Android(安卓)进程管理

在Android中，进程（process）的概念被弱化，传统的进程是程序执行的载体，进程退出意味着应用的关闭。但是在Android中进程知识一个运行组件的容器，当系统需要运行一个组件时，启动包含它的进程，当组件不在使用时，进程也会被关闭。例如一个APK文件中的两个service，可以运行在一个进程中，也可以运行在各自的进程中。
虽然在Android的应用开发中，不再强调进程的概念，但是在AMS中，还必须管理和调度进程，AMS对进程的管理，主要体现在两方面：一是动态的调整进程在mLruProcesss列表的位置，二是调整进程oom_adj的值，这两项调整和系统进行自动内存回收有关。当内存不足时，系统会关闭一些进程来释放内存。
系统主要根据进程的oom_adj值来挑选要杀死的进程，oom_adj值越大表示进程越可能被杀死。

1. 启动进程
AMS中启动一个进程调用的是addAppLocked()方法，代码如下：

final ProcessResord addAppLocked（ApplicationInfo info, boolean isolated）{  ProcessRecord app;   //isolated为true表示要启动一个新进程  if(!isolated){      app=getProcessResordLocked(info.processName,info.uid,true);                                                                                          }else{     app=null;   }   if(app=null){       //创建一个ProcessRecord对象       app=newProcessRecordLocked(info,null,0);       mProcessNames.put(info.processName,app.uid,app);       if(isolated){           mIsolatedProcesses.put(app.uid,app);       }       updateLruProcessLocked(app,false,null);       updateOomAdjLocked();   }   .....  if(app.thred==null&&mPersistentStartingProcesses.indexOf(app)<0){          mPersistentStartingProcesses.add(app);       //启动进程       startProcessLocked(app,"added application",app.processName           abiOverride,null /*entryPoint */,null /*entryPointArgs */);  }  return app;}

addAppLocked()方法会根据参数参数isolated来决定是否启动一个新进程，如果isoated为true，即使系统中可能已经有一个同名的进程存在，也会再创建一个新锦成。getProcessRecordLocked()方法用来当前运行的进程列表查找进程。newProcessRecordLocked()方法用来创建一个ProcessRecord的数据结构。updateLruProcessLocked方法用来更新运行进程的状态，updateOomAdjLocked()方法用来更新进程的优先级，这两个方法是Process的管理核心。
首先看看startProcessLocked()是启动进程的方法，看看它的代码:

private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app,String hostingType,String abiOverride){    if(app.pid>0&&app.pid!=MY_PID){         synchronized(mpidSelfLocked){         mPidSelfLocked.remove(app.pid);//把进程id先移除，防止重复         //把消息PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG也清除         mHandler.removeMessages(PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG,app);         }         app.setpid(0);    }    mProcessOnHold.remove(app);    ......    try{        final int uid=app.uid;        int[] gids=null;        intmountExternal=zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE;        if(!app.isolate){            int [] permGids=null;            try{                 final PackageManager                          pm=mContext.getPackagesManager();                 //检查进程权限，确定它是否能看见所有用户的存储空间                 if(Enviroment.isExternalStorageEmulated()){                    if(pm.checkPermission(.....)){             mountExternal=Zygote.MOUNTEXTERNAL_MULTIUSER_ALL;                    else{                      mountExternal=Zygote.MOUNTEXTERNAL_MULTIUSER;                    }                              }                 }catch (PackageManager.NameNotFountException e){.}            }            ......            //启动应用            Process.ProcessStartResult startResult=Process.start(                app.processName,uid,uid,gids,debugFlags,                mountExternal,app.info.targetSdkVersion,                app.info.seinfo,requiredAbi,instructionSet,                app.infodataDir,entryPointArgs)                .....            synchornized(mPidSelfLocked){               //发送一个定时消息，时间到应用还没启动完成就会出现ANR               this.mPidSelfLocked.put(startResult.pid,app);               if(isActivityProcess){                  Message msg=mHandler.obtainMessage(                  PROC_START_TIME_OUT_MSG);                  msg.obj=app;                  mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg,startResult                  .usingWrapper?PROC_START_WITH_WRAPPER:                  PROC_STRAT_TIMEOUT);               }            }          }catch(RuntimeException e){            app.setpid(0);            mBatteryStatsService.noteProcessFinish(            app.processName,app.info.uid);            if(app.isolated){                mBatteryStatsService.removeIsolatedUid(                app.uid,app.info.uid);            }        }    }}

startProcessLocked()方法的流程是，准备好启动应用的参数，调用Process类的start来启动进程，启动进程后AMS给自己发送了一个PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG的消息，来防止进程启动超时。如果start()函数返回的结果中usingWrapper的值为true，超时时间设为1200秒。
static final int PROC_START_TIMEOUT_WITH_WRAPPER=1200*1000;
否则超时时间设为10秒。
static final int PROC_START_TIMEOUT=10*1000；
如果时间到了，但是进程还没启动完成，AMS将弹出发生ANR的对话框。

