfs等等,今天就来带大家了解在kubernetes中使用Glusterfs。

一、安装Glusterfs

1.1、规划

1.2、安装

我们这里采用的是YUM安装,有兴趣的也可以用其他安装方式,比如源码安装

(1)、配置hosts(/etc/hosts)

10.1.10.129 glusterfs-node0110.1.10.130 glusterfs-node0210.1.10.128 glusterfs-master

(2)、YUM安装

# yum install centos-release-gluster -y# yum install -y glusterfs glusterfs-server glusterfs-fuse glusterfs-rdma

(3)、启动并配置开机自启动

# systemctl start glusterd.service && systemctl enable glusterd.service

(4)、如果防火墙是开启的需要配置防火墙

# 如果需要可以加iptables# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 24007 -j  ACCEPT# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 24008 -j ACCEPT# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 2222 -j ACCEPT# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m multiport --dports 49152:49251 -j ACCEPT

(5)、将节点加入集群

# gluster peer probe glusterfs-master# gluster peer probe glusterfs-node01# gluster peer probe glusterfs-node02

(6)、查看集群状态

# gluster peer statusNumber of Peers: 2Hostname: k8s-node01Uuid: bb59f0ee-1901-443c-b721-1fe3a1edebb4State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)Other names:glusterfs-node0110.1.10.129Hostname: glusterfs-node02Uuid: a0d1448a-d0f2-432a-bb45-b10650db106cState: Peer in Cluster (Connected)Other names:10.1.10.130

1.3、测试

(1)、创建volume

# 创建数据目录,节点都要操作# mkdir /data/gluster/data -p# gluster volume create glusterfs_volume replica 3 master:/data/gluster/data node1:/data/gluster/data node2:/data/gluster/data force

(2)、查看volume

# gluster volume infoVolume Name: glusterfs_volumeType: ReplicateVolume ID: 53bdad7b-d40f-4160-bd42-4b70c8278506Status: CreatedSnapshot Count: 0Number of Bricks: 1 x 3 = 3Transport-type: tcpBricks:Brick1: master:/data/gluster/dataBrick2: node1:/data/gluster/dataBrick3: node2:/data/gluster/dataOptions Reconfigured:transport.address-family: inetstorage.fips-mode-rchecksum: onnfs.disable: onperformance.client-io-threads: off

(3)、启动volume

# gluster volume start glusterfs_volume

(4)、安装client

# yum install -y glusterfs glusterfs-fuse

(5)、挂载

# mount -t glusterfs glusterfs-master:glusterfs_volume /mnt

1.4、调优

# 开启 指定 volume 的配额$ gluster volume quota k8s-volume enable# 限制 指定 volume 的配额$ gluster volume quota k8s-volume limit-usage / 1TB# 设置 cache 大小, 默认32MB$ gluster volume set k8s-volume performance.cache-size 4GB# 设置 io 线程, 太大会导致进程崩溃$ gluster volume set k8s-volume performance.io-thread-count 16# 设置 网络检测时间, 默认42s$ gluster volume set k8s-volume network.ping-timeout 10# 设置 写缓冲区的大小, 默认1M$ gluster volume set k8s-volume performance.write-behind-window-size 1024MB

二、在k8s中测试

2.1、简单测试

(1)、配置endpoints

# curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/volumes/glusterfs/glusterfs-endpoints.json

修改glusterfs-endpoints.json,配置GlusterFS集群信息

 {  "kind": "Endpoints",  "apiVersion": "v1",  "metadata": {    "name": "glusterfs-cluster"  },  "subsets": [    {      "addresses": [        {          "ip": "10.1.10.128"        }      ],      "ports": [        {          "port": 2020        }      ]    }  ]}
port可以随意写,ip为GlusterFS的IP地址

创建配置文件

# kubectl apply -f glusterfs-endpoints.json# kubectl get epNAME                ENDPOINTS          AGEglusterfs-cluster   10.1.10.128:2020   7m26skubernetes          10.1.10.128:6443   27d

(2)、配置service

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/volumes/glusterfs/glusterfs-service.json

