Android(安卓)apk的安装、卸载

Android apk的安装、卸载、更新升级（通过Eclipse实现静默安装）发表于2年前(2013-04-06 20:55) 阅读（ 10840） | 评论（ 35） 54人收藏此文章, 我要收藏赞9

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Android apk安装卸载升级;静默安装;Android apk各种安装方式
一、通过Intent消息机制发送消息，调用系统应用进行，实现apk的安装/卸载 。
（1）调用系统的安装应用，让系统自动进行apk的安装
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1 2 3 4 5 String fileName = "/data/data/com.zlc.ipanel.operate/FileOperate.apk"; Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File(fileName)); Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive"); startActivity(intent);

上诉安装不仅可以安装新的apk（从无到有），也可以用于更新旧的apk（版本更新），在进行版本更新的时候，必须保证两个apk的签名是一致的。
如果是一般应用，安装到data/分区下面，新的apk会替换旧的apk。
如果是系统应用，一般安装到system/app下面，更新之后， system/app/下的旧apk仍然存在，系统会将新的apk被复制到data/app下。虽然同时存在两新旧apk，但运行时系统选择data分区的新apk运行，如果执行卸载则是删除data分区的apk，再次启动程序运行的是system目录下旧的apk。
（2）启动系统的卸载应用，让系统自动卸载apk
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1 2 3 4 5 6 //通过程序的包名创建URI Uri packageURI = Uri.parse("package:com.zlc.ipanel"); //创建Intent意图 Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE,packageURI); //执行卸载程序 startActivity(intent);

与apk安装不同的是，Intent消息这里改了：ACTION_DELETE，apk安装使用的是（ACTION_VIEW）

二、通过调用系统提供的接口packageManager对apk进行卸载、安装、获取权限等（静默安装）
（1）需要平台签名（写个Android.mk在源码下编译最省事，当然网上也有很多其他方法，比如：singapk命令行签名）
（2）由于调用的是未公开的API，所以需要引入源码（仅仅做一个马甲，不参与编译）
（3）在AndroidManifest.xml添加安装apk的权限

（4）如果升级失败出现 Unable to open zip '/data/FileOperate.apk': Permission denied，说明是权限不够，有可能当前apk只有（-rw-------）权限，通过Runtime.exec方法修改权限之后再进行升级是可以成功的。

1 2 3 4 PackageManager pm = this.getPackageManager(); File file = new File("/data/data/com.zlc.ipanel.operate/FileOperate.apk"); pm.installPackage(Uri.fromFile(file), null, PackageManager.INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING, "com.zlc.ipanel");

（5）下面举一个例子通过Eclipse来实现静默安装/卸载。
1）按照我们上面讲的静默安装需求一步步实现我们的操作。首先准备马甲（静默安装需要调用的接口）
由于调用了系统未公开的接口，而这些接口有些是通过aidl实现的，下面我们把需要的马甲修改一下。
PackageManager.java

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 /* * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package android.content.pm; import android.content.Context; import android.net.Uri; /** * Class for retrieving various kinds of information related to the application * packages that are currently installed on the device. * * You can find this class through {@link Context#getPackageManager}. */ public abstract class PackageManager { /** * Flag parameter for {@link #installPackage} to indicate that you want to replace an already * installed package, if one exists. * @hide */ public static final int INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING = 0x00000002; /** * @hide * * Install a package. Since this may take a little while, the result will * be posted back to the given observer. An installation will fail if the calling context * lacks the {@link android.Manifest.permission#INSTALL_PACKAGES} permission, if the * package named in the package file's manifest is already installed, or if there's no space * available on the device. * * @param packageURI The location of the package file to install. This can be a 'file:' or a * 'content:' URI. * @param observer An observer callback to get notified when the package installation is * complete. {@link IPackageInstallObserver#packageInstalled(String, int)} will be * called when that happens. observer may be null to indicate that no callback is desired. * @param flags - possible values: {@link #INSTALL_FORWARD_LOCK}, * {@link #INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING}, {@link #INSTALL_ALLOW_TEST}. * @param installerPackageName Optional package name of the application that is performing the * installation. This identifies which market the package came from. */ public abstract void installPackage( Uri packageURI, IPackageInstallObserver observer, int flags, String installerPackageName); /** * Attempts to delete a package. Since this may take a little while, the result will * be posted back to the given observer. A deletion will fail if the calling context * lacks the {@link android.Manifest.permission#DELETE_PACKAGES} permission, if the * named package cannot be found, or if the named package is a "system package". * (TODO: include pointer to documentation on "system packages") * * @param packageName The name of the package to delete * @param observer An observer callback to get notified when the package deletion is * complete. {@link android.content.pm.IPackageDeleteObserver#packageDeleted(boolean)} will be * called when that happens. observer may be null to indicate that no callback is desired. * @param flags - possible values: {@link #DONT_DELETE_DATA} * * @hide */ public abstract void deletePackage( String packageName, IPackageDeleteObserver observer, int flags); }