2. 调整进程的位置
AMS的代码中经常调用updateLruProcessLocked()方法来调整某个进程在mLruProcesses列表的位置，mLruProcess是最近使用进程列表（List Of Recent Using的缩写）。每当进程的Activity或者Service发生变化时，意味着进程活动发生了活动，因此，调用这个方法将调整到尽可能最高的位置，同时还要更新关联进程的位置。在mLruProcesses列表中，最近活动的进程总是位于最高位置。同时拥有Activity的进程的位置总是高于只有Service的进程位置。
AMS的成员变量mLruProcessActivityStart和mLruProcessServiceStart分别指向位置最高的、带有Activity进程和没有Activity进程。
updateLruProcessLocked()方法的代码如下：

final void updateLruProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app,boolean activityChange, ProcessRecord client){    //app.activities.size()大于0,表示本进程有活动的Activity。    //app.hasClientActivities的值为true，表示绑定了本进程的Service的    //客户进程有活动的Activity    //treatLikeActivity表示Service启动时带有标记BIND_TREAT_LIKE_ACTVITY    final boolean hasActivity=app.activities.size()>0    ||app.hasClientActivities||treatLikeActivity;    final boolean hasService=false;    if(!activityChange&&hasActivity){        //如果ProcessRecord对象已经有了Activity        //再调用本方法，除非是Activity发生变化了才要        return;    }    mLruSeq++;    final long now=SystenClock.uptimeMillis();    app.lastActivityTime=now;//更新lastActivityTime中的时间    if(hasActivity){       //如果进程已经初始化，而且在mLruProcesses列表位置也是最后一项       //这样也没什么可做的，退出       final int N=mLruProcesses.size();       if(N>0&&mLruProcesses.get(N-1)==app){           return ;       }     }else{        //如果进程中没有Activity，而且应景位于mLruProcesses列表的合适位置，退出        if(mLruProcessServiceStart>0&&mLruProcesses.get(mLruProcessServiceStart-1)==app){            return ;        }   }   int lrui=mLruProcess.lastIndexOf(app);   if(app.persistent&&lrui>=0){       return;//带有persistent标志的进程不需要调整，退出   }   if(lrui>=0){      //如果进程已经存在，先从mLruProceses列表中移除，同时调整mLruProcessActivityStart和mLruProcessServiceStart指向的位置      if(lruiif(lruiint nextIndex;   if(hasActivity){       final int N=mLruProcess.size();       if(app.activities.size()==0&&mLruProcessActivityStart1)){       //进程中没有Activity，但是它的Service客户进程中有Activity       mLruProcesses.add(N-1,app);//将进程插入到最后一项       final int uid=app.info.uid;       //如果从倒数第三项开始连续有进程的uid和插入的进程uid相同，把他们的        位置向上移动       for(int i=N-2;i>mLruProcessActivityStart;i--){         processRecord subProc =mPruProcess.get(i);         if(subProc.info.uid==uid){            if(mLruProcesses.get(i).info.uid!=uid){            mLruProcesses.set(i,mLruProcesses.get(i-1));            mLruProcesses.set(i-1,temp);            i--;            }         }else{            break;         }       }   }  else{          mLruProcesses.add(app);//进程有Activity，加入到最后一项       }      nextIndex=mLruProcessesServiceStart;//关联进程将要插入的位置    }else if(hasService){      .....//hasService总是为False，这段不会执行   }else{      //如果进程中只有Service,将进程插入到mLruProcessServiceStart指向的位置      int index=mLruProcessServiceStart;      if(client!=null){          ......//基本上为null      }      mLruProcess.add(index,app);      nextIndex=index-1;  //关联进程插入的位置      mLruProcessActivityStart++;      mLruProcessServiceStart++;   }   //将和本进程的Service关联的客户进程的位置调整到本进程之后   for(int j=app.connections.size()-1;j>=0;j--){       ConnectionRecord cr=app.connections.valueAt(j);      if(cr.binding!=null&&!crserviceDead          &&cr.binding.service!=null&&cr.binding.service.app        !=null &&cr.binding.service.app.lruSeq!=mLruq        &&!cr.binding.service.app.persistent){         nextIndex=updateLruProcessInternalLocked(         cr.binding.service.app,now,nextIntext,         "service connection",cr,app);        }   }  //将和本进程ContentProvider关联的客户进程的位置调整到本进程之后   for(int j=app.conProviders.size()-1;j>=0;j--){    ContentProviderRecord cpr=app.conProviders.get(j).provider;    if(cpr.proc!=null&&cpr.proc.lruSeq!=mLruSeq    &&!cpr.proc.persistent){       nextIndex=updateLruProcessInternalLocked(         cpr.proc,now,nextIntext,         "provider reference",cpr,app);    }   }}

