Android(安卓)Binder------ServiceManager启动分析

ServiceManager启动分析
简述：　　ServiceManager是一个全局的manager、调用了Jni函数，实现addServicew getService checkService listService等函数， Server进程先注册一些service到SercviceManager中。 Client想获得一些service，就要到Service中去获取该Service。这样，Server和Client之间就可以进行通讯了， Server和Client之间的通讯都是通过Binder进行的。 三步走： 1.初始化Binder通讯环境，打开Binder设备，并映射内存。 2.注册自身为上下文管理者（context_manager） 3.进入无限循环的looping！！！ 详细过程： 1 ，启动入口一个标准的 main函数！

int main(int argc, char **argv){//记录serviceManager的状态struct binder_state *bs;void *svcmgr = BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER;//用于打开binder设备 用于打开设备 后把设备映射到内存时申请的内存大小128*1024bs = binder_open(128*1024);//注册自身为上下文管理者（context_manager）if (binder_become_context_manager(bs)) {ALOGE("cannot become context manager (%s)\n", strerror(errno));return -1;}svcmgr_handle = svcmgr;//loop无线循环，等待接收IPC同请求binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler);return 0;}

2 bind_open函数。用来打开binder设备。 call by1

struct binder_state *binder_open(unsigned mapsize){struct binder_state *bs;bs = malloc(sizeof(*bs));if (!bs) {errno = ENOMEM;return 0;}bs->fd = open("/dev/binder", O_RDWR);//打开binder设备if (bs->fd < 0) {fprintf(stderr,"binder: cannot open device (%s)\n",strerror(errno));goto fail_open;}bs->mapsize = mapsize;//bs是用来保存open 和mmap的返回信息bs->mapped = mmap(NULL, mapsize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, bs->fd, 0);//进行内存映射，返回的映射区的起始地址给bs->mappedif (bs->mapped == MAP_FAILED) {//映射失败吹里逻辑fprintf(stderr,"binder: cannot map device (%s)\n",strerror(errno));goto fail_map;}/* TODO: check version */return bs;fail_map://映射失败的 goto处。close(bs->fd);fail_open://打开设备失败的goto处。free(bs);return 0;

3.设置上下文Manager call by1

int binder_become_context_manager(struct binder_state *bs){return ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR, 0);//直接用ioctl函数（ 提供了一种获得设备信息和向设备发送控制参数的手段）来让设备Binder设置上下文}

4.进入loop。 call by 1

void binder_loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func){int res;struct binder_write_read bwr;unsigned readbuf[32];bwr.write_size = 0;bwr.write_consumed = 0;bwr.write_buffer = 0;//设置事务类型，Binder Command 为 BC_ENTER_LOOPERreadbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;//在binder_write中调用了ioctl函数，调用Binder设备的函数，标志serviceManager进入的Loop 状态。binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(unsigned));for (;;) {bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);bwr.read_consumed = 0;bwr.read_buffer = (unsigned) readbuf;//每次循环都进入Binder设备的缓冲区中，看看是否有IPC请求。res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);if (res < 0) {ALOGE("binder_loop: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));break;}//对获取的结果进行解析。res = binder_parse(bs, 0, readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);if (res == 0) {ALOGE("binder_loop: unexpected reply?!\n");break;}if (res < 0) {ALOGE("binder_loop: io error %d %s\n", res, strerror(errno));break;}}}

5.把返回的数据进行解析 call by 4

int binder_parse(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_io *bio,uint32_t *ptr, uint32_t size, binder_handler func){int r = 1;uint32_t *end = ptr + (size / 4);while (ptr < end) {uint32_t cmd = *ptr++;#if TRACEfprintf(stderr,"%s:\n", cmd_name(cmd));#endifswitch(cmd) {case BR_NOOP:break;case BR_TANSACTION_COMPLETE:break;Rcase BR_INCREFS:case BR_ACQUIRE:case BR_RELEASE:case BR_DECREFS:#if TRACEfprintf(stderr," %08x %08x\n", ptr[0], ptr[1]);#endifptr += 2;break;case BR_TRANSACTION: {struct binder_txn *txn = (void *) ptr;if ((end - ptr) * sizeof(uint32_t) < sizeof(struct binder_txn)) {ALOGE("parse: txn too small!\n");return -1;}binder_dump_txn(txn);if (func) {unsigned rdata[256/4];struct binder_io msg;//struct binder_io reply;//回复信息的结构体int res;bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4);//数据的初始化bio_init_from_txn(&msg, txn);//fun函数中会进行事务最终的处理，add Service find service 注册 serviceres = func(bs, txn, &msg, &reply);binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data, res);}ptr += sizeof(*txn) / sizeof(uint32_t);break;}case BR_REPLY: {struct binder_txn *txn = (void*) ptr;if ((end - ptr) * sizeof(uint32_t) < sizeof(struct binder_txn)) {ALOGE("parse: reply too small!\n");return -1;}binder_dump_txn(txn);if (bio) {bio_init_from_txn(bio, txn);bio = 0;} else {/* todo FREE BUFFER */}ptr += (sizeof(*txn) / sizeof(uint32_t));r = 0;break;

