分享两种最简单的Android打渠道包的方法

方式一：
转自：http://blog.csdn.net/wei1583812/article/details/44463697

做Android开发一转眼就四年了，以前是用ant打包的，习惯了也没觉得慢。

今年年初加入了新公司，新公司用的是Android studio开发，用的是gradle构建项目。

由于gradle构建每次都是重新编译项目，所以打包时就特别慢了，16个渠道包要打一个小时吧。

然后我们的项目负责人就交给我一个任务，研究下有什么快的打包方法，

并发给我一篇参考文章：http://tech.meituan.com/mt-apk-packaging.html

我一边写代码一边测试，终于找到了一种很快的打渠道包的方法。

因为APK其实就是ZIP的格式，所以，解压apk后，会看到里面有个META-INF目录。

由于META-INF目录并不会影响到APK的签名和运行，所以我们可以在META-INF目录里添加一个空文件，

不同的渠道就添加不同的空文件，文件名代表不同的渠道。

代码是java写的：

public class Tool {    private static final String CHANNEL_PREFIX = "/META-INF/";    private static final String CHANNEL_PATH_MATCHER = "regex:/META-INF/mtchannel_[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,5}";    private static String source_path;    private static final String channel_file_name = "channel_list.txt";    private static final String channel_flag = "channel_";    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        //        if (args.length <= 0) {//            System.out.println("请输入文件路径作为参数");//            return;//        }//        final String source_apk_path = args[0];//main方法传入的源apk的路径，是执行jar时命令行传入的，不懂的往下看。        String source_apk_path = "D:/apk/app.apk";        int last_index = source_apk_path.lastIndexOf("/") + 1;        source_path = source_apk_path.substring(0, last_index);        final String source_apk_name = source_apk_path.substring(last_index, source_apk_path.length());        System.out.println("包路径：" + source_path);        System.out.println("文件名：" + source_apk_name);        ArrayList channel_list = getChannelList(source_path + channel_file_name);        final String last_name = ".apk";        for (int i = 0; i < channel_list.size(); i++) {            final String new_apk_path = source_path + source_apk_name.substring(0, source_apk_name.length() - last_name.length()) //                    + "_" + channel_list.get(i) + last_name;            copyFile(source_apk_path, new_apk_path);            changeChannel(new_apk_path, channel_flag + channel_list.get(i));        }    }    /**     * 修改渠道号，原理是在apk的META-INF下新建一个文件名为渠道号的文件     */    public static boolean changeChannel(final String zipFilename, final String channel) {        try (FileSystem zipfs = createZipFileSystem(zipFilename, false)) {            final Path root = zipfs.getPath("/META-INF/");            ChannelFileVisitor visitor = new ChannelFileVisitor();            Files.walkFileTree(root, visitor);            Path existChannel = visitor.getChannelFile();            Path newChannel = zipfs.getPath(CHANNEL_PREFIX + channel);            if (existChannel != null) {                Files.move(existChannel, newChannel, StandardCopyOption.ATOMIC_MOVE);            } else {                Files.createFile(newChannel);            }            return true;        } catch (IOException e) {            System.out.println("添加渠道号失败：" + channel);            e.printStackTrace();        }        return false;    }    private static FileSystem createZipFileSystem(String zipFilename, boolean create) throws IOException {        final Path path = Paths.get(zipFilename);        final URI uri = URI.create("jar:file:" + path.toUri().getPath());        final Map env = new HashMap<>();        if (create) {            env.put("create", "true");        }        return FileSystems.newFileSystem(uri, env);    }    private static class ChannelFileVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path> {        private Path channelFile;        private PathMatcher matcher = FileSystems.getDefault().getPathMatcher(CHANNEL_PATH_MATCHER);        public Path getChannelFile() {            return channelFile;        }        @Override        public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {            if (matcher.matches(file)) {                channelFile = file;                return FileVisitResult.TERMINATE;            } else {                return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;            }        }    }    /** 得到渠道列表 */    private static ArrayList getChannelList(String filePath) {        ArrayList channel_list = new ArrayList();        try {            String encoding = "UTF-8";            File file = new File(filePath);            if (file.isFile() && file.exists()) { // 判断文件是否存在                InputStreamReader read = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file), encoding);// 考虑到编码格式                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(read);                String lineTxt = null;                while ((lineTxt = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {                    // System.out.println(lineTxt);                    if (lineTxt != null && lineTxt.length() > 0) {                        channel_list.add(lineTxt);                    }                }                read.close();            } else {                System.out.println("找不到指定的文件");            }        } catch (Exception e) {            System.out.println("读取文件内容出错");            e.printStackTrace();        }        return channel_list;    }    /** 复制文件 */    private static void copyFile(final String source_file_path, final String target_file_path) throws IOException {        File sourceFile = new File(source_file_path);        File targetFile = new File(target_file_path);        BufferedInputStream inBuff = null;        BufferedOutputStream outBuff = null;        try {            // 新建文件输入流并对它进行缓冲            inBuff = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(sourceFile));            // 新建文件输出流并对它进行缓冲            outBuff = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(targetFile));            // 缓冲数组            byte[] b = new byte[1024 * 5];            int len;            while ((len = inBuff.read(b)) != -1) {                outBuff.write(b, 0, len);            }            // 刷新此缓冲的输出流            outBuff.flush();        } catch (Exception e) {            System.out.println("复制文件失败：" + target_file_path);            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            // 关闭流            if (inBuff != null)                inBuff.close();            if (outBuff != null)                outBuff.close();        }    }}