updateLruProcessLocked()方法中调整进程很重要的一个依据是进程中有没有活动的Activity。除了本身进程存在Activity对象之外，如果和进程中运行的Service相关联的客户进程有Activity，也算进程拥有Activity，这里调整位置的目的是为了将来杀死进程释放内存做准备，如果一个进程关联进程Activity对象存在，那么它的重要性也和真正的和拥有Activity对象的进程相当，如果杀死它，将导致另一个进程出现严重错误，Activity用来显示UI，关系着用户体验，因此尽量不关闭运行Activity组件的进程。
如果一个进程“拥有”Activity，通常会把它插到队列的最高位置，否则，只会把它放到所有没有Activity进程的前面，这个位置正是变量mLruProcessServiceStart所指向的。
调整某个进程的位置之后，还要调整和该进程的关联的位置。进程的关联进程有两种类型：一种是绑定了本进程服务的进程，另一种是连接了本进程的ContentProvider的进程。如果这些进程本身有Activity是不会调整的，需要调整的是那些没有Activity的进程，在updateLruProcessInternalLocked()方法中会执行这种调整，但是，能调整到最高位置也就是mLruProcessServiceStart指向的位置。
updateLruProcessInternalLocked()方法代码如下：

private final int updateLruProcessInternalLocked(ProcessRecord    app,long now,int index,String what,Object obj,ProcessRecord    srcApp){   app.lastActivityTime=now;   if(app.activities.size()>0){       return index;//如果有Activity，不用调整位置。   }   int lrui=mLruProcesses.lastIndexOf(app);   if(lrui<0){      return index;//如果进程不在mLruProcesses中，退出          }   if(lrui>=index){       return index;//如果进程目前的位置高于要调整的位置，退出   }   if(lrui>=mLruProcessActivityStart){      return index; //如果进程目前的位置比有Activity的进程还高，退出   }   //把进程调整到参数index-1的位置   mLruProcesses.remove(this);   if(index>0){   index--;   }   mLruProcesses.add(index,app);   return index;//返回进程的位置}

