浅析Android录屏 MediaRecorder

MediaRecorder类介绍：

MediaRecorder类是Android sdk提供的一个专门用于音视频录制，一般利用手机麦克风采集音频，摄像头采集图片信息。

Android录屏的三种方案

1、adb shell命令screenrecord
2、MediaRecorder, MediaProjection
3、MediaCodec和MediaMuxer, MediaProjection ,

一、screenrecord命令

screenrecord是一个shell命令，支持Android4.4(API level 19)以上，
录制的视频格式为mp4 ,存放到手机sd卡里，默认录制时间为180s

adb shell screenrecord --size 1280x720 --bit-rate 6000000 --time-limit 30 /sdcard/demo.mp4
--size 指定视频分辨率，根据手机情况决定
--bit-rate 指定视频比特率，默认为4M，该值越小，保存的视频文件越小；
--time-limit 指定录制时长，若设定大于180，命令不会被执行；

并不是所以手机都执行screenrecord命令，部分手机不识别。
我在几款华为手机就没执行成功报错：
/system/bin/sh: screenrecord: inaccessible or not found

二、 MediaRecorder

MediaProjection是Android5.0后才开放的屏幕采集接口，通过系统级服务MediaProjectionManager进行管理。

这里先整体说一下屏幕录制的流程，不然看起来费劲。

1、通过startActivityForResult(Intent intent)判断是否录屏授权的Activity

其中intent对象就需要MediaProjectionManager.createScreenCaptureIntent();获取

2、在onActivityResult回调方法中做具体录屏工作

比如：创建MediaRecorder，设置MP4文件路径
创建VirtualDisplay，设置屏幕相关参数
如果不在onActivityResult回调中执行会有问题。

3、开始录屏

MediaRecorder.start()

4、停止录屏

MediaRecorder.reset();
MediaRecorder.release();

录屏过程用到录音权限和数据读写权限。

三、MediaCodec和MediaMuxer

MediaCodec提供对音视频压缩编码和解码功能，MediaMuxer可以将音视频混合生成多媒体文件，生成MP4文件。

这个录屏的方式和MediaRecorder是类似的，只是流程第二部有点不同，这里不做介绍。

详情可以参考：https://www.jb51.net/article/183324.htm

四、MediaRecorder项目示例的主要代码

这里只做了录制和停止录制，没有做相关适配，比如横竖屏切换后尺寸变化。

简单效果：

生成的MP4文件会在sdcard目录下，并且以录屏时间为文件名。

1、MainActivity

package com.liwenzhi.screen;import android.Manifest;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.pm.PackageManager;import android.media.projection.MediaProjection;import android.media.projection.MediaProjectionManager;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.TextView;import android.widget.Toast;import java.io.File;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { String TAG = "MainActivity"; MediaProjectionManager mProjectionManager; MediaRecordService mediaRecord; int displayWidth = 1280; int displayHeight = 1920; Button btn_start_record; Button btn_stop_record; TextView tv_time; int REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSIONS = 99; int REQUEST_CODE_SCREEN = 100; //录音权限和数据读写权限 String[] permissions = new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}; boolean mPassPermissions = true; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initView(); initData(); initEvent(); } private void initView() { btn_start_record = findViewById(R.id.btn_start_record); btn_stop_record = findViewById(R.id.btn_stop_record); tv_time = findViewById(R.id.tv_time); } private void initData() { //权限申请 //逐个判断你要的权限是否已经通过 judgePermissions(); if (!mPassPermissions) {  ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSIONS); } } private void initEvent() { btn_start_record.setOnClickListener(this); btn_stop_record.setOnClickListener(this); } // 申请权限后的回调 // 1、录音和读写 // 2、录屏startActivityForResult后的回调 @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); //录音和读写权限 if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSIONS) {  if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) {  mPassPermissions = false;  } } else  // 录屏权限  if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_SCREEN) {  if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {   try {   // mediaProjection 如果不在权限申请中回调，获取到的对象为空   MediaProjection mediaProjection = mProjectionManager.getMediaProjection(resultCode, data);   if (mediaProjection == null) {    Log.e(TAG, "media projection is null");    return;   }   File file = new File("/sdcard/" + MyTimeUtils.getTimeString("yyyy-MM-dd_HH:mm:ss") + ".mp4"); //录屏生成文件   if (!file.exists()) {    file.createNewFile();   }   mediaRecord = new MediaRecordService(displayWidth, displayHeight, 6000000, 1,    mediaProjection, file.getAbsolutePath());   mediaRecord.start();   second = 0;   mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(10, 1000);   } catch (Exception e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }  } else {   Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "录屏失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  }  } } @Override public void onBackPressed() { //super.onBackPressed(); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) {  case R.id.btn_start_record:  startRecord();  break;  case R.id.btn_stop_record:  stopRecord();  break; } } // 开始录屏 private void startRecord() { judgePermissions(); if (!mPassPermissions) {  Toast.makeText(this, "基础权限没通过！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  return; } mProjectionManager = (MediaProjectionManager) getSystemService(Context.MEDIA_PROJECTION_SERVICE); if (mProjectionManager != null) {  Intent intent = mProjectionManager.createScreenCaptureIntent();  PackageManager packageManager = getPackageManager();  if (packageManager.resolveActivity(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY) != null) {  //存在录屏授权的Activity  startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_SCREEN);  } else {  Toast.makeText(this, "没有录屏权限！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  } } } // 停止录屏 private void stopRecord() { mediaRecord.release(); mHandler.removeMessages(10); } int second; // 计算时间 Handler mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) {  super.handleMessage(msg);  switch (msg.what) {  case 10:   second++;   tv_time.setText(second + "");   mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(10, 1000);   break;  } } }; //判断每个权限是否通过 private void judgePermissions() { boolean permission = true; for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {  if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permissions[i]) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {  // 未授予的权限  permission = false;  } } mPassPermissions = permission; }}

