如何正确获得Android内外SD卡路径

原文路径：http://blog.fidroid.com/post/android/ru-he-zheng-que-huo-de-androidnei-wai-sdqia-lu-jing

外置sd卡路径，也许很多同学在平时的工作中并不会用到，因为现在很多机型都不支持外置sd卡(这也是Google目标)，所以并不用考虑外置sd卡的路径问题。除了开发文件管理类的应用之外，其他应用使用Enviroment 这个类中的一些静态方法就能满足需要。但也有一些特殊需求需要用到外置sd卡路径，那怎么才能准确获得外置sd卡的路径呢？

方法一

//内置sd卡路径String sdcardPath = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE"); //内置sd卡路径String sdcardPath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();//外置置sd卡路径String extSdcardPath = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");

在Enviroment类的源码中获得sd卡路径其实也是通过 System.getnv() 方法来实现的，如隐藏的方法:

/** {@hide} */public static File getLegacyExternalStorageDirectory() {    return new File(System.getenv(ENV_EXTERNAL_STORAGE));}

注：更详细的内容还是去看Enviroment源码。
另外要注意的是，在API 23版本中 SECONDARY_STORAGE 被移除。

方法二

private static String getStoragePath(Context mContext, boolean is_removale) {        StorageManager mStorageManager = (StorageManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE);        Class<?> storageVolumeClazz = null;        try {            storageVolumeClazz = Class.forName("android.os.storage.StorageVolume");            Method getVolumeList = mStorageManager.getClass().getMethod("getVolumeList");            Method getPath = storageVolumeClazz.getMethod("getPath");            Method isRemovable = storageVolumeClazz.getMethod("isRemovable");            Object result = getVolumeList.invoke(mStorageManager);            final int length = Array.getLength(result);            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {                Object storageVolumeElement = Array.get(result, i);                String path = (String) getPath.invoke(storageVolumeElement);                boolean removable = (Boolean) isRemovable.invoke(storageVolumeElement);                if (is_removale == removable) {                    return path;                }            }        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        return null;}

通过反射的方式使用在sdk中被隐藏的类 StroageVolume 中的方法getVolumeList()，获取所有的存储空间（Stroage Volume），然后通过参数is_removable控制，来获取内部存储和外部存储（内外sd卡）的路径，参数 is_removable为false时得到的是内置sd卡路径，为true则为外置sd卡路径。

在API 23 Enviroment 类中的内部类 UserEnvironment 中有一方法getExternalDirs与此一样，代码如下：

public File[] getExternalDirs() {    final StorageVolume[] volumes = StorageManager.getVolumeList(mUserId,StorageManager.FLAG_FOR_WRITE);    final File[] files = new File[volumes.length];    for (int i = 0; i < volumes.length; i++) {        files[i] = volumes[i].getPathFile();    }    return files;}

再看Enviroment的getExternalStorageDirectory方法实现：

public static File getExternalStorageDirectory() {    throwIfUserRequired();    return sCurrentUser.getExternalDirs()[0];}

可以看出，在API 23时，先是通过getExternalDirs()获取到所有存储空间的File[]数组，这个数组的第一个值：getExternalDirs()[0]，即为内置sd卡所在路径。

而在API 23 之前的版本中，并没有类似getExternalDirs()的方法通过StorageVolume直接获得存储空间(Storage Volume)，而时通过别的方式来实现的，看关键方法的源码：

public static File getExternalStorageDirectory() {    throwIfUserRequired();    return sCurrentUser.getExternalDirsForApp()[0];}

这里的 getExternalDirsForApp() 和上面的 getExternalDirs() 的作用是一样的，都是得到所有存储空间的File[]数组。

public File[] getExternalDirsForApp() {    return mExternalDirsForApp;}

mExternalDirsForApp 是在 Enviroment 类中的内部类 UserEnvironment 的构造方法中初始化的，Enviroment#UserEnvironment构造函数源码如下：