3. ProcessList的常量
在ProcessList中定义了大量AMS中用到的常量，看看他们的定义

final class ProcessList{   //定义发生crash最小时间间隔，如果进程小于这个时间内发生crash，会被认为坏进程   static final int MIN_CRASH_INTERVAL=60*1000;   //处于某种不可知状态进程的oom_adj值   static final int UNKOWN_ADJ=16;   //cahhed进程的的oom_adj最大和最小值定义   static final int CACHE_APP_MAX_ADJ=15;   static final int CHCHE_APP_MIN_ADJ=9;   //位于B列表的服务进程oom_adj值，位于B列表的都是一些旧的、过时的服务进程   static final int SERVICE_B_ADJ=8;   //当前Activity的前一个Activity所处进程的oom_adj值   static final int PREVIOUS_APP_ADJ=7;   //Home进程oom_adj值   static final int HOME_APP_ADJ=6;   //包含组件Service的进程oom_adj   static final int SERVICE_ADJ=5;   //heavy-weight进程的oom_adj值   static final int HEAVY_WEIGH_APP_ADJ=4;   //正在执行的backup的进程oom_adj值   static final int BACKUP_APP_adj=3;   //不在前台但是包含有用户可感知组件的进程的oom_adj值（例如播放音乐的后台进程）   static final int PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ=2;   //仅包含Activity的可见进程的oom_adj的值   static final int VISIBLE_APP_ADJ=1;   //前台进程的oom_adj值   static final int FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ=0;   //带有PERSISTENT标记而且还有组件Service的进程的oom_adj值   static final int PERSISTENT_SERVICE_ADJ=-11;   //死亡后会重启的PERSISTENT进程oom_adj值   static final int PERSISTENT_PROC_ADJ=-12;   //系统进程oom_adj   static final int SYSTEM_ADJ=-16;   //包含native层代码进程的oom_adj   static final int NATIVE_adj=-17;   //定义内存页面大小为4KB   static final int PACKAGE_SIZE=4*1024;   //系统最少处于cached状态的进程数量   static final int MIN_CACHED_APPS=2;   //系统最大处于cached状态的进程数量   static final int MAX_CACHED_APPS=32;   //定义空进程最大保存时间为30分钟   static final int MAX_EMPTY_TIME=30*60*1000;   //定义最大的空进程数量。它的值为MAX_CACHED_APPS的2/3   static final int MAX_EMPTY_APPS=           computeEmptyProcessLimit(MAX_CACHED_APPS);   //开始内存回收空进程的阈值。系统空进程进程数量低于这个值不会执行内存回收。   static final int TRIM_EMPTY_APPS=MAX_EMPTY_APPS/2;   //开始内存回收cached的阈值。系统cached进程数量低于这个值不会执行内存回收。   static final int TRIM_CACHED_APPS=(MAX_CACHED_APPS-MAX_EMPTY_APPS)/3;    //定义内存回收的oom_adj阈值   private final int mOomAdj=new init[]{      FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ, VISIBLE_APP_ADJ,PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ,      BACKUP_APP_adj,CHCHE_APP_MIN_ADJ,CACHE_APP_MAX_ADJ   };   //定义用于低配置（HVGA或者更低，内存小于512M）设备内存回收阈值   private final int mOomMinFreeLow=new int[]{       12288,18432,24576,       36864,43008,49152   };   //定义高分辨率内存回收阈值   private final int mOonMinFreeHigh=new int []{       73728.92160,110592,       129024,147456,184320   };   ......}

这里先解释空进程和cached进程的概念，如果一个进程不包含任何组件，该进程可以认为是空进程，例如，一个进程只包含一个Activity，当这个Activity销毁后变成一个”空”进程。
当Android结束一个进程时，并不会将一个进程立即从系统删除，而是把它标记为cached进程，当再次启动新进程时，优先会使用cached进程吧，这样会加快启动速度。
4. 调整进程的oom_adj值
AMS中调整进程的oom_adj值的方法是updateOomAdjLocked(),代码如下：

