android studio使用espresso做自动化测试

最近尝试在项目中使用Espresso做UI测试，现在记下点笔记。
在android studio项目里打开应用build.gradle文件，在dependencies里添加依赖项：

// Warning:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:support-annotations'.    // Resolved versions for app (23.1.0) and test app (23.0.1) differ.    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.1.0'    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4'    // Set this dependency to use JUnit 4 rules    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4'    // Set this dependency to build and run Espresso tests    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1'    // Set this dependency to build and run UI Automator tests//    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.2'    // RecycleViews Espresso supports    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.1') {        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'appcompat'        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'        exclude module: 'recyclerview-v7'    }

在android defaultConfig里添加这段配置：

        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"

到这里，配置已经成功！
在项目test路径下，创建测试类MainActivityTest.class
一般用到的测试库和方法有：

import static android.os.SystemClock.sleep;import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.pressBack;import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText;import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isDisplayed;import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.allOf;//这是个很好东西

这里偶尔会出现使用方法的时候没有建议添加import，所以先给上面的import了

在测试类里添加以下代码：

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)@LargeTestpublic class CaseBookMarkCheck {    @Rule    public ActivityTestRule mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);    public MainActivity mMainActivity = null;    @Before    public void setMainActivity() {        this.mMainActivity = mActivityRule.getActivity();    }    @Test    public void testMain() {        // 最好添加延迟，不然速度会很快，连UI界面都看不到        // 有时做网络请求的时候也要使用到        sleep(5000);        // 通过Id获取控件，也可以通过withText获取        onView(allOf(withId(R.id.btnStart), isDisplayed())).perform(click());        sleep(3000);        }}

运行时，需要在运行的config上把Specific instrumentation runner(optional)修改为：

android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner

因为刚刚接触这好东西，对里面的API并没有太熟悉，于是写了一个比较容易理解的方法去获取当前控件：

/**     * 通过matcher的规则，获取指定当前UI的控件对象     * DENO：     * RecyclerView recyclerView =     * UITestUtil.getControl(allOf(withId(R.id.view), isDisplayed()), RecyclerView.class);     * @param matcher   matcher的规则     * @param type      UI控件的class     * @param        转换的UI控件     * @return          返回UI控件     */    public static  T getControl(final Matcher matcher, final Class type){        T targetUIObject;        final View[] target = new View[1];        onView(matcher).perform(new ViewAction() {            @Override            public Matcher getConstraints() {                return isAssignableFrom(type);            }            @Override            public String getDescription() {                return "getting " + type.getSimpleName();            }            @Override            public void perform(UiController uiController, View view) {                target[0] = view;            }        });        targetUIObject = (T) target[0];        return targetUIObject;    }// 使用方式，recyclerView滑动到最后一项RecyclerView recyclerView = getControl(allOf(withId(R.id.recyclerView), isDisplayed()), RecyclerView.class);        recyclerView.smoothScrollToPosition(recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount() - 1);

参考：
https://google.github.io/android-testing-support-library/samples/index.html

https://google.github.io/android-testing-support-library/docs/espresso/setup/

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