使用 Android(安卓)Studio 进行测试 (二) UI 测试

2. UI 测试

配置
编码
测试

2.1 配置

2.1.1 IDE 配置
Build Variants => Test Artifact => Android Instrumentation Tests

2.1.2 build.gradle

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'android {    compileSdkVersion 22    buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"    defaultConfig {        applicationId "com.example.testing.testingexample"        minSdkVersion 15        targetSdkVersion 22        versionCode 1        versionName "1.0"        //ADD THIS LINE:        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"    }    buildTypes {        release {            minifyEnabled false            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'        }    }    //ADD THESE LINES:    packagingOptions {        exclude 'LICENSE.txt'    }}dependencies {    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.0.0' //← MAKE SURE IT’S 22.0.0    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'    //ADD THESE LINES:    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.2'    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.2'    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.1'}

重要：由于一些依赖版本冲突，你需要确认com.android.support:appcompat-v7库的版本号是22.0.0，像上面的代码片段一样。

2.2 编码

2.2.1 为 app 添加交互

activity_main.xml

MainActivity.java

public void sayHello(View v){    TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);    EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);    textView.setText("Hello, " + editText.getText().toString() + "!");}

2.2.2 编写测试

在 androidTest 包中新建测试类
MainActivityInstrumentationTest.java

import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;import android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions;import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.LargeTest;import org.junit.After;import org.junit.Before;import org.junit.Rule;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard;import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText;import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)@LargeTestpublic class MainActivityInstrumentationTest {    private static final String STRING_TO_BE_TYPED = "Peter";    @Rule    public ActivityTestRule mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(        MainActivity.class);    @Test    public void sayHello(){        onView(withId(R.id.editText)).perform(typeText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED), closeSoftKeyboard()); //line 1        onView(withText("Say hello!")).perform(click()); //line 2        String expectedText = "Hello, " + STRING_TO_BE_TYPED + "!";        onView(withId(R.id.textView)).check(matches(withText(expectedText))); //line 3    }}

2.3 进行测试

测试文件上点右键 Run 测试就可以了。
稍后会看到手机自动运行 app，并按照测试代码中写的进行自动测试。

目录

2. UI 测试

2.1 配置

2.2 编码

2.2.1 为 app 添加交互

2.2.2 编写测试

2.3 进行测试

2.4 测试结果

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