final void updateOomAdjLocked() {        final ActivityRecord TOP_ACT = resumedAppLocked();        final ProcessRecord TOP_APP = TOP_ACT != null ? TOP_ACT.app : null;        final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();        final long nowElapsed = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();        final long oldTime = now - ProcessList.MAX_EMPTY_TIME;        final int N = mLruProcesses.size();        if (false) {            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException();            e.fillInStackTrace();            Slog.i(TAG, "updateOomAdj: top=" + TOP_ACT, e);        }        // Reset state in all uid records.        for (int i=mActiveUids.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {            final UidRecord uidRec = mActiveUids.valueAt(i);            if (false && DEBUG_UID_OBSERVERS) Slog.i(TAG_UID_OBSERVERS,                    "Starting update of " + uidRec);            uidRec.reset();        }        mStackSupervisor.rankTaskLayersIfNeeded();        mAdjSeq++;        mNewNumServiceProcs = 0;        mNewNumAServiceProcs = 0;        final int emptyProcessLimit;        final int cachedProcessLimit;        if (mProcessLimit <= 0) {            emptyProcessLimit = cachedProcessLimit = 0;        } else if (mProcessLimit == 1) {            emptyProcessLimit = 1;            cachedProcessLimit = 0;        } else {            emptyProcessLimit = ProcessList.computeEmptyProcessLimit(mProcessLimit);            cachedProcessLimit = mProcessLimit - emptyProcessLimit;        }        // Let's determine how many processes we have running vs.        // how many slots we have for background processes; we may want        // to put multiple processes in a slot of there are enough of        // them.        int numSlots = (ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ                - ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ + 1) / 2;        int numEmptyProcs = N - mNumNonCachedProcs - mNumCachedHiddenProcs;        if (numEmptyProcs > cachedProcessLimit) {            // If there are more empty processes than our limit on cached            // processes, then use the cached process limit for the factor.            // This ensures that the really old empty processes get pushed            // down to the bottom, so if we are running low on memory we will            // have a better chance at keeping around more cached processes            // instead of a gazillion empty processes.            numEmptyProcs = cachedProcessLimit;        }        int emptyFactor = numEmptyProcs/numSlots;        if (emptyFactor < 1) emptyFactor = 1;        int cachedFactor = (mNumCachedHiddenProcs > 0 ? mNumCachedHiddenProcs : 1)/numSlots;        if (cachedFactor < 1) cachedFactor = 1;        int stepCached = 0;        int stepEmpty = 0;        int numCached = 0;        int numEmpty = 0;        int numTrimming = 0;        mNumNonCachedProcs = 0;        mNumCachedHiddenProcs = 0;        // First update the OOM adjustment for each of the        // application processes based on their current state.        int curCachedAdj = ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ;        int nextCachedAdj = curCachedAdj+1;        int curEmptyAdj = ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ;        int nextEmptyAdj = curEmptyAdj+2;        ProcessRecord selectedAppRecord = null;        long serviceLastActivity = 0;        int numBServices = 0;        for (int i=N-1; i>=0; i--) {            ProcessRecord app = mLruProcesses.get(i);            if (app == null) {                continue;            }            if (mEnableBServicePropagation && app.serviceb                    && (app.curAdj == ProcessList.SERVICE_B_ADJ)) {                numBServices++;                for (int s = app.services.size() - 1; s >= 0; s--) {                    ServiceRecord sr = app.services.valueAt(s);                    if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.d(TAG,"app.processName = " + app.processName                            + " serviceb = " + app.serviceb + " s = " + s + " sr.lastActivity = "                            + sr.lastActivity + " packageName = " + sr.packageName                            + " processName = " + sr.processName);                    if (SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - sr.lastActivity                            < mMinBServiceAgingTime) {                        if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) {                            Slog.d(TAG,"Not aged enough!!!");                        }                        continue;                    }                    if (serviceLastActivity == 0 && app != TOP_APP) {                        serviceLastActivity = sr.lastActivity;                        selectedAppRecord = app;                    } else if (sr.lastActivity < serviceLastActivity && app !=  TOP_APP) {                        serviceLastActivity = sr.lastActivity;                        selectedAppRecord = app;                    }                }            }            if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ && selectedAppRecord != null) Slog.d(TAG,                    "Identified app.processName = " + selectedAppRecord.processName                    + " app.pid = " + selectedAppRecord.pid);            if (!app.killedByAm && app.thread != null) {                app.procStateChanged = false;                computeOomAdjLocked(app, ProcessList.UNKNOWN_ADJ, TOP_APP, true, now);                // If we haven't yet assigned the final cached adj                // to the process, do that now.                if (app.curAdj >= ProcessList.UNKNOWN_ADJ) {                    switch (app.curProcState) {                        case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY:                        case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY_CLIENT:                            // This process is a cached process holding activities...                            // assign it the next cached value for that type, and then                            // step that cached level.                            