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        作为一个刚接触android不久的小白,对于通过gridview来加载大量图片的性能问题的解决也是比较曲折的。之前写过一篇弱应用的使用场景,介绍了通过异步线程和缓存加载图片http://blog.csdn.net/guduyishuai/article/details/54616201。但是性能还是有些慢的,现在发现android缩略图的功能,结合之前异步线程和缓存来加载图片,这种方式的性能可以接受了。目前测试上千张图片,二十来个视频都是没问题的。

        先看一下效果:

       

        先梳理一下知识点。

        1、android自带的缩略图功能概述

               android自带了媒体扫描服务MEDIA_SCANNER,该服务通过扫描媒体文件,进行如下操作。

               a、更新媒体表的数据,包括缩略图,图片,视频,音频

               b、创建缩略图到/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera/.thumbnails,该文件夹可能是隐藏文件夹

               问题点:a、关于MEDIA_SCANNER的启动时机不太清楚,也没有查询到相关资料。不过可以手动启动

                               b、目前在华为上测试,MEDIA_SCANNER执行后确实更新了除缩略图表以外的数据库表,但是缩略图的数据库表未更新也未生成缩略图。

                                     对于视频,在第一次播放后会自动更新缩略图的数据库表,生成缩略图。

                                     对于图片,未找到更新的时机。

       2、Thumbnails类

              该类提供了获取缩略图的一系列方法,可以在该类中找到媒体数据库表的表名,字段名。然后可以通过对数据库的查询获得相应信息。

              看一下的相关表名和字段吧

              a、图片

                     表名:Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

                     字段:Thumbnails._ID, Thumbnails.IMAGE_ID,Thumbnails.DATA

             b、视频

                    表名:MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

                    字段:MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails._ID, MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.VIDEO_ID, MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.DATA

       3、Media类

             同Thumbnails类,不同的是提供的是图片的相应信息

             表名:Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

             字段:Media._ID, Media.BUCKET_ID,Media.PICASA_ID, Media.DATA, Media.DISPLAY_NAME, Media.TITLE,Media.SIZE, Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME

       4、MediaStore类

            同Media类,提供了更丰富的媒体信息,包括了视频,音频

            视频表名:MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

                    字段:MediaStore.Video.Media._ID,MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_ID,MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA, MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME,
                                MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE,MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE, MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME,MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE

       5、ThumbnailUtils类

             该类提供了手动创建缩略图的方法

             图片:Bitmap ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(Bitmap source,int width, int height)

                         Bitmap ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(Bitmap source,int width, int height, int options)

             视频:BitmapThumbnailUtils.createVideoThumbnail(String filePath, int kind)

       6、ImageLoader工具

             该工具为第三方开源图片加载工具,思路也是多线程异步加载,提供多种缓存机制,包括弱引用缓存,其他多种算法的缓存。高可配置化。在这里就不多做介绍。


       再梳理一下思路

        1、拍照和视频录制后

               执行MEDIA_SCANNER服务。

               注意:这个时候不能保证生成缩略图,因此我们需要自己建立一个缩略图

       2、打开相册

              通过查询数据库,获得图片,视频的缩略图路径,图片,视频的原始路径

              通过多线程加载图片,由于生成缩略图的时机不可把握(也可能是华为系统的问题,在MEDIA_SCANNER服务后不生成缩略图)。另外,如果是视频缩略图,这里加了水印对图片缩略图进行区分。因此思路如下

              a、如果是视频

                    a.1、如果存在系统缩略图,不存在本地缩略图(非本app录制的视频)

                              取出系统缩略图,加上水印,保存到自带缩略图

                              加载本地缩略图

                    a.2、否则

                              加载本地缩略图

              b、如果是图片

                    a.1、存在本地缩略图

                        a.1.1、需要判断图片是否进行修改(因为相册图片修改后,保存时原图片名会在一定时机变为"原图名_#",#表示数字,也可能是华为系统的特例,尚未验证)

