Android之设置EditText输入类型(setInputType()方法和android:inputType属性)

在Android开发过程中，我们经常使用到EditText控件，并且会根据各种需求设置它的输入类型。设置EditText输入类型主要有两种方法，一种是使用EditText的setInputType()方法，另一种是在布局文件中使用android:inputType属性来设置。
下面将介绍这两种方法：

（1）使用EditText的setInputType()方法设置输入类型：

    EditText editText;    //输入类型为没有指定明确的类型的特殊内容类型    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NULL);    //输入类型为普通文本    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT);    //输入类型为数字文本    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER);    //输入类型为电话号码    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_PHONE);    //输入类型为日期和时间    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME);    //输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的缺省变化值，允许输入日期和时间。    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_NORMAL);    //输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的缺省变化值，只允许输入一个日期。    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_DATE);    //输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的缺省变化值，只允许输入一个时间。    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME);    //输入类型为决定所给文本整体类的位掩码    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_MASK_CLASS);    //输入类型为提供附加标志位选项的位掩码    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_MASK_FLAGS);    //输入类型为决定基类内容变化的位掩码    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_MASK_VARIATION);    //输入类型为小数数字，允许十进制小数点提供分数值。    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL);    //输入类型为数字是带符号的，允许在开头带正号或者负号    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED);    //输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}的缺省变化值：为纯普通数字文本    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_NORMAL);    //输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}的缺省变化值：为数字密码    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_PASSWORD);    //输入类型为自动完成文本类型    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE);    //输入类型为自动纠正文本类型    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT);    //输入类型为所有字符大写    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_CHARACTERS);    //输入类型为每句的第一个字符大写    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES);    //输入类型为每个单词的第一个字母大写    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS);    //输入多行文本    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_IME_MULTI_LINE);    //进行输入时，输入法无提示    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS);    //输入一个短的，可能是非正式的消息，如即时消息或短信。    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_SHORT_MESSAGE);    //输入长内容，可能是正式的消息内容，比如电子邮件的主体    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_LONG_MESSAGE);    //输入文本以过滤列表等内容    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_FILTER);    //输入一个电子邮件地址    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS);    //输入电子邮件主题行    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_SUBJECT);    //输入一个密码    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD);    //输入老式的普通文本    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_NORMAL);    //输入人名    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PERSON_NAME);    //输入邮寄地址    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS);    //输入语音发音输入文本，如联系人拼音名称字段    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PHONETIC);    //输入URI    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI);    //输入对用户可见的密码    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD);    //输入网页表单中的文本    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_EDIT_TEXT);    //输入网页表单中的邮件地址    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_EMAIL_ADDRESS);    //输入网页表单中的密码    editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_PASSWORD);

下面是几个简单的例子：

        /**         * 第一个例子：对用户可见的密码字段         */        editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT |                InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD);        /**         * 第二个例子：具有自动大写的多行邮寄地址         */        editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT |                InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS |                InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_MULTI_LINE);        /**         * 第三个例子：一个时间字段         */        editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME |                InputType.TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME);

在本文的后续，将会附上Android源码中的InputType.java。

（2）在布局文件中使用android:inputType属性来设置：

    //输入类型为没有指定明确的类型的特殊内容类型    android:inputType="none"    //输入类型为普通文本    android:inputType="text"     //输入类型为数字文本     android:inputType="number"    //输入类型为电话号码     android:inputType=”phone”    //输入类型为日期和时间     android:inputType=”datetime”     //输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的缺省变化值，只允许输入一个日期。     android:inputType=”date”     //输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的缺省变化值，只允许输入一个时间。     android:inputType=”time”    //输入类型为小数数字，允许十进制小数点提供分数值。     android:inputType="numberDecimal"    //输入类型为数字是带符号的，允许在开头带正号或者负号     android:inputType="numberSigned"    //输入类型为数字密码     android:inputType="numberPassword"    //输入类型为自动完成文本类型     android:inputType="textAutoComplete"    //输入类型为自动纠正文本类型     android:inputType="textAutoCorrect"    //输入类型为所有字符大写     android:inputType="textCapCharacters"    //输入类型为每句的第一个字符大写     android:inputType="textCapSentences"    //输入类型为每个单词的第一个字母大写     android:inputType="textCapWords"    //输入法多行文本     android:inputType="textImeMultiLine"    //进行输入时，输入法无提示     android:inputType="textNoSuggestions"     //输入一个短的，可能是非正式的消息，如即时消息或短信。     android:inputType="textShortMessage"    //输入长内容，可能是正式的消息内容，比如电子邮件的主体     android:inputType="textLongMessage"    //输入文本以过滤列表等内容     android:inputType="textFilter"    //输入一个电子邮件地址     android:inputType="textEmailAddress"    //输入电子邮件主题行     android:inputType="textEmailSubject"    //输入一个密码     android:inputType="textPassword"    //输入对用户可见的密码     android:inputType="textVisiblePassword"    //输入人的姓名     android:inputType="textPersonName"    //输入邮寄地址     android:inputType="textPostalAddress"    //输入语音发音输入文本，如联系人拼音名称字段     android:inputType="textPhonetic"    //输入URI     android:inputType="textUri"    //输入网页表单中的文本     android:inputType="textWebEditText"    //输入网页表单中的邮件地址     android:inputType="textWebEmailAddress"    //输入网页表单中的密码     android:inputType="textWebPassword"

