Android(安卓)6.0运行时权限的申请使用及EasyPermissions的使用
16lz
2021-01-26
在6.0下新的权限机制分为两类,Normal Permissions,这类权限是不需要用户授权,不会触及用户的隐私,只需要在manefest里面申请即可;还有一类是Dangerous Permissions,这类权限需要动态的去申请。
Normal Permission如下:
android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE android.permission.BLUETOOTH android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR android.permission.FLASHLIGHT android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE android.permission.INTERNET android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS android.permission.NFC android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED android.permission.REORDER_TASKS android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT android.permission.VIBRATE android.permission.WAKE_LOCK android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS group:android.permission-group.PHONE permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.USE_SIP permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR group:android.permission-group.CAMERA permission:android.permission.CAMERA group:android.permission-group.SENSORS permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS group:android.permission-group.LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION group:android.permission-group.STORAGE permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO group:android.permission-group.SMS permission:android.permission.READ_SMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
可以看到Dangerous Permissions是按照组来分类的,如果申请了一组的其中一个权限,那么默认会获得该组的所有权限的使用。 申请的流程
1.在AndroidManifest里面配置需要的权限,无论是普通的还是特殊的权限都需要在这里配置。
2.检查权限,如果没有权限则申请
3.给用户申请权限的解释,这个方法只会在第一次用户拒绝授权,再次去申请这个的权限时会用到
4.申请相应的权限
5.处理申请权限的回调,在这里获得哪些授权成功哪些失败,处理需要的逻辑
具体的例子
下面的例子是获取用户的写外部存储器和打电话的权限
public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2); if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//未获取权限 if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) { //当用户第一次申请拒绝时,再次申请该权限调用 Toast.makeText(this, "拨打电话权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //申请权限 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 0x01); } else {//已经获得了权限 call(); } } private void call() { Toast.makeText(this, "打电话", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); if (requestCode == 0x01) { if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//授权成功 call(); } else {//授权失败 Toast.makeText(this, "获取权限失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } }}
封装的三方库------EasyPermissions
这个用于权限的申请,使用起来十分的简单
导入
compile 'pub.devrel:easypermissions:0.1.5'
使用很简单,代码中都有注释,都能看懂 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks { private static final String TAG = "lzy"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //所要申请的权限 String[] perms = {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}; if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, perms)) {//检查是否获取该权限 Log.i(TAG, "已获取权限"); } else { //第二个参数是被拒绝后再次申请该权限的解释 //第三个参数是请求码 //第四个参数是要申请的权限 EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this, "必要的权限", 0, perms); } } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); //把申请权限的回调交由EasyPermissions处理 EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this); } //下面两个方法是实现EasyPermissions的EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks接口 //分别返回授权成功和失败的权限 @Override public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List perms) { Log.i(TAG, "获取成功的权限" + perms); } @Override public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List perms) { Log.i(TAG, "获取失败的权限" + perms); }}
系统权限WRITE_SETTINGS
这段时间项目中一个功能需要修改手机的来电铃音,一直提示没有这个权限,这个权限比较特殊,不像之前一样去申请,按照下面的方式申请
private void CheckPermission() {if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {if (!Settings.System.canWrite(this)) {Toast.makeText(this, getResources().getString(R.string.recorder_permission), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();Uri selfPackageUri = Uri.parse("package:"+ ChangeableRecorderActivity.this.getPackageName());Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS,selfPackageUri);startActivity(intent);}}}
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