                            a.1.1.1、图片已经修改

                                 a.1.1.1.1、存在原文件名的本地缩略图

                                         更新为新文件名

                                         加载本地缩略图

                                 a.1.1.1.2、不存在原文件名的缩略图(非本app拍摄的图片)

                                         创建本地缩略图

                                         加载本地缩略图

                           a.1.1.2、图片未修改

                                a.1.1.2.1、存在系统缩略图

                                         加载系统缩略图

                                a.1.1.2.2、不存在系统缩略图

                                         创建本地缩略图

                                         加载本地缩略图

             a.2、存在本地缩略图

                       加载本地缩略图


            还有一种简单的算法,如果不存在本地缩略图,直接创建本地缩略图。但是这样带来的问题是,如果存在大量的非本app拍摄的图片和视频,那么在第一次加载时,由于大量IO操作会对系统造成阻塞。使用了异步任务也是如此。所以才使用了以上算法。

           

             3、修改图片后

                   更新本地缩略图,执行MEDIA_SCANNER服务(这里其实还存在一个问题,如果是其他应用修改了图片,本地缩略图不会及时更新。解决办法可能需要一个server进行扫描。这样的话,其实就是MEDIA_SCANNER服务该做的事情啊。问题是MEDIA_SCANNER服务玩忽职守,可能是华为系统的原因)


            最后,看一下关键代码:

            调用MEDIA_SCANNER服务

           

Intent scanIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE);scanIntent.setData(Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath)));context.sendBroadcast(scanIntent);

           对图片生成本地缩略图
public static void thumbnail(Activity context,String folder,String path,String fileName){    Bitmap source = BitmapUtil.getCompressBitmap(context, path,1);Bitmap thumb=ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(source, 96, 96, ThumbnailUtils.OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT);File thumbnailFolder=new File(folder);if(!thumbnailFolder.exists()){thumbnailFolder.mkdirs();}path=folder+"/"+fileName;BitmapUtil.store(thumb, new File(path));    }

           对视频生成本地缩略图

public static void thumbnailVideo(Activity context,String folder,String path,String fileName){    Bitmap thumb=ThumbnailUtils.createVideoThumbnail(path, 96);    Drawable drawable = context.getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.video_recorder);    Bitmap waterMark=drawableToBitmap(drawable);    thumb=waterMark(thumb,waterMark);File thumbnailFolder=new File(folder);if(!thumbnailFolder.exists()){thumbnailFolder.mkdirs();}path=folder+"/"+fileName;BitmapUtil.store(thumb, new File(path));}

            存储图片

public static void store(Bitmap bitmap,File file){    OutputStream fos=null;    try{    fos = new FileOutputStream(file);    bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, fos);    }catch(Exception e){    e.printStackTrace();    }finally{    try {fos.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}    }}

          相册类

public class ImageBucket {public int count = 0;public String bucketName;public List imageList;}

         图片和视频信息类

public class ImageItem implements Serializable,Comparable{private static final long serialVersionUID = -6304538407773729848L;public String imageId;public String imageName;public String thumbnailPath;public String imagePath;public boolean isVideo=false;public boolean isSelected = false;@Overridepublic int compareTo(ImageItem imageItem) {return imageItem.imageId.compareTo(this.imageId);}}

        获得图片和视频的相关信息

public void init(Context context){ if(AlbumUtil.bucketList!=null || !AlbumUtil.bucketList.isEmpty()){AlbumUtil.bucketList=null;System.gc();AlbumUtil.bucketList=new HashMap();}getThumbnail(context);getImage();getVideo();Set key=AlbumUtil.bucketList.keySet();    for(String k : key){    ImageBucket ib=AlbumUtil.bucketList.get(k);    Collections.sort(ib.imageList);    }}

