[置顶] Android获取本地图片缩略图终极解决方案

QAQ学Android真的还是要在项目中获得锻炼，脱离实际一切都是耍流氓哼唧~！

花了一下午时间搞定了项目中要实现的：获取本地图片缩略图并显示在ListView上的，并且点击要能获得该图片文件路径功能，下面先上效果图：

作为一个新手，大概碰到这种需求的思路就是：

首先，递归遍历本地所有文件，然后按文件后缀名找出所有的图片文件，更好的方式是在媒体库里查找所有的图片(系统已经帮你过滤好了所有的图片文件直接去调用就阔以了)，再通过得到的文件对象file显示图像。

当然这种处理结果就是大概1~2张图片就直接OOM了。（反正我手机里图片都是至少上MB的...）。

所以呢，必须对图片进行压缩，于是我又在网上找到了一个比较好的图片压缩方法(这里没有引用转载地址了，1是因为是昨天找到的现在已经找不到网址了，2是因为很多篇博客都是相同的方法相同的注释，我也不知道到底谁才是原作...)：

/*    *//**     * 根据指定的图像路径和大小来获取缩略图     * 此方法有两点好处：     *     1. 使用较小的内存空间，第一次获取的bitmap实际上为null，只是为了读取宽度和高度，     *        第二次读取的bitmap是根据比例压缩过的图像，第三次读取的bitmap是所要的缩略图。     *     2. 缩略图对于原图像来讲没有拉伸，这里使用了2.2版本的新工具ThumbnailUtils，使     *        用这个工具生成的图像不会被拉伸。     * @param imagePath 图像的路径     * @param width 指定输出图像的宽度     * @param height 指定输出图像的高度     * @return 生成的缩略图     *//*    private Bitmap getImageThumbnail(String imagePath, int width, int height) {        Bitmap bitmap = null;        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;        // 获取这个图片的宽和高，注意此处的bitmap为null        bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath, options);        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false; // 设为 false        // 计算缩放比        int h = options.outHeight;        int w = options.outWidth;        int beWidth = w / width;        int beHeight = h / height;        int be = 1;        if (beWidth < beHeight) {            be = beWidth;        } else {            be = beHeight;        }        if (be <= 0) {            be = 1;        }        options.inSampleSize = be;        // 重新读入图片，读取缩放后的bitmap，注意这次要把options.inJustDecodeBounds 设为 false        bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath, options);        // 利用ThumbnailUtils来创建缩略图，这里要指定要缩放哪个Bitmap对象        bitmap = ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(bitmap, width, height,                ThumbnailUtils.OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT);        return bitmap;    }*/

方法很简单，然而可以发现这个方法其实是做了这么几件事情：

1、根据传入的图片路径构造bitmap，得到原图的宽高.

2、计算图片合适的缩放比.

3、利用ThumbnailUtils来创建缩略图，然后返回这个最终缩放以后的bitmap.

尽管像方法中说的那样：使用较小的内存空间，第一次获取的bitmap实际上为null，只是为了读取宽度和高度，第二次读取的bitmap是根据比例压缩过的图像，第三次读取的bitmap是所要的缩略图。

然而整个方法还是开辟了3个bitmap对象的内存区域，这还不考虑ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail()方法所耗费的时空间。

所以当我使用了这个方法实现了在ListView中遍历本地图片的时候，上下滑起来是灰常卡滴(这里就不贴gif图了有兴趣想知道的朋友可以自己尝试一下)