修改配置文件,我这里仅修改了端口

{  "kind": "Service",  "apiVersion": "v1",  "metadata": {    "name": "glusterfs-cluster"  },  "spec": {    "ports": [      {"port": 2020}    ]  }}

创建service对象

# kubectl apply -f glusterfs-service.json# kubectl get svcNAME                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGEglusterfs-cluster   ClusterIP   10.254.44.189   <none>        2020/TCP   10mkubernetes          ClusterIP   10.254.0.1      <none>        443/TCP    27d

(3)、创建pod测试

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/volumes/glusterfs/glusterfs-pod.json

修改配置文件,修改volumes下的path为我们上面创建的volume名

{    "apiVersion": "v1",    "kind": "Pod",    "metadata": {        "name": "glusterfs"    },    "spec": {        "containers": [            {                "name": "glusterfs",                "image": "nginx",                "volumeMounts": [                    {                        "mountPath": "/mnt/glusterfs",                        "name": "glusterfsvol"                    }                ]            }        ],        "volumes": [            {                "name": "glusterfsvol",                "glusterfs": {                    "endpoints": "glusterfs-cluster",                    "path": "glusterfs_volume",                    "readOnly": true                }            }        ]    }}

创建Pod对象

# kubectl apply -f glusterfs-pod.yaml# kubectl get podNAME        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGEglusterfs   1/1     Running   0          51spod-demo    1/1     Running   8          25h# kubectl exec -it glusterfs -- df -hFilesystem                  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted onoverlay                      17G  2.5G   15G  15% /tmpfs                        64M     0   64M   0% /devtmpfs                       910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/mapper/centos-root      17G  2.5G   15G  15% /etc/hosts10.1.10.128:glusterfs_volume   17G  5.3G   12G  31% /mnt/glusterfsshm                          64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shmtmpfs                       910M   12K  910M   1% /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccounttmpfs                       910M     0  910M   0% /proc/acpitmpfs                       910M     0  910M   0% /proc/scsitmpfs                       910M     0  910M   0% /sys/firmware

我们从磁盘挂载情况可以看到挂载成功了。

2.2、静态PV测试

(1)、创建pv(glusterfs-pv.yaml)

apiVersion: v1kind: PersistentVolumemetadata:  name: glusterfs-pvspec:  capacity:    storage: 5Mi  accessModes:  - ReadWriteMany  glusterfs:    endpoints: glusterfs-cluster    path: glusterfs_volume---apiVersion: v1kind: PersistentVolumeClaimmetadata:  name: glusterfs-pvcspec:  accessModes:  - ReadWriteMany  resources:    requests:      storage: 5Mi

创建pv和pvc对象

# kubectl apply -f  glusterfs-pv.yaml# kubectl get pvNAME           CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM                   STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGEglusterfs-pv   5Mi        RWX            Retain           Bound    default/glusterfs-pvc                           15s# kubectl get pvcNAME            STATUS   VOLUME         CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGEglusterfs-pvc   Bound    glusterfs-pv   5Mi        RWX                           18s

从上面可知绑定成功,可以自定写一个pod进行测试。

2.3、动态PV测试

在这里我们需要借助heketi来管理Glusterfs。

Heketi 提供了丰富的RESTful API 用来对于Glusterfs的volume进行管理。Heketi可以同时管理多个cluster,每个cluster由多个node组成,每个node都是一个物理机,准确的说是一个裸盘。然后每个裸设备有多个bricks,而volume就是多个bricks组成的,但是,一个volume不可以跨node组成。示意图如下所示。

参考文档:https://blog.csdn.net/DevOps008/article/details/80757974

2.3.1、安装Heketi

(1)、安装

# yum -y install heketi heketi-client

(2)、配置heketi(/etc/heketi/heketi.json)