private void getImage(){// 构造相册索引String columns[] = new String[] { Media._ID, Media.BUCKET_ID,Media.PICASA_ID, Media.DATA, Media.DISPLAY_NAME, Media.TITLE,Media.SIZE, Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME };cr.delete(Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, Media._ID+"=?", new String[]{"55701"});// 得到一个游标Cursor cur = cr.query(Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, columns, null, null,null);if (cur.moveToFirst()) {// 获取指定列的索引int photoIDIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media._ID);int photoPathIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.DATA);int photoNameIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.DISPLAY_NAME);int photoTitleIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.TITLE);int photoSizeIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.SIZE);int bucketDisplayNameIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME);int bucketIdIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.BUCKET_ID);int picasaIdIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.PICASA_ID);// 获取图片总数int totalNum = cur.getCount();do {String _id = cur.getString(photoIDIndex);String name = cur.getString(photoNameIndex);String path = cur.getString(photoPathIndex);if(!path.contains(DEFAULT_PIC_DIR)){continue;}String title = cur.getString(photoTitleIndex);String size = cur.getString(photoSizeIndex);String bucketName = cur.getString(bucketDisplayNameIndex);String bucketId = cur.getString(bucketIdIndex);String picasaId = cur.getString(picasaIdIndex);Log.d(TAG, name);if(name.contains("0207")){System.out.println();}ImageBucket bucket = bucketList.get(bucketId);if (bucket == null) {bucket = new ImageBucket();bucketList.put(bucketId, bucket);bucket.imageList = new ArrayList();bucket.bucketName = bucketName;}bucket.count++;ImageItem imageItem = new ImageItem();imageItem.imageId = _id;imageItem.imageName = name;imageItem.imagePath = path;imageItem.thumbnailPath = thumbnailList.get(_id);bucket.imageList.add(imageItem);} while (cur.moveToNext());}Iterator> itr = bucketList.entrySet().iterator();while (itr.hasNext()) {Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) itr.next();ImageBucket bucket = entry.getValue();Log.d(TAG, entry.getKey() + ", " + bucket.bucketName + ", "+ bucket.count + " ---------- ");for (int i = 0; i < bucket.imageList.size(); ++i) {ImageItem image = bucket.imageList.get(i);Log.d(TAG, "----- " + image.imageId + ", " + image.imagePath+ ", " + image.thumbnailPath);}}//hasBuildImagesBucketList = true;}private void getVideo(){String[] columns = new String[] {MediaStore.Video.Media._ID,MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_ID,MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA, MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE,MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE, MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME,MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE }; Cursor cur = cr.query(MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, columns, null, null, MediaStore.Video.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);if (cur.moveToFirst()) {// 获取指定列的索引int photoIDIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media._ID);int photoPathIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA);int photoNameIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME);int photoTitleIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE);int photoSizeIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE);int bucketDisplayNameIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME);int bucketIdIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_ID);// 获取视频总数int totalNum = cur.getCount();do {String _id = cur.getString(photoIDIndex);String name = cur.getString(photoNameIndex);String path = cur.getString(photoPathIndex);if(!path.contains(DEFAULT_PIC_DIR)){continue;}String title = cur.getString(photoTitleIndex);String size = cur.getString(photoSizeIndex);String bucketName = cur.getString(bucketDisplayNameIndex);String bucketId = cur.getString(bucketIdIndex);ImageBucket bucket = bucketList.get(bucketId);if (bucket == null) {bucket = new ImageBucket();bucketList.put(bucketId, bucket);bucket.imageList = new ArrayList();bucket.bucketName = bucketName;}bucket.count++;ImageItem imageItem = new ImageItem();imageItem.imageId = _id;imageItem.imageName = title+".jpg";imageItem.imagePath = path;imageItem.thumbnailPath = thumbnailList.get(_id);imageItem.isVideo=true;bucket.imageList.add(imageItem);} while (cur.moveToNext());}Iterator> itr = bucketList.entrySet().iterator();while (itr.hasNext()) {Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) itr.next();ImageBucket bucket = entry.getValue();Log.d(TAG, entry.getKey() + ", " + bucket.bucketName + ", "+ bucket.count + " ---------- ");for (int i = 0; i < bucket.imageList.size(); ++i) {ImageItem image = bucket.imageList.get(i);Log.d(TAG, "----- " + image.imageId + ", " + image.imagePath+ ", " + image.thumbnailPath);}}}/** * 得到缩略图 */private void getThumbnail(Context context) {String[] projection = { Thumbnails._ID, Thumbnails.IMAGE_ID,Thumbnails.DATA};cr = context.getContentResolver();Cursor cursor = cr.query(Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, projection,null, null, null);getThumbnailColumnData(cursor,false);String[] VideoThumbColumns = new String[]{  MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails._ID, MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.VIDEO_ID, MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.DATA};  cursor = cr.query(MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, VideoThumbColumns,null, null, null);getThumbnailColumnData(cursor,true);}/** * 从数据库中得到缩略图 *  * @param cur */private void getThumbnailColumnData(Cursor cur,boolean isVideo) {if (cur.moveToFirst()) {int _id;int image_id;String image_path;if(isVideo){int _idColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails._ID);int image_idColumn = cur.getColumnIndex( MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.VIDEO_ID);int dataColumn = cur.getColumnIndex( MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.DATA);do {_id = cur.getInt(_idColumn);image_id = cur.getInt(image_idColumn);image_path = cur.getString(dataColumn);thumbnailList.put("" + image_id, image_path);} while (cur.moveToNext());}else{int _idColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(Thumbnails._ID);int image_idColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(Thumbnails.IMAGE_ID);int dataColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(Thumbnails.DATA);do {_id = cur.getInt(_idColumn);image_id = cur.getInt(image_idColumn);image_path = cur.getString(dataColumn);thumbnailList.put("" + image_id, image_path);} while (cur.moveToNext());}}}

