【Android】进程间通信IPC——AIDL

AIDL

官网定义

AIDL（Android 接口定义语言）与您可能使用过的其他 IDL 类似。您可以利用它定义客户端与服务使用进程间通信 (IPC) 进行相互通信时都认可的编程接口。在 Android 上，一个进程通常无法访问另一个进程的内存。尽管如此，进程需要将其对象分解成操作系统能够识别的原语，并将对象编组成跨越边界的对象。编写执行这一编组操作的代码是一项繁琐的工作，因此 Android 会使用 AIDL 来处理。

支持类型

Java基本数据类型(int,long,char,boolean,float,double等);
CharSequence，String
实现Parcelable的对象
List和Map（元素必须是以上支持的数据类型，生成方法使用List和Map，接受端实际类型为ArrayList和HashMap）
AIDL

实现

实现Parcelable实体

要传递的实体类UserBean

public class UserBean implements Parcelable {    private String name;    private int age;    private String address;    public UserBean() {    }    public UserBean(String name, int age, String address) {        this.name = name;        this.age = age;        this.address = address;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public int getAge() {        return age;    }    public void setAge(int age) {        this.age = age;    }    public String getAddress() {        return address;    }    public void setAddress(String address) {        this.address = address;    }    protected UserBean(Parcel in) {        name = in.readString();        age = in.readInt();        address = in.readString();    }    public static final Creator CREATOR = new Creator() {        @Override        public UserBean createFromParcel(Parcel in) {            return new UserBean(in);        }        @Override        public UserBean[] newArray(int size) {            return new UserBean[size];        }    };    @Override    public int describeContents() {        return 0;    }    @Override    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {        dest.writeString(name);        dest.writeInt(age);        dest.writeString(address);    }    /**     * 需要手动添加，Android Studio没法直接生成     */    public void readFromParcel(Parcel reply) {        name = reply.readString();        age = reply.readInt();        address = reply.readString();    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "UserBean{" +                "name='" + name + '\'' +                ", age=" + age +                ", address='" + address + '\'' +                '}';    }}

注： Android Studio中实现Parcelable设置完属性就能快速生成必要的代码，但是readFromParcel方法需要手动实现，否则无法编译通过会报错

Process 'command 'D:\software\android\sdk\build-tools\28.0.3\aidl.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 1

AIDL文件

映射对象

// UserBean.aidlpackage com.sjl.exercise.bean;// Declare any non-default types here with import statementsparcelable UserBean;

接口aidl

注：

import声明任何非默认类型（例 UserBean）
方法中除了基本数据类型，其他类型的需要标上方向类型（in，out，inout）

// ICustomAidlInterface.aidlpackage com.sjl.exercise;// Declare any non-default types here with import statementsimport com.sjl.exercise.bean.UserBean;interface ICustomAidlInterface {    String getCurrentTime();    void insertUser(in UserBean userBean);    List getUsers();    void clearUser();}

定义完成后Make Project一下等待构建完成

服务端

创建远程服务

public class RemoteService extends Service {    private static final String TAG = "RemoteService";    private List list = new ArrayList<>();    ICustomAidlInterface.Stub stub = new ICustomAidlInterface.Stub() {        @Override        public String getCurrentTime() throws RemoteException {            return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());        }        @Override        public void insertUser(UserBean userBean) throws RemoteException {            list.add(userBean);        }        @Override        public List getUsers() throws RemoteException {            return list;        }        @Override        public void clearUser() throws RemoteException {            list.clear();        }    };    @Override    public void onCreate() {        super.onCreate();        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");        Toast.makeText(this, "远程服务onCreate", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    }    /**     * 返回IBinder用于通信     * @param intent     * @return     */    @Override    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {        Log.i(TAG, "onBind");        Toast.makeText(this, "远程服务onBind", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();        return stub;    }    @Override    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {        Log.i(TAG, "onUnbind");        Toast.makeText(this, "远程服务onUnbind", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();        return super.onUnbind(intent);    }    @Override    public void onDestroy() {        Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy");        Toast.makeText(this, "远程服务onDestroy", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();        super.onDestroy();    }}

AndroidManifest.xml配置服务，定义Action用于隐式唤醒

客户端

拷贝服务端的aidl文件及自定义的UserBean对象放到客户端的中，路径需要与服务端保持一致

绑定服务

            Intent intent = new Intent();            //AndroidManifest.xml中定义的服务器端Action            intent.setAction("com.sjl.aidl.remote");            //5.0后无法通过隐式Intent绑定远程Service，需设置包名            intent.setPackage("com.sjl.exercise");            bindService(intent, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

获取到AIDL接口

    private ICustomAidlInterface iCustomAidlInterface;    private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {        @Override        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {            iCustomAidlInterface = ICustomAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceConnected");            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "service connected", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();        }        @Override        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected");            iCustomAidlInterface = null;        }    };

调用AIDL接口

iCustomAidlInterface.getCurrentTime();UserBean userBean = new UserBean();userBean.setName("name" + cnt);userBean.setAddress("address" + cnt);userBean.setAge(cnt);iCustomAidlInterface.insertUser(userBean);iCustomAidlInterface.getUsers();iCustomAidlInterface.clearUser();

服务端
AIDL
UserBean

客户端
AIDL
UserBean

AIDL

官网定义

支持类型

实现

更多相关文章

随机推荐