{  "_port_comment": "Heketi Server Port Number",  "port": "48080",            # 请求端口,默认是8080  "_use_auth": "Enable JWT authorization. Please enable for deployment",  "use_auth": false,  "_jwt": "Private keys for access",  "jwt": {    "_admin": "Admin has access to all APIs",    "admin": {      "key": "admin@P@ssW0rd"            # 管理员密码    },    "_user": "User only has access to /volumes endpoint",    "user": {      "key": "user@P@ssW0rd"            # 普通用户密码    }  },  "_glusterfs_comment": "GlusterFS Configuration",  "glusterfs": {    "_executor_comment": [      "Execute plugin. Possible choices: mock, ssh",      "mock: This setting is used for testing and development.",      "      It will not send commands to any node.",      "ssh:  This setting will notify Heketi to ssh to the nodes.",      "      It will need the values in sshexec to be configured.",      "kubernetes: Communicate with GlusterFS containers over",      "            Kubernetes exec api."    ],    "executor": "ssh",    "_sshexec_comment": "SSH username and private key file information",    "sshexec": {      "keyfile": "/etc/hekeit/private_key",            # ssh私钥目录      "user": "root",                                                        # ssh用户      "port": "22",                                                            # ssh端口      "fstab": "/etc/fstab"    },    "_kubeexec_comment": "Kubernetes configuration",    "kubeexec": {      "host" :"https://kubernetes.host:8443",      "cert" : "/path/to/crt.file",      "insecure": false,      "user": "kubernetes username",      "password": "password for kubernetes user",      "namespace": "OpenShift project or Kubernetes namespace",      "fstab": "Optional: Specify fstab file on node.  Default is /etc/fstab"    },    "_db_comment": "Database file name",    "db": "/var/lib/heketi/heketi.db",    "_loglevel_comment": [      "Set log level. Choices are:",      "  none, critical, error, warning, info, debug",      "Default is warning"    ],    "loglevel" : "debug"  }}

说明:heketi用来管理cluster的,其中配置地方在executor,其管理方式有以下三种

  • mock

  • ssh

  • kubernetes

mock,顾名思义就是测试,在这种模式下,可以对于自己的配置文件什么的进行检验,但是处于此模式下,虽然你可以看到node添加成功,volume创建成功,但是这些volume是不可用的,无法挂载的。所以如果要在SVT或者PROD环境用的话,一定要用ssh或者kubernetes模式。我们这里是用的ssh模式。

(3)、配置免密

# ssh-keygen -t rsa -q -f /etc/heketi/private_key -N ""# ssh-copy-id -i /etc/heketi/private_key.pub root@10.1.10.128# ssh-copy-id -i /etc/heketi/private_key.pub root@10.1.10.129# ssh-copy-id -i /etc/heketi/private_key.pub root@10.1.10.130

(4)、启动heketi

# systemctl enable heketi.service && systemctl start heketi.service# 测试# curl http://10.1.10.128:48080/helloHello from Heketi

(5)、配置topology

拓扑信息用于让Heketi确认可以使用的存储节点、磁盘和集群,必须自行确定节点的故障域。故障域是赋予一组节点的整数值,这组节点共享相同的交换机、电源或其他任何会导致它们同时失效的组件。必须确认哪些节点构成一个集群,Heketi使用这些信息来确保跨故障域中创建副本,从而提供数据冗余能力,Heketi支持多个Gluster存储集群。

配置Heketi拓扑注意以下几点:

  • 可以通过topology.json文件定义组建的GlusterFS集群;

  • topology指定了层级关系:clusters --> nodes --> node/devices --> hostnames/zone;

  • node/hostnames字段的manage建议填写主机ip,指管理通道,注意当heketi服务器不能通过hostname访问GlusterFS节点时不能填写hostname;

  • node/hostnames字段的storage建议填写主机ip,指存储数据通道,与manage可以不一样,生产环境管理网络和存储网络建议分离;

  • node/zone字段指定了node所处的故障域,heketi通过跨故障域创建副本,提高数据高可用性质,如可以通过rack的不同区分zone值,创建跨机架的故障域;

  • devices字段指定GlusterFS各节点的盘符(可以是多块盘),必须是未创建文件系统的裸设备。
以文字内容来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/itzgr/p/11913342.html#_labelTop

配置文件如下(/etc/heketi/topology.json)

