Android学习--界面设计
1、创建工程
创建一个Android工程
2、添加相关控件
打开res -> layout下的布局文件，根据实际情况选择一种或多种布局方式，然后分别添加TextView、EditText、RadioGroup、CheckBox、Spinner、ListView和Button控件。其中RadioGroup中加入两个RadioButton控件，分别为“男”和“女”，默认选择“男”；Spinner控件中要加入三个子选项，分别为“计算机”、“软件工程”和“物联网”，“计算机”为默认选项；ListView控件中加入若干姓名
关键代码：
list.add("赵明");
students.add(new Student("赵明","","","","",""));
list.add("李晓");
students.add(new Student("李晓","","","","",""));
list.add("王丽");
students.add(new Student("王丽","","","","",""));
//spinner的数据源
data_list.add("计算机");
data_list.add("软件工程");
data_list.add("物联网");
//适配器
arr_adapter1 = new ArrayAdapter
arr_adapter1.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
spinner.setAdapter(arr_adapter1);
arr_adapter2 = new ArrayAdapter
arr_adapter2.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1);
listView.setAdapter(arr_adapter2);
3、添加菜单
（1）在工程中添加选项菜单，菜单标题为“设置”，效果如图1.2所示。
图1.2 选项菜单
关键代码：主要是在res中添加menu文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
>
<item
android:id="@+id/conf"
android:title="设置"
/>
menu>
并在java文件中添加menu设置信息
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.caidan,menu);
return true;
}
（2）为ListView控件添加一个快捷菜单，包含一个“查看”菜单项，效果如图1.3所示
代码：
listView.setOnCreateContextMenuListener(new View.OnCreateContextMenuListener() {
@Override
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
menu.setHeaderTitle("选择操作");
menu.add(0,0,0,"查看");
menu.add(0,1,0,"删除");
}
});
- 为“设置”菜单项添加一个“专业设置”子菜单项，效果如图1.4所示。
4、操作栏
将步骤3中的选项菜单“设置”添加到操作栏，效果如图1.5所示。
5、界面事件
（1）为步骤2中的“关闭”按钮添加事件，当点击“关闭”按钮时则退出程序。
关键代码：
public void exit(View view){
System.exit(0);
}
- 为步骤2中的“添加”按钮添加事件，当点击“添加”按钮时保存一条基本信息记录，并将该条记录的姓名项加入ListView控件中，如果姓名为空，则不加入ListView控件并给出相应提示，可以利用Toast实现提示。
关键代码：
adding.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if(name.getText()==null||name.getText().length()==0) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"姓名为空！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
else {
if(check1.isChecked()){
hobby+="旅游 ";
}
if(check2.isChecked()){
hobby+="运动 ";
}
if(check3.isChecked()){
hobby+="其他 ";
}
if(boy.isChecked()){
sex+="男";
}
else{
sex +="女";
}
onItemSelected();
list.add(name.getText().toString());
listView.setAdapter(arr_adapter2);
students.add(newStudent(name.getText().toString(),height.getText().toString(),weight.getText().toString(),sex,hobby,spinner_id)); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),students.get(num).speak(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
num++;
sex="";
hobby="";
}
}
});
- 添加按键事件，图1.1的“身高”和“体重”中只能输入数字和字符“.”，无法输入其他字符，当输入其他字符要给出相应提示，可以利用Toast实现提示。
关键代码：
//设置heght监听器 通过键盘按键事件
height.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {
@Override
public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if(keyCode>=7&&keyCode<=16||keyCode==56||keyCode==67){
return false;
}
else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"error：只能输入数字和字符'.'",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
}
}
});
//设置weight监听器
weight.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {
@Override
public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if(keyCode>=7&&keyCode<=16||keyCode==56||keyCode==67){
return false;
}
else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Error: 只能输入数字或者字符'.'",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
}
}
});
}
附：完整代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> package com.example.wangz.experimentation_1;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.view.ContextMenu;import android.view.KeyEvent;import android.view.Menu;import android.view.MenuItem;import android.view.View;import android.widget.AdapterView;import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.CheckBox;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.RadioButton;import android.widget.Spinner;import android.widget.TextView;import android.widget.Toast;import org.w3c.dom.Text;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.zip.Checksum;import com.example.wangz.experimentation_1.Student;public class experi_1 extends AppCompatActivity {// 声明需要用到的参数8 Button adding; List students = new ArrayList(); List information = new ArrayList(); List list = new ArrayList(); String hobby = ""; String sex= ""; String major = ""; String spinner_id; Listdata_list = new ArrayList(); Spinner spinner; ListView listView; ArrayAdapter arr_adapter2; ArrayAdapter arr_adapter1; EditText name; CheckBox check1; CheckBox check2; CheckBox check3; EditText height; EditText weight; RadioButton boy; RadioButton girl; public int num=3;// menu设置 @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.caidan,menu); return true; } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { switch (item.getItemId()){ case R.id.check: Toast.makeText(this,"csajci",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } return true; } //spinner 和 listview 适配器 //为事件设置监听器 @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.page); spinner = (Spinner)findViewById(R.id.spinner); listView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listview); adding = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1) ; name = findViewById(R.id.name); check1 = findViewById(R.id.Checkbox_travel); check2 = findViewById(R.id.Checkbox_sport); check3 = findViewById(R.id.Checkbox_other); height = findViewById(R.id.height); weight = findViewById(R.id.weight); boy = findViewById(R.id.sex_boy); girl = findViewById(R.id.sex_girl); //listview数据 list.add("赵明"); students.add(new Student("赵明","","","","","")); list.add("李晓"); students.add(new Student("李晓","","","","","")); list.add("王丽"); students.add(new Student("王丽","","","","","")); //spinner的数据源 data_list.add("计算机"); data_list.add("软件工程"); data_list.add("物联网"); //适配器 arr_adapter1 = new ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,data_list); arr_adapter1.