Android中的事件传递机制

今天来看一下Android中的事件分发以及动态权限

Android的权限机制从第一个版本开始就已经存在，但之前的Android权限机制在保护用户安全和隐私等方面起到的作用有限，为此，Android开发团队在6.0系统中引用了运行时权限的功能

Android6.0的动态权限

共分为 9 组，每组只要有一个权限申请成功了，就默认整组权限都可以使用了

//获取通讯录权限group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS        permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS        permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS        permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS//获取拨打电话的权限     group:android.permission-group.PHONE        permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG        permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE        permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE        permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG        permission:android.permission.USE_SIP        permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS        permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL//获取日历的权限group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR        permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR        permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR        group:android.permission-group.CAMERA        permission:android.permission.CAMERA//获取传感器的权限group:android.permission-group.SENSORS        permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS        group:android.permission-group.LOCATION        permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION        permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION//获取文件读写的权限group:android.permission-group.STORAGE        permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE        permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE//获取麦克风的权限group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE        permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO//获取短信的权限group:android.permission-group.SMS        permission:android.permission.READ_SMS        permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH        permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS        permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS        permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS        permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

只需要在manifest.xml中添加的权限

android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDSandroid.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATEandroid.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICYandroid.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATEandroid.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATEandroid.permission.BLUETOOTHandroid.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMINandroid.permission.BROADCAST_STICKYandroid.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATEandroid.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATEandroid.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATEandroid.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATEandroid.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARDandroid.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BARandroid.permission.FLASHLIGHTandroid.permission.GET_ACCOUNTSandroid.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZEandroid.permission.INTERNETandroid.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSESandroid.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGSandroid.permission.NFCandroid.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGSandroid.permission.READ_SYNC_STATSandroid.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETEDandroid.permission.REORDER_TASKSandroid.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGESandroid.permission.SET_TIME_ZONEandroid.permission.SET_WALLPAPERandroid.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTSandroid.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READandroid.permission.TRANSMIT_IRandroid.permission.USE_FINGERPRINTandroid.permission.VIBRATEandroid.permission.WAKE_LOCKandroid.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGScom.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARMcom.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUTcom.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

动态权限申请流程

第一步需要检测是否授权

    //检测是否有写sd卡的权限    int code = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);    if(code == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED){        //未授权    }

如果没有授权则申请授权

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,        new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, REQUEST_PERMISSION);

最后处理授权结果：在Activity中重写onRequestPermissionsResult

// 授权结果@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);    if (requestCode == REQUEST_PERMISSION) {        if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {            // 用户拒绝            // 检测是否有必要跟用户说明为什么要申请这个权限，如果拒绝了会有什么结果            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(WelcomeActivity.this, permissions[0])) {                // 解释一下                AlertDialog.Builder b = new AlertDialog.Builder(WelcomeActivity.this);                b.setTitle(" 警告 ")                        .setMessage(" 不授权将影响应用的正常使用 , 是否需要重新授权 ?")                        .setPositiveButton(" 是 ", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                        @Override                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(WelcomeActivity.this,                                new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, REQUEST_PERMISSION);                        }                    }).setNegativeButton(" 否 ", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                @Override                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                        finish();                }            });            b.show();        }    } else {        toMainActivity();        }    }}

授权 Activity 的封装

1 、封装了授权检测
2 、授权分进入设置 –> 应用详情 –> 权限这种打开方式以及直接使用授权申请方法两种
3 、对结果同一处理为 RESULT_OK 就是成功否则就是授权失败

/***  申请授权的 Activity （ 1 、可以进入设置打开或者关闭权限， 2 、直接使用授权申请方法来申请）* github PermissionGrant*/public class PermissionActivity extends Activity {    private static final int REQUEST_SETTINGS = 1;    private static final int REQUEST_PERMISSION = 2;    private String[] permissions;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        Intent it = getIntent();        if (it == null || !it.hasExtra("permissions")) {            finish();            return;        }        permissions = it.getStringArrayExtra("permissions");        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_permission);        findViewById(R.id.btn_setting).setOnClickListener(btnClick);        findViewById(R.id.btn_grant).setOnClickListener(btnClick);    }/***  启动授权界面** @param context* @param requestCode* @param permissions*/public static void startPermissionActivity(Activity context, int requestCode, String... permissions) {        Intent it = new Intent(context, PermissionActivity.class);        it.putExtra("permissions", permissions);        context.startActivityForResult(it, requestCode);    }    private View.OnClickListener btnClick = new View.OnClickListener() {        @Override        public void onClick(View v) {            switch (v.getId()) {                case R.id.btn_setting:                // 进入设置打开权限                Intent it = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);                // 配置跳转要查看的应用的包名 packege:com.xykj.filemanager                it.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getApplication().getPackageName()));                startActivityForResult(it, REQUEST_SETTINGS);                break;        case R.id.btn_grant:                // 使用申请授权方法                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this, permissions, REQUEST_PERMISSION);                break;        }    }};// 授权结果@Override    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);        if (requestCode == REQUEST_PERMISSION) {            int deniedIndex = getFirstDeniedIndex(grantResults);            if (deniedIndex != -1) {            // 用户拒绝            // 检测是否有必要跟用户说明为什么要申请这个权限，如果拒绝了会有什么结果        if(ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(PermissionActivity.this,                    permissions[deniedIndex])) {                // 解释一下                AlertDialog.Builder b = new AlertDialog.Builder(PermissionActivity.this);                b.setTitle(" 警告 ")                        .setMessage(" 不授权将影响应用的正常使用 , 是否需要重新授权 ?")                        .setPositiveButton(" 是 ", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                        @Override                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(                            PermissionActivity.this,                            PermissionActivity.this.permissions,                            REQUEST_PERMISSION);                        }                    }).setNegativeButton(" 否 ", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                @Override                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                    finish();                }            });            b.show();        }    } else {        setResult(RESULT_OK);        finish();        }    }}private int getFirstDeniedIndex(int[] grantResults) {    int len = grantResults.length;    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {        if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {            return i;        }    }    return -1;}/***  检测是否授权** @param context* @param permissions* @return*/public static boolean isGrantedPermission(Context context, List permissions) {    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {        return true;    }    int size = permissions.size();    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {        String name = permissions.get(i);        // 一个个的检测授权情况，如果发现了其中某一个未授权，返回 false 表示检测授权失败        int code = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, name);        if (code == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {            return false;        }        String op = AppOpsManagerCompat.permissionToOp(name);        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(op)) {            continue;        }        code = AppOpsManagerCompat.noteProxyOp(context, op,                 context.getApplicationContext().getPackageName());        if (code != AppOpsManagerCompat.MODE_ALLOWED) {            return false;        }    }    return true;}@Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);        if (requestCode == REQUEST_SETTINGS) {            if (isGrantedPermission(PermissionActivity.this, permissions)) {                setResult(RESULT_OK);            } else {                setResult(RESULT_CANCELED);            }            finish();        }    }}

为了方便该授权Activity的运用，可以将其显示为Dialog

使用：

if (!PermissionActivity.isGrantedPermission(this,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {    // 未授权，申请授权    PermissionActivity.startPermissionActivity(this,REQUEST_PERMISSION,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);} else {        // 成功        ...}结果处理@Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);    if(resultCode == RESULT_OK){        // 授权成功    }else{        // 授权失败    }}

这里我后续会慢慢改进

Android6.0的动态权限

动态权限申请流程

授权 Activity 的封装

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