Finaly，在踏破铁鞋无觅处之后，终于找到了最终解决方法，也是一开始忽略的方法：

原来一直不知道的Thumbnails类，才是解决问题的关键。

在Android系统中也有对应的thumbnails文件，下面是百度百科对它的描述：

然后在MediaStore媒体库类中，也是有Thumbnails这么一个内部类的：

 /**         * This class allows developers to query and get two kinds of thumbnails:         * MINI_KIND: 512 x 384 thumbnail         * MICRO_KIND: 96 x 96 thumbnail         */        public static class Thumbnails implements BaseColumns {            public static final Cursor query(ContentResolver cr, Uri uri, String[] projection) {                return cr.query(uri, projection, null, null, DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);            }            public static final Cursor queryMiniThumbnails(ContentResolver cr, Uri uri, int kind,                    String[] projection) {                return cr.query(uri, projection, "kind = " + kind, null, DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);            }            public static final Cursor queryMiniThumbnail(ContentResolver cr, long origId, int kind,                    String[] projection) {                return cr.query(EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, projection,                        IMAGE_ID + " = " + origId + " AND " + KIND + " = " +                        kind, null, null);            }            /**             * This method cancels the thumbnail request so clients waiting for getThumbnail will be             * interrupted and return immediately. Only the original process which made the getThumbnail             * requests can cancel their own requests.             *             * @param cr ContentResolver             * @param origId original image id             */            public static void cancelThumbnailRequest(ContentResolver cr, long origId) {                InternalThumbnails.cancelThumbnailRequest(cr, origId, EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,                        InternalThumbnails.DEFAULT_GROUP_ID);            }            /**             * This method checks if the thumbnails of the specified image (origId) has been created.             * It will be blocked until the thumbnails are generated.             *             * @param cr ContentResolver used to dispatch queries to MediaProvider.             * @param origId Original image id associated with thumbnail of interest.             * @param kind The type of thumbnail to fetch. Should be either MINI_KIND or MICRO_KIND.             * @param options this is only used for MINI_KIND when decoding the Bitmap             * @return A Bitmap instance. It could be null if the original image             *         associated with origId doesn't exist or memory is not enough.             */            public static Bitmap getThumbnail(ContentResolver cr, long origId, int kind,                    BitmapFactory.Options options) {                return InternalThumbnails.getThumbnail(cr, origId,                        InternalThumbnails.DEFAULT_GROUP_ID, kind, options,                        EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, false);            }            /**             * This method cancels the thumbnail request so clients waiting for getThumbnail will be             * interrupted and return immediately. Only the original process which made the getThumbnail             * requests can cancel their own requests.             *             * @param cr ContentResolver             * @param origId original image id             * @param groupId the same groupId used in getThumbnail.             */            public static void cancelThumbnailRequest(ContentResolver cr, long origId, long groupId) {                InternalThumbnails.cancelThumbnailRequest(cr, origId, EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, groupId);            }            /**             * This method checks if the thumbnails of the specified image (origId) has been created.             * It will be blocked until the thumbnails are generated.             *             * @param cr ContentResolver used to dispatch queries to MediaProvider.             * @param origId Original image id associated with thumbnail of interest.             * @param groupId the id of group to which this request belongs             * @param kind The type of thumbnail to fetch. Should be either MINI_KIND or MICRO_KIND.             * @param options this is only used for MINI_KIND when decoding the Bitmap             * @return A Bitmap instance. It could be null if the original image             *         associated with origId doesn't exist or memory is not enough.             */            public static Bitmap getThumbnail(ContentResolver cr, long origId, long groupId,                    int kind, BitmapFactory.Options options) {                return InternalThumbnails.getThumbnail(cr, origId, groupId, kind, options,                        EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, false);            }            /**             * Get the content:// style URI for the image media table on the             * given volume.             *             * @param volumeName the name of the volume to get the URI for             * @return the URI to the image media table on the given volume             */            public static Uri getContentUri(String volumeName) {                return Uri.parse(CONTENT_AUTHORITY_SLASH + volumeName +                        "/images/thumbnails");            }            /**             * The content:// style URI for the internal storage.             */            public static final Uri INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI =                    getContentUri("internal");            /**             * The content:// style URI for the "primary" external storage             * volume.             */            public static final Uri EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI =                    getContentUri("external");            /**             * The default sort order for this table             */            public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER = "image_id ASC";            /**             * The data stream for the thumbnail             * <P>Type: DATA STREAM</P>             */            public static final String DATA = "_data";            /**             * The original image for the thumbnal             * <P>Type: INTEGER (ID from Images table)</P>             */            public static final String IMAGE_ID = "image_id";            /**             * The kind of the thumbnail             * <P>Type: INTEGER (One of the values below)</P>             */            public static final String KIND = "kind";            public static final int MINI_KIND = 1;            public static final int FULL_SCREEN_KIND = 2;            public static final int MICRO_KIND = 3;            /**             * The blob raw data of thumbnail             * <P>Type: DATA STREAM</P>             */            public static final String THUMB_DATA = "thumb_data";            /**             * The width of the thumbnal             * <P>Type: INTEGER (long)</P>             */            public static final String WIDTH = "width";            /**             * The height of the thumbnail             * <P>Type: INTEGER (long)</P>             */            public static final String HEIGHT = "height";        }    }

我们可以从中找到几个可用于Cursor查找的重要参数：

/**  * The data stream for the thumbnail  * <P>Type: DATA STREAM</P>  */ public static final String DATA = "_data";/**  * The original image for the thumbnal  * <P>Type: INTEGER (ID from Images table)</P>  */ public static final String IMAGE_ID = "image_id";

/**  * The content:// style URI for the "primary" external storage  * volume.  */ public static final Uri EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI =        getContentUri("external");

有了这三个参数，我们就可以很轻松从本地媒体库中获得图片缩略图的ID和路径。

        //先得到缩略图的URL和对应的图片id        Cursor cursor = cr.query(                Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,                new String[]{                        Thumbnails.IMAGE_ID,                        Thumbnails.DATA                },                null,                null,                null);

这里的缩略图ID有什么用呢？我们从它的注释中可以很明显地得到：

/**
* The original image for the thumbnal
* <P>Type: INTEGER (ID from Images table)</P>

ID from Images table！！！这个ID是跟多媒体库中的images表的ID相对应的，由此，我们可以通过这个id来设置cursor的查找条件，从而找出images表中对应的真正的图片文件的路径！

从而完美地实现了文章开头的功能需求。

下面是完整的代码：

获得一个HashMap参数的ArrayList,HashMap项的键"thumbnail_path"对应真实图片路径值，键"image_id_path"对应缩略图路径值，有了这两个路径，想干嘛干嘛了2333

/**     * 得到本地图片文件     * @param context     * @return     */    public static ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>> getAllPictures(Context context) {        ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>> picturemaps = new ArrayList<>();        HashMap<String,String> picturemap;        ContentResolver cr = context.getContentResolver();        //先得到缩略图的URL和对应的图片id        Cursor cursor = cr.query(                Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,                new String[]{                        Thumbnails.IMAGE_ID,                        Thumbnails.DATA                },                null,                null,                null);        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {            do {                picturemap = new HashMap<>();                picturemap.put("image_id_path",cursor.getInt(0)+"");                picturemap.put("thumbnail_path",cursor.getString(1));                picturemaps.add(picturemap);            } while (cursor.moveToNext());            cursor.close();        }        //再得到正常图片的path        for (int i = 0;i<picturemaps.size();i++) {            picturemap = picturemaps.get(i);            String media_id = picturemap.get("image_id_path");            cursor = cr.query(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,                    new String[]{                            MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA                    },                    MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID+"="+media_id,                    null,                    null            );            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {                do {                    picturemap.put("image_id",cursor.getString(0));                    picturemaps.set(i,picturemap);                } while (cursor.moveToNext());                cursor.close();            }        }        return picturemaps;    }

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