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item); spinner.setAdapter(arr_adapter1); arr_adapter2 = new ArrayAdapter(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,list); arr_adapter2.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1); listView.setAdapter(arr_adapter2); //为listview设置长按操作 listView.setOnCreateContextMenuListener(new View.OnCreateContextMenuListener() { @Override public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) { menu.setHeaderTitle("选择操作"); menu.add(0,0,0,"查看"); menu.add(0,1,0,"删除"); } }); //添加按钮点击事件 并判断姓名栏是否为空 adding.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { if(name.getText()==null||name.getText().length()==0) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"姓名为空！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else {// Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),name.getText(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); if(check1.isChecked()){ hobby+="旅游 "; } if(check2.isChecked()){ hobby+="运动 "; } if(check3.isChecked()){ hobby+="其他 "; } if(boy.isChecked()){ sex+="男"; } else{ sex +="女"; } onItemSelected(); list.add(name.getText().toString()); listView.setAdapter(arr_adapter2); students.add(new Student(name.getText().toString(),height.getText().toString(),weight.getText().toString(),sex,hobby,spinner_id)); //Toast的第一种用法 //静态方法MakeText，第一个参数是 context, 就是活动的上下文， // 第二个参数是 Toast 显示的文本内容， 第三个参数是显示的时长，有 Toast.LENGTH_LONG 和 Toast.LENGTH_SHORT Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),students.get(num).speak(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); num++; sex=""; hobby=""; } } }); //设置heght监听器 通过键盘按键事件 height.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() { @Override public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { if(keyCode>=7&&keyCode<=16||keyCode==56||keyCode==67){ return false; } else { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"error：只能输入数字和字符'.'",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return true; } } }); //设置weight监听器 weight.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() { @Override public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { if(keyCode>=7&&keyCode<=16||keyCode==56||keyCode==67){ return false; } else { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Error: 只能输入数字或者字符'.'",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return true; } } }); } public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item){ AdapterView.AdapterContextMenuInfo info = (AdapterView.AdapterContextMenuInfo)item.getMenuInfo(); String id = String.valueOf(info.id); int choice = item.getItemId(); if (choice==0) {// Toast.makeText(this, students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).speak(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); Intent intent = new Intent(this,see_info.class); intent.putExtra("name",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getName()); intent.putExtra("height",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getHeight()); intent.putExtra("weight",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getWeight()); intent.putExtra("sex",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getSex()); intent.putExtra("hobby",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getHobby()); intent.putExtra("major",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getMajor()); startActivity(intent); return true; } else { list.remove(Integer.parseInt(id)); students.remove(Integer.parseInt(id)); listView.setAdapter(arr_adapter2); return super.onContextItemSelected(item); } } public void onItemSelected() { spinner_id = spinner.getSelectedItem().toString(); } public void exit(View view){ System.exit(0); }} package com.example.wangz.experimentation_1;import java.io.Serializable;public class Student implements Serializable { String name; String height; String weight; String sex; String hobby; String major; Student(String name,String height,String weight,String sex,String hobby,String major){ this.name = name; this.height = height; this.weight = weight; this.sex = sex; this.hobby = hobby; this.major = major; } Student(){ super(); } public void setname(String name){ this.name = name; } public String getName(){ return name; } public void setheight(String height){ this.height = height; } public String getHeight(){ return height; } public void setweight(String weight){ this.weight = weight; } public String getWeight(){ return weight; } public void setsex(String sex){ this.sex = sex; } public String getSex(){ return sex; } public void sethooby(String hobby){ this.hobby = hobby; } public String getHobby(){ return hobby; } public void setmajor(String major){ this.major = major; } public String getMajor(){ return major; } public String speak(){ String info = "姓名："+name+'\n' +"身高："+height+'\n' +"体重："+weight+'\n' +"性别："+sex+'\n' +"爱好："+hobby+'\n' +"专业："+major; return info; }}
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