  
public static List getPicsAndVideo(){if(pics==null || pics.isEmpty() || isRefresh){pics=new ArrayList();Set key=AlbumUtil.bucketList.keySet();    for(String k : key){    ImageBucket ib=AlbumUtil.bucketList.get(k);    List its=ib.imageList;    for(ImageItem it : its){    pics.add(it.imagePath);    }    }}return pics;}

                多线程异步加载图片

@Overridepublic View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {int windowWidth = ((Activity) context).getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();        int pad = 4;        ImageView imageView;        if(convertView == null){            imageView = new ImageView(context);        }        else{            imageView = (ImageView)convertView;        }        //判断是否有线程在加载该图片,或者该imageView的图片已经改变        /*        if (cancelPotentialLoad(fullPathImg.get(position), imageView)) {              AsyncLoadImageTask task = new AsyncLoadImageTask(imageView);              LoadedDrawable loadedDrawable = new LoadedDrawable(task);              imageView.setLayoutParams(new GridView.LayoutParams((windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4, (windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4));        imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_CROP);            imageView.setImageDrawable(loadedDrawable);              task.execute(position);          }         */                File cacheDir = StorageUtils.getOwnCacheDirectory(context, "imageloader/Cache");                DisplayImageOptions options = new DisplayImageOptions.Builder()          .cacheInMemory(true)          .cacheOnDisc(true)        .bitmapConfig(Bitmap.Config.RGB_565)          .showStubImage(R.drawable.line)        .showImageForEmptyUri(R.drawable.line)        .showImageOnFail(R.drawable.line)        .imageScaleType(ImageScaleType.EXACTLY)         .build();                      ImageLoaderConfiguration config = new ImageLoaderConfiguration.Builder(context)        .defaultDisplayImageOptions(options)        .memoryCache(new LruMemoryCache(12 * 1024 * 1024))        .memoryCacheSize(12 * 1024 * 1024)        .discCache(new UnlimitedDiscCache(cacheDir))        .discCacheSize(128 * 1024 * 1024)        .threadPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY - 2)        .denyCacheImageMultipleSizesInMemory()        .tasksProcessingOrder(QueueProcessingType.LIFO)        .writeDebugLogs()        .build();                       imageView.setLayoutParams(new GridView.LayoutParams((windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4, (windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4));    imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_CROP);    Set key=AlbumUtil.bucketList.keySet();    String url="";    for(String k : key){    List items=AlbumUtil.bucketList.get(k).imageList;    String path=items.get(position).imagePath;    String thumbnail=items.get(position).thumbnailPath;    boolean isVideo=items.get(position).isVideo;    if(isVideo){    Log.d(TAG,"----------video---------"+items.get(position).imagePath);    if(thumbnail!=null && !thumbnail.equals("")){    //使用其他工具录制的视频,需要在缩略图上增加水印    AddThumbnailWarterMarkTask addThumbnailWarterMarkTask=new AddThumbnailWarterMarkTask();    addThumbnailWarterMarkTask.doInBackground(new String[]{items.get(position).imageName,path});    url=Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+items.get(position).imageName;    }    else{    //video使用加了水印的缩略图    url=Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+items.get(position).imageName;    }    }    else{    //由于系统更新缩略图的时机完全不可捕捉,也或者是华为为了省电在媒体扫描后不更新缩略图,    //所以弃用系统缩略图,全部使用自己生成的缩略图    //但是一次性生成缩略图会使第一次打开相册较慢,所以逐步替换    /*    if(thumbnail!