6 在该函数中会对事务进行相应的出路 callby 5

int svcmgr_handler(struct binder_state *bs,struct binder_txn *txn,struct binder_io *msg,struct binder_io *reply){struct svcinfo *si;uint16_t *s;unsigned len;void *ptr;uint32_t strict_policy;int allow_isolated;// ALOGI("target=%p code=%d pid=%d uid=%d\n",// txn->target, txn->code, txn->sender_pid, txn->sender_euid);if (txn->target != svcmgr_handle)return -1;// Equivalent to Parcel::enforceInterface(), reading the RPC// header with the strict mode policy mask and the interface name.// Note that we ignore the strict_policy and don't propagate it// further (since we do no outbound RPCs anyway).strict_policy = bio_get_uint32(msg);s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);if ((len != (sizeof(svcmgr_id) / 2)) ||memcmp(svcmgr_id, s, sizeof(svcmgr_id))) {fprintf(stderr,"invalid id %s\n", str8(s));return -1;}switch(txn->code) {case SVC_MGR_GET_SERVICE:case SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE:s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);//查找相应的serviceptr = do_find_service(bs, s, len, txn->sender_euid);//call 7if (!ptr)break;bio_put_ref(reply, ptr);return 0;case SVC_MGR_ADD_SERVICE:s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);ptr = bio_get_ref(msg);allow_isolated = bio_get_uint32(msg) ? 1 : 0;//add service 进行service的注册。if (do_add_service(bs, s, len, ptr, txn->sender_euid, allow_isolated))return -1;break;case SVC_MGR_LIST_SERVICES: {unsigned n = bio_get_uint32(msg);si = svclist;while ((n-- > 0) && si)si = si->next;if (si) {bio_put_string16(reply, si->name);return 0;}return -1;}default:ALOGE("unknown code %d\n", txn->code);return -1;}bio_put_uint32(reply, 0);return 0;}

7 查找service call by 6

void *do_find_service(struct binder_state *bs, uint16_t *s, unsigned len, unsigned uid){struct svcinfo *si;//最终的查找函数了si = find_svc(s, len);// ALOGI("check_service('%s') ptr = %p\n", str8(s), si ? si->ptr : 0);if (si && si->ptr) {if (!si->allow_isolated) {// If this service doesn't allow access from isolated processes,// then check the uid to see if it is isolated.unsigned appid = uid % AID_USER;if (appid >= AID_ISOLATED_START && appid <= AID_ISOLATED_END) {return 0;}}return si->ptr;} else {return 0;}}

8 最终的findservice动作是在这里结束 callby 7

struct svcinfo *find_svc(uint16_t *s16, unsigned len){struct svcinfo *si;//svcinfo就是一个链表的node数据结构，存放了service的信息//svclist存放了所有已经注册的了的 service，这里进行遍历，通过mencmp进行匹配for (si = svclist; si; si = si->next) {if ((len == si->len) &&!memcmp(s16, si->name, len * sizeof(uint16_t))) {return si;}}return 0;}

9 注册服务 callby 6

int do_add_service(struct binder_state *bs,uint16_t *s, unsigned len,void *ptr, unsigned uid, int allow_isolated){struct svcinfo *si;//ALOGI("add_service('%s',%p,%s) uid=%d\n", str8(s), ptr,// allow_isolated ? "allow_isolated" : "!allow_isolated", uid);if (!ptr || (len == 0) || (len > 127))return -1;//验证UID是否有添加服务的权限。if (!svc_can_register(uid, s)) {ALOGE("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d - PERMISSION DENIED\n",str8(s), ptr, uid);return -1;}//判断服务是否存在，存在就不进行重复注册了。si = find_svc(s, len);if (si) {if (si->ptr) {ALOGE("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d - ALREADY REGISTERED, OVERRIDE\n",str8(s), ptr, uid);svcinfo_death(bs, si);}si->ptr = ptr;} else {//不存在则为心注册的服务分配内存si = malloc(sizeof(*si) + (len + 1) * sizeof(uint16_t));if (!si) {//分配内存失败ALOGE("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d - OUT OF MEMORY\n",str8(s), ptr, uid);return -1;}//为注册的服务的 scvinfo 结构体赋值，si->ptr = ptr;si->len = len;memcpy(si->name, s, (len + 1) * sizeof(uint16_t));si->name[len] = '\0';si->death.func = svcinfo_death;si->death.ptr = si;si->allow_isolated = allow_isolated;//可见list的插入可以头插入法。si->next = svclist;svclist = si;}binder_acquire(bs, ptr);binder_link_to_death(bs, ptr, &si->death);return 0;}

10 判断当前uid是否具有注册service的权限，没有就拒绝 callby9

int svc_can_register(unsigned uid, uint16_t *name){unsigned n;if ((uid == 0) || (uid == AID_SYSTEM))//uid=0为root用户， AID_SYSTEM为系统 servicereturn 1;//遍历允许注册service的进程数组for (n = 0; n < sizeof(allowed) / sizeof(allowed[0]); n++)if ((uid == allowed[n].uid) && str16eq(name, allowed[n].name))return 1;return 0;}

允许注册服务的进程列表（如果自定义rom自己增加系统服务，就可以在这里增加以获得权限啦）

static struct { unsigned uid; const char *name; } allowed[] = { { AID_MEDIA, "media.audio_flinger" }, { AID_MEDIA, "media.player" }, { AID_MEDIA, "media.camera" }, { AID_MEDIA, "media.audio_policy" }, { AID_DRM, "drm.drmManager" }, { AID_NFC, "nfc" }, { AID_RADIO, "radio.phone" }, { AID_RADIO, "radio.sms" }, { AID_RADIO, "radio.phonesubinfo" }, { AID_RADIO, "radio.simphonebook" }, /* TODO: remove after phone services are updated: */ { AID_RADIO, "phone" }, { AID_RADIO, "sip" }, { AID_RADIO, "isms" }, { AID_RADIO, "iphonesubinfo" }, { AID_RADIO, "simphonebook" }, { AID_MEDIA, "common_time.clock" }, { AID_MEDIA, "common_time.config" }, };

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