最后，附上上Android源码中的InputType.java：

/* * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */package android.text;import android.text.TextUtils;/** * Bit definitions for an integer defining the basic content type of text * held in an {@link Editable} object. Supported classes may be combined * with variations and flags to indicate desired behaviors. * * Examples
 * *  * A password field with with the password visible to the user: * 
inputType = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | *     TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD * * 
A multi-line postal address with automatic capitalization: * 
inputType = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | *     TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS | *     TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_MULTI_LINE * * 
A time field: * 
inputType = TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME | *     TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME * 
 */public interface InputType {    /**     * Mask of bits that determine the overall class     * of text being given.  Currently supported classes are:     * {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}, {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER},     * {@link #TYPE_CLASS_PHONE}, {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}.     * IME authors: If the class is not one you     * understand, assume {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT} with NO variation     * or flags.
     */    public static final int TYPE_MASK_CLASS = 0x0000000f;    /**     * Mask of bits that determine the variation of     * the base content class.     */    public static final int TYPE_MASK_VARIATION = 0x00000ff0;    /**     * Mask of bits that provide addition bit flags     * of options.     */    public static final int TYPE_MASK_FLAGS = 0x00fff000;    /**     * Special content type for when no explicit type has been specified.     * This should be interpreted to mean that the target input connection     * is not rich, it can not process and show things like candidate text nor     * retrieve the current text, so the input method will need to run in a     * limited "generate key events" mode, if it supports it. Note that some     * input methods may not support it, for example a voice-based input     * method will likely not be able to generate key events even if this     * flag is set.     */    public static final int TYPE_NULL = 0x00000000;    /**     * Class for normal text.  This class supports the following flags (only     * one of which should be set):     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_CHARACTERS},     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS}, and.     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES}.  It also supports the     * following variations:     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_NORMAL}, and     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI}.  If you do not recognize the     * variation, normal should be assumed.     */    public static final int TYPE_CLASS_TEXT = 0x00000001;    /**     * Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: capitalize all characters.  Overrides     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS} and     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES}.  This value is explicitly defined     * to be the same as {@link TextUtils#CAP_MODE_CHARACTERS}. Of course,     * this only affects languages where there are upper-case and lower-case letters.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_CHARACTERS = 0x00001000;    /**     * Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: capitalize the first character of     * every word.  Overrides {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES}.  This     * value is explicitly defined     * to be the same as {@link TextUtils#CAP_MODE_WORDS}. Of course,     * this only affects languages where there are upper-case and lower-case letters.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS = 0x00002000;    /**     * Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: capitalize the first character of     * each sentence.  This value is explicitly defined     * to be the same as {@link TextUtils#CAP_MODE_SENTENCES}. For example     * in English it means to capitalize after a period and a space (note that other     * languages may have different characters for period, or not use spaces,     * or use different grammatical rules). Of course,     * this only affects languages where there are upper-case and lower-case letters.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES = 0x00004000;    /**     * Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the user is entering free-form     * text that should have auto-correction applied to it. Without this flag,     * the IME will not try to correct typos. You should always set this flag     * unless you really expect users to type non-words in this field, for     * example to choose a name for a character in a game.     * Contrast this with {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE} and     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS}:     * {@code TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} means that the IME will try to     * auto-correct typos as the user is typing, but does not define whether     * the IME offers an interface to show suggestions.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT = 0x00008000;    /**     * Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the text editor (which means     * the application) is performing auto-completion of the text being entered     * based on its own semantics, which it will present to the user as they type.     * This generally means that the input method should not be showing     * candidates itself, but can expect the editor to supply its own     * completions/candidates from     * {@link android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodSession#displayCompletions     * InputMethodSession.displayCompletions()} as a result of the editor calling     * {@link android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager#displayCompletions     * InputMethodManager.displayCompletions()}.     * Note the contrast with {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} and     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS}:     * {@code TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE} means the editor should show an     * interface for displaying suggestions, but instead of supplying its own     * it will rely on the Editor to pass completions/corrections.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE = 0x00010000;    /**     * Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: multiple lines of text can be     * entered into the field.  If this flag is not set, the text field      * will be constrained to a single line. The IME may also choose not to     * display an enter key when this flag is not set, as there should be no     * need to create new lines.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_MULTI_LINE = 0x00020000;    /**     * Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the regular text view associated     * with this should not be multi-line, but when a fullscreen input method     * is providing text it should use multiple lines if it can.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_IME_MULTI_LINE = 0x00040000;    /**     * Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the input method does not need to     * display any dictionary-based candidates. This is useful for text views that     * do not contain words from the language and do not benefit from any     * dictionary-based completions or corrections. It overrides the     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} value when set.     * Please avoid using this unless you are certain this is what you want.     * Many input methods need suggestions to work well, for example the ones     * based on gesture typing. Consider clearing     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} instead if you just do not     * want the IME to correct typos.     * Note the contrast with {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} and     * {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE}:     * {@code TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS} means the IME should never     * show an interface to display suggestions. Most IMEs will also take this to     * mean they should not try to auto-correct what the user is typing.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS = 0x00080000;    /**     * Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: plain old normal text.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_NORMAL = 0x00000000;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a URI.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI = 0x00000010;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering an e-mail address.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS = 0x00000020;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering the subject line of     * an e-mail.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_SUBJECT = 0x00000030;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a short, possibly informal     * message such as an instant message or a text message.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_SHORT_MESSAGE = 0x00000040;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering the content of a long, possibly      * formal message such as the body of an e-mail.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_LONG_MESSAGE = 0x00000050;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering the name of a person.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PERSON_NAME = 0x00000060;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a postal mailing address.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS = 0x00000070;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a password.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD = 0x00000080;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a password, which should     * be visible to the user.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD = 0x00000090;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering text inside of a web form.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_EDIT_TEXT = 0x000000a0;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering text to filter contents     * of a list etc.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_FILTER = 0x000000b0;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering text for phonetic     * pronunciation, such as a phonetic name field in contacts. This is mostly     * useful for languages where one spelling may have several phonetic     * readings, like Japanese.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PHONETIC = 0x000000c0;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering e-mail address inside     * of a web form.  This was added in     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}.  An IME must target     * this API version or later to see this input type; if it doesn't, a request     * for this type will be seen as {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS}     * when passed through {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)     * EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_EMAIL_ADDRESS = 0x000000d0;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering password inside     * of a web form.  This was added in     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}.  An IME must target     * this API version or later to see this input type; if it doesn't, a request     * for this type will be seen as {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD}     * when passed through {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)     * EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.     */    public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_PASSWORD = 0x000000e0;    /**     * Class for numeric text.  This class supports the following flags:     * {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED} and     * {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL}.  It also supports the following     * variations: {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_NORMAL} and     * {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_PASSWORD}.     * 
IME authors: If you do not recognize     * the variation, normal should be assumed.
     */    public static final int TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER = 0x00000002;    /**     * Flag of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: the number is signed, allowing     * a positive or negative sign at the start.     */    public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED = 0x00001000;    /**     * Flag of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: the number is decimal, allowing     * a decimal point to provide fractional values.     */    public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL = 0x00002000;    /**     * Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: plain normal     * numeric text.  This was added in     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}.  An IME must target     * this API version or later to see this input type; if it doesn't, a request     * for this type will be dropped when passed through     * {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)     * EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.     */    public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_NORMAL = 0x00000000;    /**     * Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: entering a numeric password.     * This was added in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}.  An     * IME must target this API version or later to see this input type; if it     * doesn't, a request for this type will be dropped when passed     * through {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)     * EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.     */    public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_PASSWORD = 0x00000010;    /**     * Class for a phone number.  This class currently supports no variations     * or flags.     */    public static final int TYPE_CLASS_PHONE = 0x00000003;    /**     * Class for dates and times.  It supports the     * following variations:     * {@link #TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_NORMAL}     * {@link #TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_DATE}, and     * {@link #TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME}.     */    public static final int TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME = 0x00000004;    /**     * Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}: allows entering     * both a date and time.     */    public static final int TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_NORMAL = 0x00000000;    /**     * Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}: allows entering     * only a date.     */    public static final int TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_DATE = 0x00000010;    /**     * Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}: allows entering     * only a time.     */    public static final int TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME = 0x00000020;}

Examples

更多相关文章

随机推荐