=null && !thumbnail.equals("")){    Log.d(TAG,"缩略图");    //已经生成缩略图后,删除非系统生成的缩略图    DeleteThumbnailTask deleteThumbnailTask=new DeleteThumbnailTask();    deleteThumbnailTask.doInBackground(items.get(position).imageName);    url=thumbnail;    }else{    Log.d(TAG,"原图");    //不知道缩略图在什么时候生成,如果未生成,使用之前手动生成的缩略图    path=Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+items.get(position).imageName;    //相册文件修改后,在媒体扫描服务执行后,会对文件名进行修改,此时需要更新缩略图    File thumbnailFile=new File(path);    if(!thumbnailFile.exists()){    String name=items.get(position).imageName;    String orginalThumbnailName=name.substring(0,name.lastIndexOf("_"))+".jpg";    thumbnailFile=new File(Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+orginalThumbnailName);    thumbnailFile.renameTo(new File(path));    }    url=path;    }    */    path=Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+items.get(position).imageName;    //相册文件修改后,在媒体扫描服务执行后,会对文件名进行修改,此时需要更新缩略图    File thumbnailFile=new File(path);    //不存在自己建立的缩略图    if(!thumbnailFile.exists()){    String name=items.get(position).imageName;    //由于相册图片修改造成的缩略图失效    if(name.split("_").length>3){    String orginalThumbnailName=name.substring(0,name.lastIndexOf("_"))+".jpg";    thumbnailFile=new File(Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+orginalThumbnailName);    if(thumbnailFile.exists()){    thumbnailFile.renameTo(new File(path));    }else{    //创建缩略图    CreateThumbnailTask createThumbnailTask=new CreateThumbnailTask();        createThumbnailTask.doInBackground(new String[]{items.get(position).imagePath,name});    }    url=path;    }else{    if(thumbnail!=null && !thumbnail.equals("")){    //系统缩略图    url=thumbnail;    }    else{    //创建缩略图    CreateThumbnailTask createThumbnailTask=new CreateThumbnailTask();        createThumbnailTask.doInBackground(new String[]{items.get(position).imagePath,name});        url=path;    }    }    }else{    url=path;    }    }    }    /*        String url=fullPathImg.get(position);           */        String imageUrl = Scheme.FILE.wrap(url);          ImageLoader.getInstance().displayImage(imageUrl, imageView, options);                  /*        imageView.setLayoutParams(new GridView.LayoutParams((windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4, (windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4));    imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_CROP);    String url=fullPathImg.get(position);       imageView.setImageBitmap(BitmapUtil.getCompressBitmap((Activity) context, url,100));        */                return imageView;}

private class CreateThumbnailTask extends AsyncTask{@Overrideprotected Boolean doInBackground(String... args) {BitmapUtil.thumbnail((Activity) context,Info.THUMBNAIL,args[0],args[1]);return true;}}

private class AddThumbnailWarterMarkTask extends AsyncTask{@Overrideprotected Boolean doInBackground(String... args) {File file=new File(Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+args[0]);if(!file.exists()){BitmapUtil.thumbnailVideo((Activity) context,Info.THUMBNAIL,args[1],args[0]);}return true;}}


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