  {    "clusters": [        {            "nodes": [                {                    "node": {                        "hostnames": {                            "manage": [                                "10.1.10.128"                            ],                            "storage": [                                "10.1.10.128"                            ]                        },                        "zone": 1                    },                    "devices": [                        "/dev/sdb1"    # 必须是未创建文件系统的裸磁盘                    ]                },                {                    "node": {                        "hostnames": {                            "manage": [                                "10.1.10.129"                            ],                            "storage": [                                "10.1.10.129"                            ]                        },                        "zone": 1                    },                    "devices": [                        "/dev/sdb1"                    ]                },                {                    "node": {                        "hostnames": {                            "manage": [                                "10.1.10.130"                            ],                            "storage": [                                "10.1.10.130"                            ]                        },                        "zone": 1                    },                    "devices": [                        "/dev/sdb1"                    ]                }            ]        }    ]}
重要说明:devices字段指定GlusterFS各节点的盘符(可以是多块盘),必须是未创建文件系统的裸设备

由于每次使用heketi-cli命令的时候都需要写用户名、密码等,我们就将其写入环境变量,方便操作。

# echo "export HEKETI_CLI_SERVER=http://10.1.10.128:48080" >> /etc/profile.d/heketi.sh# echo "alias heketi-cli='heketi-cli --user admin --secret admin@P@ssW0rd'" >> ~/.bashrc# source /etc/profile.d/heketi.sh# source ~/.bashrc# echo $HEKETI_CLI_SERVERhttp://10.1.10.128:48080

(6)、创建cluster

# heketi-cli --server $HEKETI_CLI_SERVER --user admin --secret admin@P@ssW0rd topology load --json=/etc/heketi/topology.jsonCreating cluster ... ID: cca360f44db482f03297a151886eea19    Allowing file volumes on cluster.    Allowing block volumes on cluster.    Creating node 10.1.10.128 ... ID: 5216dafba986a087d7c3b1e11fa36c05        Adding device /dev/sdb1 ... OK    Creating node 10.1.10.129 ... ID: e384286825957b60213cc9b2cb604744        Adding device /dev/sdb1 ... OK    Creating node 10.1.10.130 ... ID: 178a8c6fcfb8ccb02b1b871db01254c2        Adding device /dev/sdb1 ... OK

(7)、查看集群信息

# 查看集群列表# heketi-cli cluster listClusters:Id:cca360f44db482f03297a151886eea19 [file][block]# 查看集群详细信息# heketi-cli cluster info cca360f44db482f03297a151886eea19# 查看节点信息# heketi-cli node list# 查看节点详细信息# heketi-cli node info 68f16b2d54acf1c18e354ec46aa736ad

2.3.2、创建volume测试

# heketi-cli volume create --size=2 --replica=2Name: vol_4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0Size: 2Volume Id: 4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0Cluster Id: cca360f44db482f03297a151886eea19Mount: 10.1.10.129:vol_4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0Mount Options: backup-volfile-servers=10.1.10.130,10.1.10.128Block: falseFree Size: 0Reserved Size: 0Block Hosting Restriction: (none)Block Volumes: []Durability Type: replicateDistribute Count: 1Replica Count: 2# heketi-cli volume listId:4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0    Cluster:cca360f44db482f03297a151886eea19    Name:vol_4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0# heketi-cli volume info 4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0Name: vol_4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0Size: 2Volume Id: 4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0Cluster Id: cca360f44db482f03297a151886eea19Mount: 10.1.10.129:vol_4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0Mount Options: backup-volfile-servers=10.1.10.130,10.1.10.128Block: falseFree Size: 0Reserved Size: 0Block Hosting Restriction: (none)Block Volumes: []Durability Type: replicateDistribute Count: 1Replica Count: 2# 挂载# mount -t glusterfs 10.1.10.129:vol_4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0 /mnt# 删除# heketi-cli volume delete 4f1a171ab06adf80460c84f2132e96e0

2.3.3、在k8s中测试

(1)、创建需要使用的secret(heketi-secret.yaml)

apiVersion: v1kind: Secretmetadata:  name: heketi-secretdata:  key: YWRtaW5AUEBzc1cwcmQ=type: kubernetes.io/glusterfs

