从Alarm看Android上层UI到内核代码的流程分析

Alarm 调用流程，alarm的流程实现了从上层应用一直到下面driver的调用流程，下面简单阐述：

涉及代码;
./packages/apps/DeskClock/src/com/android/deskclock/Alarms.java
./frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/AlarmManager.java
./frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/AlarmManagerService.java
./frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp
./kernel/kernel/drivers/rtc/alarm-dev.c
./kernel/kernel/include/linux/android_alarm.h
./kernel/kernel/drivers/rtc/alarm.c
./kernel/kernel/drivers/rtc/interface.c
./kernel/kernel/drivers/rtc/rtc-pcf8563.c

./packages/apps/DeskClock/src/com/android/deskclock/AlarmReceiver.java

./kernel/arch/arm/configs/mmp2_android_defconfig
./kernel/kernel/kernel/.config

点击Clock 应用程序，然后设置新闹钟，会调到 Alarms.java 里面的
public static long setAlarm(Context context, Alarm alarm) {
....
setNextAlert(context);
....
}
然后这里面也会调用到
public static void setNextAlert(final Context context) {
if (!enableSnoozeAlert(context)) {
Alarm alarm = calculateNextAlert(context); //new 一个新的alarm
if (alarm != null) {
enableAlert(context, alarm, alarm.time);
} else {
disableAlert(context);
}
}
}
然后继续调用到
private static void enableAlert(Context context, final Alarm alarm, final long atTimeInMillis) {
.......
am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, atTimeInMillis, sender); //这里是RTC_WAKEUP, 这就保证了即使系统睡眠了，都能唤醒，闹钟工作（android平台关机闹钟好像不行）
.....
}

然后就调用到了AlarmManager.java 里面方法
public void set(int type, long triggerAtTime, PendingIntent operation) {
try {
mService.set(type, triggerAtTime, operation);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
}

然后就调用到了AlarmManagerService.java 里面方法
public void set(int type, long triggerAtTime, PendingIntent operation) {
setRepeating(type, triggerAtTime, 0, operation);
}

然后继续调用
public void setRepeating(int type, long triggerAtTime, long interval,
PendingIntent operation) {
.....
synchronized (mLock) {
Alarm alarm = new Alarm();
alarm.type = type;
alarm.when = triggerAtTime;
alarm.repeatInterval = interval;
alarm.operation = operation;

// Remove this alarm if already scheduled.
removeLocked(operation);

if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "set: " + alarm);

int index = addAlarmLocked(alarm);
if (index == 0) {
setLocked(alarm);
}
}
}

然后就调用到
private void setLocked(Alarm alarm)
{
......
set(mDescriptor, alarm.type, alarmSeconds, alarmNanoseconds); //mDescriptor 这里的文件是 /dev/alarm
.....
}

这里就调用到jni了
private native void set(int fd, int type, long seconds, long nanoseconds);

这就调用到了com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp 里面
static JNINativeMethod sMethods[] = {
/* name, signature, funcPtr */
{"init", "()I", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_init},
{"close", "(I)V", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_close},
{"set", "(IIJJ)V", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_set},
{"waitForAlarm", "(I)I", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_waitForAlarm},
{"setKernelTimezone", "(II)I", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_setKernelTimezone},
};

set 对应的是android_server_AlarmManagerService_set，具体是
static void android_server_AlarmManagerService_set(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jint fd, jint type, jlong seconds, jlong nanoseconds)
{
#if HAVE_ANDROID_OS
struct timespec ts;
ts.tv_sec = seconds;
ts.tv_nsec = nanoseconds;

int result = ioctl(fd, ANDROID_ALARM_SET(type), &ts);
if (result < 0)
{
LOGE("Unable to set alarm to %lld.%09lld: %s\n", seconds, nanoseconds, strerror(errno));
}
#endif
}

然后ioctl 就调用到了alarm-dev.c
static long alarm_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
....
case ANDROID_ALARM_SET(0):
if (copy_from_user(&new_alarm_time, (void __user *)arg,
sizeof(new_alarm_time))) {
rv = -EFAULT;
goto err1;
}
from_old_alarm_set:
spin_lock_irqsave(&alarm_slock, flags);
pr_alarm(IO, "alarm %d set %ld.%09ld\n", alarm_type,
new_alarm_time.tv_sec, new_alarm_time.tv_nsec);
alarm_enabled |= alarm_type_mask;
alarm_start_range(&alarms[alarm_type],
timespec_to_ktime(new_alarm_time),
timespec_to_ktime(new_alarm_time));
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&alarm_slock, flags);
if (ANDROID_ALARM_BASE_CMD(cmd) != ANDROID_ALARM_SET_AND_WAIT(0)
&& cmd != ANDROID_ALARM_SET_AND_WAIT_OLD)
break;
/* fall though */
....

case ANDROID_ALARM_SET_RTC:
if (copy_from_user(&new_rtc_time, (void __user *)arg,
sizeof(new_rtc_time))) {
rv = -EFAULT;
goto err1;
}
rv = alarm_set_rtc(new_rtc_time);
spin_lock_irqsave(&alarm_slock, flags);
alarm_pending |= ANDROID_ALARM_TIME_CHANGE_MASK;
wake_up(&alarm_wait_queue);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&alarm_slock, flags);
if (rv < 0)
goto err1;
break;
....
}

然后这边就调用到了alarm_start_range 设置闹钟， alarm_set_rtc 设置RTC
这两个函数在 android_alarm.h 声明，在 alarm.c 里实现
这是android_alarm.h 里面的声明
void alarm_start_range(struct alarm *alarm, ktime_t start, ktime_t end);
int alarm_try_to_cancel(struct alarm *alarm);
int alarm_cancel(struct alarm *alarm);
ktime_t alarm_get_elapsed_realtime(void);