安装成功的回调接口IPackageInstallObserver.java（修改过的马甲）

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 package android.content.pm; import android.os.RemoteException; public interface IPackageInstallObserver { public class Stub implements IPackageInstallObserver{ public void packageInstalled(String packageName, int returnCode) throws RemoteException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } } }

卸载成功的回调接口IPackageDeleteObserver.java（修改过的马甲）
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 package android.content.pm; public interface IPackageDeleteObserver { public class Stub implements IPackageDeleteObserver{ public void packageDeleted(String packageName, int returnCode) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } } }

2）马甲准备好之后，就开始实现我们的操作逻辑。
实现静默安装/卸载的方法，并且注册回调（无论失败成功都会返回对应值） ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 //静默安装 public static void installApkDefaul(Context context,String fileName,String pakcageName){ Log.d(TAG, "jing mo an zhuang"); File file = new File(fileName); int installFlags = 0; if(!file.exists()) return; Log.d(TAG, "jing mo an zhuang out"); installFlags |= PackageManager.INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING; PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager(); IPackageInstallObserver observer = new MyPakcageInstallObserver(); pm.installPackage(Uri.fromFile(file), observer, installFlags, pakcageName); } //静默卸载 public static void uninstallApkDefaul(Context context,String packageName){ PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager(); IPackageDeleteObserver observer = new MyPackageDeleteObserver(); pm.deletePackage(packageName, observer, 0); } //静默卸载回调 private static class MyPackageDeleteObserver extends IPackageDeleteObserver.Stub{ @Override public void packageDeleted(String packageName, int returnCode) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Log.d(TAG, "returnCode = "+returnCode);//返回1代表卸载成功 } } //静默安装回调 private static class MyPakcageInstallObserver extends IPackageInstallObserver.Stub{ @Override public void packageInstalled(String packageName, int returnCode) throws RemoteException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Log.i(TAG, "returnCode = " + returnCode);//返回1代表安装成功 } }

3）主要的逻辑实现之后，在AndroidManifest.xml 添加安装和卸载的权限
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1 2	`<uses-permission` `android:name="android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES"` `/>` `<uses-permission` `android:name="android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES"` `/>`

4）运行Eclipse，生成该应用的apk，下面就要进行系统签名了。写一个脚本来来实现替换成系统签名
使用签名包签名首先我们要去源码里面取出下面这几个文件platform.x509.pem、platform.pk8、signapk.jar

脚本1.bat （和生成的apk以及上面三个文件放到同一个目录下面，一般为工程下面的bin目录）
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1 2 3 java -jar signapk.jar platform.x509.pem platform.pk8 FileUpdateControl.apk 1.apk adb uninstall com.zlc.ipanel.operate adb install 1.apk

5）当下载到系统里面的apk权限不够时（静默安装提示权限问题，有可能当前apk只有（-rw-------）权限）
可以使用下面三种方式修改权限

1.使用Runtime来启动一个线程修改权限

1 2 3 4 5 6 try { Runtime.getRuntime().exec("chmod 777 " + file.getCanonicalPath()); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }

2.写一个native接口直接通过jni调用c的接口修改权限。
3.使用FileUtils，这个类默认是隐藏的，官方sdk中不包含这个类，所以代码如果要使用这个类，需要将工程放到android源码中编译
FileUtils.setPermissions(f.getAbsolutePath(), FileUtils.S_IRUSR | FileUtils.S_IWUSR | FileUtils.S_IRGRP | FileUtils.S_IROTH, -1, -1) ;

三、其他apk安装的方法

（1）通过cmd窗口 adb 命令，install / uninstall apk。
（2）cp apk 到 system/app目录下，系统会自动安装
（3）直接通过代码调用pm命令执行apk的安装和卸载

1	execCommand("pm", "install", "-f", filePath);//安装apk，filePath为apk文件路径，如/sdcard/operate.apk

2	execCommand("pm", "uninstall", packageName);//卸载apk，packageName为包名，如com.zlc.ipanel

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