app.curRawAdj = curCachedAdj;                            app.curAdj = app.modifyRawOomAdj(curCachedAdj);                            if (DEBUG_LRU && false) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Assigning activity LRU #" + i                                    + " adj: " + app.curAdj + " (curCachedAdj=" + curCachedAdj                                    + ")");                            if (curCachedAdj != nextCachedAdj) {                                stepCached++;                                if (stepCached >= cachedFactor) {                                    stepCached = 0;                                    curCachedAdj = nextCachedAdj;                                    nextCachedAdj += 2;                                    if (nextCachedAdj > ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ) {                                        nextCachedAdj = ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ;                                    }                                }                            }                            break;                        default:                            // For everything else, assign next empty cached process                            // level and bump that up.  Note that this means that                            // long-running services that have dropped down to the                            // cached level will be treated as empty (since their process                            // state is still as a service), which is what we want.                            app.curRawAdj = curEmptyAdj;                            app.curAdj = app.modifyRawOomAdj(curEmptyAdj);                            if (DEBUG_LRU && false) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Assigning empty LRU #" + i                                    + " adj: " + app.curAdj + " (curEmptyAdj=" + curEmptyAdj                                    + ")");                            if (curEmptyAdj != nextEmptyAdj) {                                stepEmpty++;                                if (stepEmpty >= emptyFactor) {                                    stepEmpty = 0;                                    curEmptyAdj = nextEmptyAdj;                                    nextEmptyAdj += 2;                                    if (nextEmptyAdj > ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ) {                                        nextEmptyAdj = ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ;                                    }                                }                            }                            break;                    }                }                applyOomAdjLocked(app, true, now, nowElapsed);                // Count the number of process types.                switch (app.curProcState) {                    case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY:                    case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY_CLIENT:                        mNumCachedHiddenProcs++;                        numCached++;                        if (numCached > cachedProcessLimit) {                            app.kill("cached #" + numCached, true);                        }                        break;                    case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY:                        if (numEmpty > ProcessList.TRIM_EMPTY_APPS                                && app.lastActivityTime < oldTime) {                            app.kill("empty for "                                    + ((oldTime + ProcessList.MAX_EMPTY_TIME - app.lastActivityTime)                                    / 1000) + "s", true);                        } else {                            numEmpty++;                            if (numEmpty > emptyProcessLimit) {                                app.kill("empty #" + numEmpty, true);                            }                        }                        break;                    default:                        mNumNonCachedProcs++;                        break;                }                if (app.isolated && app.services.size() <= 0) {                    // If this is an isolated process, and there are no                    // services running in it, then the process is no longer                    // needed.  We agressively kill these because we can by                    // definition not re-use the same process again, and it is                    // good to avoid having whatever code was running in them                    // left sitting around after no longer needed.                    app.kill("isolated not needed", true);                } else {                    // Keeping this process, update its uid.                    final UidRecord uidRec = app.uidRecord;                    if (uidRec != null && uidRec.curProcState > app.curProcState) {                        uidRec.curProcState = app.curProcState;                    }                }                if (app.curProcState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HOME                        && !app.killedByAm) {                    numTrimming++;                }            }        }        if ((numBServices > mBServiceAppThreshold) && (true == mAllowLowerMemLevel)                && (selectedAppRecord != null)) {            ProcessList.setOomAdj(selectedAppRecord.pid, selectedAppRecord.info.uid,                    ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ);            selectedAppRecord.setAdj = selectedAppRecord.curAdj;            if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.d(TAG,"app.processName = " + selectedAppRecord.processName                        + " app.pid = " + selectedAppRecord.pid + " is moved to higher adj");        }        mNumServiceProcs = mNewNumServiceProcs;        // Now determine the memory trimming level of background processes.        // Unfortunately we need to start at the back of the list to do this        // properly.  We only do this if the number of background apps we        // are managing to keep around is less than half the maximum we desire;        // if we are keeping a good number around, we'll let them use whatever        // memory they want.        final int numCachedAndEmpty = numCached + numEmpty;        int memFactor;        if (numCached <= ProcessList.TRIM_CACHED_APPS                && numEmpty <= ProcessList.TRIM_EMPTY_APPS) {            if (numCachedAndEmpty <= ProcessList.TRIM_CRITICAL_THRESHOLD) {                memFactor = ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_CRITICAL;            } else if (numCachedAndEmpty <= ProcessList.TRIM_LOW_THRESHOLD) {                memFactor = ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_LOW;            } else {                memFactor = ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_MODERATE;            }        } else {            memFactor = ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_NORMAL;        }        // We always allow the memory level to go up (better).  