Android- 活动(Activity), 服务(Service), 广播(Broadcast), 广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver)

介绍
在 Android 中使用 Activity, Service, Broadcast, BroadcastReceiver

活动(Activity) - 用于表现功能
服务(Service) - 相当于后台运行的 Activity
广播(Broadcast) -用于发送广播
广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver) - 用于接收广播
Intent-用于连接以上各个组件，并在其间传递消息

1、演示 Activity 的基本用法，一个 Activity 启动另一个 Activity，启动另一个Activity 时为其传递参数，被启动的 Activity 返回参数给启动者的 Activity
Main.java package com.webabcd.activity;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class Main extends Activity {

TextView txt;

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this.setContentView(R.layout.main);

txt = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.txt);
txt.setText( "Activity 1");

Button btn = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setText( "启动另一个Activity");
btn.setOnClickListener( new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {

// 实例化 Intent，指定需要启动的 Activity
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setClass(Main. this, MyActivity. class);

// 实例化 Bundle，设置需要传递的参数
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString( "name", "webabcd");
bundle.putDouble( "salary", 100.13);

// 将需要传递的参数赋值给 Intent 对象
intent.putExtras(bundle);

// startActivity(intent); // 启动指定的 Intent（不等待返回结果）
// Main.this.finish();

// 启动指定的 Intent，并等待返回结果
// 其中第二个参数如果大于等于零，则返回结果时会回调 onActivityResult() 方法
startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
}
});

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onCreate");
}

// 被启动的 Activity 返回结果时的回调函数
@Override
protected void onActivityResult( int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK){
Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();

String name = bundle.getString( "name");
double salary = bundle.getDouble( "salary");

txt.setText( "Activity 1" + "/n名字：" + name + "/n薪水：" + String.valueOf(salary));
}
}

@Override
protected void onStart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onStart();

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onStart");
}

@Override
protected void onStop() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onStop();

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onStop");
}

@Override
protected void onRestart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onRestart();

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onRestart");
}

@Override
protected void onPause() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onPause();

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onPause");
}

@Override
protected void onResume() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onResume();

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onResume");
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onDestroy");
}
} MyActivity.java

package com.webabcd.activity;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

// 被另一个 Activity 所启动的 Activity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {

Intent intent;

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this.setContentView(R.layout.main2);

// 获取启动者传递过来的参数
intent = this.getIntent();
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
String name = bundle.getString( "name");
double salary = bundle.getDouble( "salary");

TextView txt = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.txt);
txt.setText( "Activity 2" + "/n名字：" + name + "/n薪水：" + String.valueOf(salary));

Button btn = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setText( "返回前一个Activity");
btn.setOnClickListener( new Button.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
// 返回参数给启动者
MyActivity. this.setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
MyActivity. this.finish();
}
});
}
} AndroidManifest.xml <? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="utf-8" ?>
< manifest xmlns:android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package ="com.webabcd.activity" android:versionCode ="1"
android:versionName ="1.0" >
< application android:icon ="@drawable/icon" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< activity android:name =".Main" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
< category android:name ="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</ intent-filter >
</ activity >

< activity android:name =".MyActivity" android:label ="Activity 2" />
</ application >
< uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion ="3" />
</ manifest > 2、Service, Broadcast, BroadcastReceiver 的演示
Main.java package com.webabcd.service;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;

/*
* startService() 和 bindService() 的区别
* startService() - 正常理解就好
* bindService() - 使当前上下文对象（本例中就是 Activity）通过一个 ServiceConnection 对象邦定到指定的 Service 。这样，如果上下文对象销毁了的话，那么其对应的 Service 也会被销毁
*/
public class Main extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

private TextView txtMsg;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

setTitle( "android 之 service");

this.findViewById(R.id.btnStart).setOnClickListener( this);
this.findViewById(R.id.btnStop).setOnClickListener( this);
this.findViewById(R.id.btnBind).setOnClickListener( this);
this.findViewById(R.id.btnUnbind).setOnClickListener( this);

txtMsg = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.txtMsg);

// 实例化自定义的 BroadcastReceiver
receiver = new UpdateReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
// 为 BroadcastReceiver 指定 action ，使之用于接收同 action 的广播
filter.addAction( "com.webabcd.service.msg");

// 以编程方式注册BroadcastReceiver 。配置方式注册 BroadcastReceiver 的例子见 AndroidManifest.xml 文件
// 一般在 OnStart 时注册，在 OnStop 时取消注册
this.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
// this.unregisterReceiver(receiver);

}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Main. this, MyService. class);
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btnStart:
this.startService(intent);
break;
case R.id.btnStop:
this.stopService(intent);
break;
case R.id.btnBind:
this.bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
break;
case R.id.btnUnbind:
this.unbindService(conn);
break;
}
}

// bindService() 所需的 ServiceConnection 对象
private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {

}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {

}
};

private String msg="";
private UpdateReceiver receiver;
// 实现一个 BroadcastReceiver，用于接收指定的 Broadcast
public class UpdateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
msg = intent.getStringExtra( "msg");

txtMsg.append(msg + "/n");
}

}
} MyService.java package com.webabcd.service;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

// 演示 Service 的生命周期。具体信息运行程序后在 LogCat 中查看
public class MyService extends Service {

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onBind");
sendMsg( "onBind");

// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}

@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onCreate");
sendMsg( "onCreate");
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onDestroy");
sendMsg( "onDestroy");
}

@Override
public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onRebind(intent);

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onRebind");
sendMsg( "onRebind");
}

@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
super.onStart(intent, startId);

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onStart");
sendMsg( "onStart");
}

@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {

Log.d( "MyDebug", "onUnbind");
sendMsg( "onUnbind");

// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}

// 发送广播信息
private void sendMsg(String msg){
// 指定广播目标的 action （注：指定了此 action 的 receiver 会接收此广播）
Intent intent = new Intent( "com.webabcd.service.msg");
// 需要传递的参数
intent.putExtra( "msg", msg);
// 发送广播
this.sendBroadcast(intent);
}
} MyBootReceiver.java package com.webabcd.service;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyBootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

// 用于接收满足条件的 Broadcast（相应的 Broadcast 的注册信息详见 AndroidManifest.xml ，当系统启动完毕后会调用这个广播接收器）
@Override
public void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent arg1) {
Log.d( "MyDebug", "onReceive");

// 启动服务
Intent service = new Intent(arg0, MyService. class);
arg0.startService(service);
}

} AndroidManifest.xml <? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="utf-8" ?>
< manifest xmlns:android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package ="com.webabcd.service" android:versionCode ="1"
android:versionName ="1.0" >
< application android:icon ="@drawable/icon" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< activity android:name =".Main" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
< category android:name ="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</ intent-filter >
</ activity >


< service android:name =".MyService" > </ service >


< receiver android:name =".MyBootReceiver" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
</ intent-filter >
</ receiver >
</ application >


< uses-permission android:name ="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
< uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion ="3" />
</ manifest >

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