其中key必须是base64转码后的,命令如下:

echo -n "admin@P@ssW0rd" | base64

(2)、创建storageclass(heketi-storageclass.yaml)

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1kind: StorageClassmetadata:    name: heketi-storageclassparameters:    resturl: "http://10.1.10.128:48080"    clusterid: "cca360f44db482f03297a151886eea19"    restauthenabled: "true"          # 若heketi开启认证此处也必须开启auth认证    restuser: "admin"    secretName: "heketi-secret"      # name/namespace与secret资源中定义一致    secretNamespace: "default"    volumetype: "replicate:3"provisioner: kubernetes.io/glusterfsreclaimPolicy: Delete
  • 说明:

  • provisioner:表示存储分配器,需要根据后端存储的不同而变更;

  • reclaimPolicy: 默认即”Delete”,删除pvc后,相应的pv及后端的volume,brick(lvm)等一起删除;设置为”Retain”时则保留数据,若需删除则需要手工处理;

  • resturl:heketi API服务提供的url;

  • restauthenabled:可选参数,默认值为”false”,heketi服务开启认证时必须设置为”true”;

  • restuser:可选参数,开启认证时设置相应用户名;

  • secretNamespace:可选参数,开启认证时可以设置为使用持久化存储的namespace;

  • secretName:可选参数,开启认证时,需要将heketi服务的认证密码保存在secret资源中;

  • clusterid:可选参数,指定集群id,也可以是1个clusterid列表,格式为”id1,id2”;

  • volumetype:可选参数,设置卷类型及其参数,如果未分配卷类型,则有分配器决定卷类型;如”volumetype: replicate:3”表示3副本的replicate卷,”volumetype: disperse:4:2”表示disperse卷,其中‘4’是数据,’2’是冗余校验,”volumetype: none”表示distribute卷

(3)、创建pvc(heketi-pvc.yaml)

apiVersion: v1kind: PersistentVolumeClaimmetadata:  name: heketi-pvc  annotations:    volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: heketi-storageclassspec:  accessModes:  - ReadWriteOnce  resources:    requests:      storage: 1Gi

(4)、查看sc和pvc的信息

# kubectl get scNAME                  PROVISIONER               RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE   ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGEheketi-storageclass   kubernetes.io/glusterfs   Delete          Immediate           false                  6m53s# kubectl get pvcNAME            STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS          AGEglusterfs-pvc   Bound    glusterfs-pv                               5Mi        RWX                                  26hheketi-pvc      Bound    pvc-0feb8666-6e7f-451d-ae6f-7f205206b225   1Gi        RWO            heketi-storageclass   82s

(5)、创建Pod挂载pvc(heketi-pod.yaml)

kind: PodapiVersion: v1metadata:  name: heketi-podspec:  containers:  - name: heketi-container    image: busybox    command:    - sleep    - "3600"    volumeMounts:    - name: heketi-volume      mountPath: "/pv-data"      readOnly: false  volumes:  - name: heketi-volume    persistentVolumeClaim:      claimName: heketi-pvc

创建Pod对象并查看结果

# kubectl apply -f heketi-pod.yaml# kubectl get podNAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGEglusterfs    1/1     Running   0          26hheketi-pod   1/1     Running   0          2m55s

在pod中写入文件进行测试

# kubectl exec -it heketi-pod -- /bin/sh/ # cd /pv-data//pv-data # echo "text" > 1111.txt/pv-data # ls1111.txt

在存储节点查看是否有我们在pod中写入的文件

# cd /var/lib/heketi/mounts/vg_bffb11849513dded78f671f64e76750c/brick_6ff640a2d45a7f146a296473e7145ee7[root@k8s-master brick_6ff640a2d45a7f146a296473e7145ee7]# lltotal 0drwxrwsr-x 3 root 2000 40 Feb  7 14:27 brick[root@k8s-master brick_6ff640a2d45a7f146a296473e7145ee7]# cd brick/[root@k8s-master brick]# lltotal 4-rw-r--r-- 2 root 2000 5 Feb  7 14:27 1111.txt


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