We only allow it to go        // down if we are in a state where that is allowed, *and* the total number of processes        // has gone down since last time.        if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.d(TAG_OOM_ADJ, "oom: memFactor=" + memFactor                + " last=" + mLastMemoryLevel + " allowLow=" + mAllowLowerMemLevel                + " numProcs=" + mLruProcesses.size() + " last=" + mLastNumProcesses);        if (memFactor > mLastMemoryLevel) {            if (!mAllowLowerMemLevel || mLruProcesses.size() >= mLastNumProcesses) {                memFactor = mLastMemoryLevel;                if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.d(TAG_OOM_ADJ, "Keeping last mem factor!");            }        }        if (memFactor != mLastMemoryLevel) {            EventLogTags.writeAmMemFactor(memFactor, mLastMemoryLevel);        }        mLastMemoryLevel = memFactor;        mLastNumProcesses = mLruProcesses.size();        boolean allChanged = mProcessStats.setMemFactorLocked(memFactor, !isSleepingLocked(), now);        final int trackerMemFactor = mProcessStats.getMemFactorLocked();        if (memFactor != ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_NORMAL) {            if (mLowRamStartTime == 0) {                mLowRamStartTime = now;            }            int step = 0;            int fgTrimLevel;            switch (memFactor) {                case ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_CRITICAL:                    fgTrimLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_CRITICAL;                    break;                case ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_LOW:                    fgTrimLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_LOW;                    break;                default:                    fgTrimLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_MODERATE;                    break;            }            int factor = numTrimming/3;            int minFactor = 2;            if (mHomeProcess != null) minFactor++;            if (mPreviousProcess != null) minFactor++;            if (factor < minFactor) factor = minFactor;            int curLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_COMPLETE;            for (int i=N-1; i>=0; i--) {                ProcessRecord app = mLruProcesses.get(i);                /* yulong begin add */                /* FEATURE_APP_FREEZE_BACKGROUND */                /* add for app freeze, liuyaxin, 20170519*/                if(ZSFeature.ZEUSIS_FEATURE_APP_FREEZE_BACKGROUND){                    if(app.frozenRemoved){                        Slog.d(TAG, app.info.packageName + " is frozen and no need to scheduleTrimMemory[updateOomAdjLocked memFactor != ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_NORMAL]");                        continue;                    }                }                /* yulong end */                if (allChanged || app.procStateChanged) {                    setProcessTrackerStateLocked(app, trackerMemFactor, now);                    app.procStateChanged = false;                }                if (app.curProcState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HOME                        && !app.killedByAm) {                    if (app.trimMemoryLevel < curLevel && app.thread != null) {                        try {                            if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.v(TAG_OOM_ADJ,                                    "Trimming memory of " + app.processName + " to " + curLevel);                            app.thread.scheduleTrimMemory(curLevel);                        } catch (RemoteException e) {                        }                        if (false) {                            // For now we won't do this; our memory trimming seems                            // to be good enough at this point that destroying                            // activities causes more harm than good.                            if (curLevel >= ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_COMPLETE                                    && app != mHomeProcess && app != mPreviousProcess) {                                // Need to do this on its own message because the stack may not                                // be in a consistent state at this point.                                // For these apps we will also finish their activities                                // to help them free memory.                                mStackSupervisor.scheduleDestroyAllActivities(app, "trim");                            }                        }                    }                    app.trimMemoryLevel = curLevel;                    step++;                    if (step >= factor) {                        step = 0;                        switch (curLevel) {                            case ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_COMPLETE:                                curLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_MODERATE;                                break;                            case ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_MODERATE:                                curLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND;                                break;                        }                    }                } else if (app.curProcState == ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HEAVY_WEIGHT) {                    if (app.trimMemoryLevel < ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND                            && app.thread != null) {                        try {                            if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.v(TAG_OOM_ADJ,                                    "Trimming memory of heavy-weight " + app.processName                                    + " to " + ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND);                            app.thread.scheduleTrimMemory(                                    ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND);                        } catch (RemoteException e) {                        }                    }                    app.trimMemoryLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND;                } else {                    if ((app.curProcState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND                            || app.systemNoUi) && app.pendingUiClean) {                        // If this application is now in the background and it                        // had done UI, then give it the special trim level to                        // have it free UI resources.                        