2、MediaRecordService

package com.liwenzhi.screen;import android.hardware.display.DisplayManager;import android.hardware.display.VirtualDisplay;import android.media.MediaRecorder;import android.media.projection.MediaProjection;import android.util.Log;public class MediaRecordService extends Thread { private static final String TAG = "MediaRecordService"; private int mWidth; private int mHeight; private int mBitRate; private int mDpi; private String mDstPath; private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder; private MediaProjection mMediaProjection; private static final int FRAME_RATE = 60; // 60 fps private VirtualDisplay mVirtualDisplay; public MediaRecordService(int width, int height, int bitrate, int dpi, MediaProjection mp, String dstPath) { mWidth = width; mHeight = height; mBitRate = bitrate; mDpi = dpi; mMediaProjection = mp; mDstPath = dstPath; } @Override public void run() { try {  initMediaRecorder();  //在mediarecorder.prepare()方法后调用  mVirtualDisplay = mMediaProjection.createVirtualDisplay(TAG + "-display", mWidth, mHeight, mDpi,   DisplayManager.VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAG_PUBLIC, mMediaRecorder.getSurface(), null, null);  Log.i(TAG, "created virtual display: " + mVirtualDisplay);  mMediaRecorder.start();  Log.i(TAG, "mediarecorder start"); } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 初始化MediaRecorder * * @return */ public void initMediaRecorder() { mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder(); mMediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.SURFACE); mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4); mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(mDstPath); mMediaRecorder.setVideoSize(mWidth, mHeight); mMediaRecorder.setVideoFrameRate(FRAME_RATE); mMediaRecorder.setVideoEncodingBitRate(mBitRate); mMediaRecorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.H264); mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC); try {  mMediaRecorder.prepare(); } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } Log.i(TAG, "media recorder" + mBitRate + "kps"); } public void release() { if (mVirtualDisplay != null) {  mVirtualDisplay.release();  mVirtualDisplay = null; } if (mMediaRecorder != null) {  mMediaRecorder.setOnErrorListener(null);  mMediaProjection.stop();  mMediaRecorder.reset();  mMediaRecorder.release(); } if (mMediaProjection != null) {  mMediaProjection.stop();  mMediaProjection = null; } Log.i(TAG, "release"); }}

3、MyTimeUtils

package com.liwenzhi.screen;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Date;/** * a Utils for time *  * identify the following letter: ："yyyy-MM-dd DD HH:mm:ss SSS" * * method1： long getTimeLong() * * method2： int getTimeInt(String filter) * * method3： String getTimeString() * * method4： String getTimeString(long time) * * method5： String getTimeString(long time, String filter) * * method6： String getTimeString( String filter) */public class MyTimeUtils { public static long getTimeLong() { return System.currentTimeMillis(); } public static int getTimeInt(String filter) { SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(filter); String time = format.format(new Date()); return Integer.parseInt(time); } public static final String getTimeString() { SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); return format.format(new Date(getTimeLong())); } public static final String getTimeString(long time) { SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); return format.format(new Date(time)); } public static final String getTimeString(long time, String filter) { SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(filter); return format.format(new Date(time)); } public static final String getTimeString(String filter) { SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(filter); return format.format(new Date(getTimeLong())); } public static Long getTimeLong(String filter, String date) { try {  SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(filter);  Date dateTime = format.parse(date);  return dateTime.getTime(); } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } return 0L; }}

测试apk和项目源码下载：

http://xiazai.jb51.net/202003/yuanma/RecordMedia_jb51.rar

这个项目只是简单录屏，如果要做得好，
最好是正在通知栏/悬浮框里面控制停止，
并且可以按退出键回到主界面，
要用到服务来控制录屏屏幕的开始和停止。

共勉：时间总会过去，多做一下有意义的事情。

总结

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