        public UserEnvironment(int userId) {            // See storage config details at http://source.android.com/tech/storage/            String rawExternalStorage = System.getenv(ENV_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);            String rawEmulatedSource = System.getenv(ENV_EMULATED_STORAGE_SOURCE);            String rawEmulatedTarget = System.getenv(ENV_EMULATED_STORAGE_TARGET);            String rawMediaStorage = System.getenv(ENV_MEDIA_STORAGE);            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(rawMediaStorage)) {                rawMediaStorage = "/data/media";            }            ArrayList<File> externalForVold = Lists.newArrayList();            ArrayList<File> externalForApp = Lists.newArrayList();            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(rawEmulatedTarget)) {                // Device has emulated storage; external storage paths should have                // userId burned into them.                final String rawUserId = Integer.toString(userId);                final File emulatedSourceBase = new File(rawEmulatedSource);                final File emulatedTargetBase = new File(rawEmulatedTarget);                final File mediaBase = new File(rawMediaStorage);                // /storage/emulated/0                externalForVold.add(buildPath(emulatedSourceBase, rawUserId));                externalForApp.add(buildPath(emulatedTargetBase, rawUserId));                // /data/media/0                mEmulatedDirForDirect = buildPath(mediaBase, rawUserId);            } else {                // Device has physical external storage; use plain paths.                if (TextUtils.isEmpty(rawExternalStorage)) {                    Log.w(TAG, "EXTERNAL_STORAGE undefined; falling back to default");                    rawExternalStorage = "/storage/sdcard0";                }                // /storage/sdcard0                externalForVold.add(new File(rawExternalStorage));                externalForApp.add(new File(rawExternalStorage));                // /data/media                mEmulatedDirForDirect = new File(rawMediaStorage);            }            // Splice in any secondary storage paths, but only for owner            final String rawSecondaryStorage = System.getenv(ENV_SECONDARY_STORAGE);            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(rawSecondaryStorage) && userId == UserHandle.USER_OWNER) {                for (String secondaryPath : rawSecondaryStorage.split(":")) {                    externalForVold.add(new File(secondaryPath));                    externalForApp.add(new File(secondaryPath));                }            }            mExternalDirsForVold = externalForVold.toArray(new File[externalForVold.size()]);            mExternalDirsForApp = externalForApp.toArray(new File[externalForApp.size()]);        }

也可以根据这个方法得到一个获取所有存储空间的路径的方法getStorageDirectories()：

/**     * Returns all available SD-Cards in the system (include emulated)     *      * Warning: Hack! Based on Android source code of version 4.3 (API 18)     * Because there is no standard way to get it.     * TODO: Test on future Android versions 4.4+     *     * @return paths to all available SD-Cards in the system (include emulated)     */    private static final Pattern DIR_SEPARATOR = Pattern.compile("/");    public List<String> getStorageDirectories() {        // Final set of paths        final ArrayList<String> rv = new ArrayList<String>();        // Primary physical SD-CARD (not emulated)        final String rawExternalStorage = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE");        // All Secondary SD-CARDs (all exclude primary) separated by ":"        final String rawSecondaryStoragesStr = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");        // Primary emulated SD-CARD        final String rawEmulatedStorageTarget = System.getenv("EMULATED_STORAGE_TARGET");        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(rawEmulatedStorageTarget)) {            // Device has physical external storage; use plain paths.            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(rawExternalStorage)) {                // EXTERNAL_STORAGE undefined; falling back to default.                rv.add("/storage/sdcard0");            } else {                rv.add(rawExternalStorage);            }        } else {            // Device has emulated storage; external storage paths should have            // userId burned into them.            final String rawUserId;            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1) {                rawUserId = "";            } else {                final String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();                final String[] folders = DIR_SEPARATOR.split(path);                final String lastFolder = folders[folders.length - 1];                boolean isDigit = false;                try {                    Integer.valueOf(lastFolder);                    isDigit = true;                } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {                }                rawUserId = isDigit ? lastFolder : "";            }            // /storage/emulated/0[1,2,...]            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(rawUserId)) {                rv.add(rawEmulatedStorageTarget);            } else {                rv.add(rawEmulatedStorageTarget + File.separator + rawUserId);            }        }        // Add all secondary storages        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(rawSecondaryStoragesStr)) {            // All Secondary SD-CARDs splited into array            final String[] rawSecondaryStorages = rawSecondaryStoragesStr.split(File.pathSeparator);            Collections.addAll(rv, rawSecondaryStorages);        }        rootmode = Sp.getBoolean("rootmode", false);        if (rootmode)            rv.add("/");        File usb = getUsbDrive();        if (usb != null && !rv.contains(usb.getPath())) rv.add(usb.getPath());        return rv;    }

public File getUsbDrive() {        File parent;        parent = new File("/storage");        try {            for (File f : parent.listFiles()) {                if (f.exists() && f.getName().toLowerCase().contains("usb") && f.canExecute()) {                    return f;                }            }        } catch (Exception e) {        }        parent = new File("/mnt/sdcard/usbStorage");        if (parent.exists() && parent.canExecute())            return (parent);        parent = new File("/mnt/sdcard/usb_storage");        if (parent.exists() && parent.canExecute())            return parent;        return null;    }

综上分析，通过方法一和方法二都可以正确的获取内外sd卡路径，但方法一会存在以下问题：
1、API>=23 时方法一无效（暂未测试）
2、有些厂商的Rom改动太多，对相关原生API的支持存在问题，这时方法一可能会存在问题。
3、其他一些情况造成的原因（基本与2差不多，是ROM等因素造成的）
所以，在使用时建议使用方法二来获取内外置sd卡路径，在API 23（Android 6.0）之前使用getStorageDirectories() 应该也是OK的。

如何正确获得Android内外SD卡路径

如何正确获得Android内外SD卡路径

方法一

方法二

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