/* set rtc while preserving elapsed realtime */
int alarm_set_rtc(const struct timespec ts);

下面看alarm.c 里面实现：
int alarm_set_rtc(struct timespec new_time)
{
....
ret = rtc_set_time(alarm_rtc_dev, &rtc_new_rtc_time);
....
}

alarm.c 里面实现了 alarm_suspend alarm_resume 函数
就是如果系统没有suspend的时候，设置闹钟并不会往rtc 芯片的寄存器上写数据，因为不需要唤醒系统，所以闹钟数据时间什么的就通过上层写到设备文件/dev/alarm
里面就可以了，AlarmThread 会不停的去轮寻下一个时间有没有闹钟，直接从设备文件 /dev/alarm 里面读取
第二种，系统要是进入susupend的话，alarm 的alarm_suspend 就会写到下层的rtc芯片的寄存器上去，然后即使系统suspend之后，闹钟通过rtc 也能唤醒系统

这里就调用到了interface.c 里面 //这里面 int rtc_set_alarm(struct rtc_device *rtc, struct rtc_wkalrm *alarm) 差不多也是跟下面一样
int rtc_set_time(struct rtc_device *rtc, struct rtc_time *tm)
{
....
err = rtc->ops->set_time(rtc->dev.parent, tm);
....
}

然后set_time 就看到具体的是那个RTC芯片，这边我们是rtc-pcf8563.c
static const struct rtc_class_ops pcf8563_rtc_ops = {
.read_time = pcf8563_rtc_read_time,
.set_time = pcf8563_rtc_set_time,
.read_alarm = pcf8563_rtc_read_alarm,
.set_alarm = pcf8563_rtc_set_alarm,
};
然后就到了
static int pcf8563_rtc_set_time(struct device *dev, struct rtc_time *tm)
{
unsigned char buf[TIME_NUM];
int ret;

ret = data_calc(buf, tm, TIME_NUM);
if (ret < 0)
goto out;
ret = i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(pcf8563_info->client, PCF8563_RTC_SEC, TIME_NUM, buf); //这边就调用i2c统一接口，往pcf8563rtc芯片寄存器里面写出数据
out:
return ret;
}

到此，闹钟时间就已经写到rtc 芯片的寄存器里面，第二个参数就是寄存器的名字，后面的buf就是要写入的时间，rtc芯片是额外供电的，所以系统suspend之后，系统kernel都关了，但是rtc里面还有电，寄存器里面数据还是有的（掉电就会丢失数据），所以闹钟到了，通过硬件中断机制就可以唤醒系统。

上面那个rtc下面有几十个rtc芯片驱动代码，没有结构基本一样，都有基本操作函数，注册函数，都是对各自芯片上特有的寄存器操作，为什么调用的是pcf8563rtc呢？这个要看你系统用的是那个芯片，这个可以通过./kernel/kernel/kernel/.config 查看，这边的pcf8563rtc 是当前系统正在使用的芯片型号
# CONFIG_RTC_DRV_ISL1208 is not set
# CONFIG_RTC_DRV_X1205 is not set
CONFIG_RTC_DRV_PCF8563=y
# CONFIG_RTC_DRV_PCF8583 is not set
# CONFIG_RTC_DRV_M41T80 is not set

下面是系统唤醒之后，闹钟怎么工作的流程，简单阐述
系统没有suspend的话直接走下面流程，如果suspend的话会被RTC唤醒，然后还是走下面的流程

private class AlarmThread extends Thread
{
public AlarmThread()
{
super("AlarmManager");
}

public void run()
{
while (true)
{
int result = waitForAlarm(mDescriptor); //这里调用jni调用static jint android_server_AlarmManagerService_waitForAlarm，主要还是对 /dev/alarm 操作
....
Alarm alarm = it.next();
try {
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "sending alarm " + alarm);
alarm.operation.send(mContext, 0,
mBackgroundIntent.putExtra(
Intent.EXTRA_ALARM_COUNT, alarm.count),
mResultReceiver, mHandler);
....
}

}
}

static jint android_server_AlarmManagerService_waitForAlarm(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jint fd)
{
#if HAVE_ANDROID_OS
int result = 0;

do
{
result = ioctl(fd, ANDROID_ALARM_WAIT);
} while (result < 0 && errno == EINTR);

if (result < 0)
{
LOGE("Unable to wait on alarm: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return 0;
}

return result;
#endif
}

AlarmManagerService 里面有个AlarmThread 会一直轮询 /dev/alarm文件，如果打开失败就直接返回，成功就会做一些动作，比如查找时间最近的
alarm，比如睡眠被闹钟唤醒的时候，这边就发一个intent出去，然后在AlarmReceiver.java里面弹出里面会收到就会调用下面的
context.startActivity(alarmAlert);

然后弹出alarm 这个界面
Class c = AlarmAlert.class;
其中public class AlarmAlert extends AlarmAlertFullScreen 所以系统睡眠之后被alarm唤醒弹出的alarm就是这边start的
public class AlarmReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

/** If the alarm is older than STALE_WINDOW, ignore. It
is probably the result of a time or timezone change */
private final static int STALE_WINDOW = 30 * 60 * 1000;

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
.........
Intent alarmAlert = new Intent(context, c);
alarmAlert.putExtra(Alarms.ALARM_INTENT_EXTRA, alarm);
alarmAlert.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
| Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION);
context.startActivity(alarmAlert);
........
}

到这里alarm 就显示出来了

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