final int level = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN;                        if (app.trimMemoryLevel < level && app.thread != null) {                            try {                                if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.v(TAG_OOM_ADJ,                                        "Trimming memory of bg-ui " + app.processName                                        + " to " + level);                                app.thread.scheduleTrimMemory(level);                            } catch (RemoteException e) {                            }                        }                        app.pendingUiClean = false;                    }                    if (app.trimMemoryLevel < fgTrimLevel && app.thread != null) {                        try {                            if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.v(TAG_OOM_ADJ,                                    "Trimming memory of fg " + app.processName                                    + " to " + fgTrimLevel);                            app.thread.scheduleTrimMemory(fgTrimLevel);                        } catch (RemoteException e) {                        }                    }                    app.trimMemoryLevel = fgTrimLevel;                }            }        } else {            if (mLowRamStartTime != 0) {                mLowRamTimeSinceLastIdle += now - mLowRamStartTime;                mLowRamStartTime = 0;            }            for (int i=N-1; i>=0; i--) {                ProcessRecord app = mLruProcesses.get(i);                /* yulong begin add */                /* FEATURE_APP_FREEZE_BACKGROUND */                /* add for app freeze, liuyaxin, 20170519*/                if(ZSFeature.ZEUSIS_FEATURE_APP_FREEZE_BACKGROUND){                    if(app.frozenRemoved){                        Slog.d(TAG, app.info.packageName + " is frozen and no need to scheduleTrimMemory[updateOomAdjLocked memFactor = ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_NORMAL]");                        continue;                    }                }                /* yulong end */                if (allChanged || app.procStateChanged) {                    setProcessTrackerStateLocked(app, trackerMemFactor, now);                    app.procStateChanged = false;                }                if ((app.curProcState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND                        || app.systemNoUi) && app.pendingUiClean) {                    if (app.trimMemoryLevel < ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN                            && app.thread != null) {                        try {                            if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.v(TAG_OOM_ADJ,                                    "Trimming memory of ui hidden " + app.processName                                    + " to " + ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN);                            app.thread.scheduleTrimMemory(                                    ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN);                        } catch (RemoteException e) {                        }                    }                    app.pendingUiClean = false;                }                app.trimMemoryLevel = 0;            }        }        if (mAlwaysFinishActivities) {            // Need to do this on its own message because the stack may not            // be in a consistent state at this point.            mStackSupervisor.scheduleDestroyAllActivities(null, "always-finish");        }        if (allChanged) {            requestPssAllProcsLocked(now, false, mProcessStats.isMemFactorLowered());        }        // Update from any uid changes.        for (int i=mActiveUids.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {            final UidRecord uidRec = mActiveUids.valueAt(i);            int uidChange = UidRecord.CHANGE_PROCSTATE;            if (uidRec.setProcState != uidRec.curProcState) {                if (DEBUG_UID_OBSERVERS) Slog.i(TAG_UID_OBSERVERS,                        "Changes in " + uidRec + ": proc state from " + uidRec.setProcState                        + " to " + uidRec.curProcState);                if (ActivityManager.isProcStateBackground(uidRec.curProcState)) {                    if (!ActivityManager.isProcStateBackground(uidRec.setProcState)) {                        uidRec.lastBackgroundTime = nowElapsed;                        if (!mHandler.hasMessages(IDLE_UIDS_MSG)) {                            // Note: the background settle time is in elapsed realtime, while                            // the handler time base is uptime.  All this means is that we may                            // stop background uids later than we had intended, but that only                            // happens because the device was sleeping so we are okay anyway.                            mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(IDLE_UIDS_MSG, BACKGROUND_SETTLE_TIME);                        }                    }                } else {                    if (uidRec.idle) {                        uidChange = UidRecord.CHANGE_ACTIVE;                        uidRec.idle = false;                    }                    uidRec.lastBackgroundTime = 0;                }                uidRec.setProcState = uidRec.curProcState;                enqueueUidChangeLocked(uidRec, -1, uidChange);                noteUidProcessState(uidRec.uid, uidRec.curProcState);            }        }        if (mProcessStats.shouldWriteNowLocked(now)) {            mHandler.post(new Runnable() {                @Override public void run() {                    synchronized (ActivityManagerService.this) {                        mProcessStats.writeStateAsyncLocked();                    }                }            });        }        if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) {            final long duration = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - now;            if (false) {                Slog.d(TAG_OOM_ADJ, "Did OOM ADJ in " + duration + "ms",                        new RuntimeException("here").fillInStackTrace());            } else {                Slog.d(TAG_OOM_ADJ, "Did OOM ADJ in " + duration + "ms");            }        }    }

updateOomAdjLocked()方法通过调用computeOomAdjLocked()方法来计算进程的oom_adj的值。如果进程的curAdj变量的值仍然大于等于系统预定义的最大oom_adj值（UNKNOW_ADJ），则表明该进程属于“cached”进程或者空进程，updateOomAdjLocked()方法将会为该进程分配oom_adj值。如果用来表示进程状态的变量curProcState的值为PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY或者PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY_CLIENT，这说明进程是cached进程，否则为空进程。
updateOomAdjLocked()方法中根据系统定义的cached进程的最大和最小oom_adj的值，先计算出slot的数量，后计算每个slot需要容纳的cached进程的数量cachedFactor和空进程的数量emptyFactor，这样做的目的为了将系统中cached进程和空进程分成不同的级别，每个级别有相同的oom_adj值，级别和级别之间的oom_adj值为2.因此，updateOomAdjLocked()方法区分某个进程是cached进程还是空进程后，会按照从低到高的原则把进程放到某个级别中，如果该几倍进程满了，就进入下一个级别。

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