1、新建一个java工程，把上面的代码复制进去。
2、对着这个类点右键，选择Export-java-Runnable JAR file

3、在Launch configuration中，选择你所要导出的类（如果这里不能选择，那么你要run一下你的工程，run成功了才能选择你要导为jar的类），

假设导出的jar的名字是apktool.jar

然后在命令行输入：

java -jar /Users/company/Documents/apk/apktool.jar /Users/company/Documents/apk/test.apk

我用的mac电脑，路径和windows不一样，上面的路径都是拖拽进命令行的。

/Users/company/Documents/apk/apktool.jar 表示jar包所在路径；

/Users/company/Documents/apk/test.apk表示你源apk路径，这个是作为命令行参数传入main方法的。

test.apk就是你已经打包成功的一个apk，就是源apk，在你源apk的基础上生成渠道包。

channel_list.txt一定要和这个源apk在同一个目录下。

比如channel_list.txt里面的数据结构如下：

360xiaomianzhibaidu

运行命令后，你会发现在channel_list.text和源apk目录下，会生成你想要的渠道包。
你可以把扩展名改为.zip，然后解压看看是否在META-INF目录下生成你想要的渠道名文件。

最后，就是读取这个渠道标识了，代码是写在Android工程里的，代码如下：

private static String channel = null;    public static String getChannel(Context context) {        if (channel != null) {            return channel;        }        final String start_flag = "META-INF/channel_";        ApplicationInfo appinfo = context.getApplicationInfo();        String sourceDir = appinfo.sourceDir;        ZipFile zipfile = null;        try {            zipfile = new ZipFile(sourceDir);            Enumeration<?> entries = zipfile.entries();            while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {                ZipEntry entry = ((ZipEntry) entries.nextElement());                String entryName = entry.getName();                if (entryName.contains(start_flag)) {                    channel = entryName.replace(start_flag, "");                    break;                }            }        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            if (zipfile != null) {                try {                    zipfile.close();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }        if (channel == null || channel.length() <= 0) {            channel = "guanwang";//读不到渠道号就默认是官方渠道        }        return channel;    }

如果你用的友盟统计，可以在主Activity里这么写：AnalyticsConfig.setChannel(“获取到的渠道”);

好了，结束了，有问题留言。

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方式二：

把渠道信息写入APK文件的末尾

这个方法不需要解压缩，直接向apk文件末尾处写数据就可以了。打包速度比上个方法还要快一些（因为少了解压缩和压缩的过程）。

原理探究

写：apk文件打包好了之后，向apk文件的最末位处写入开始写入渠道的标记，再把渠道写到标记之后。这样apk的渠道已经写好了。

读：程序在启动的时候，直接找到apk的存储位置，读流的方式找到之前写的标记位，标记位之后就是渠道了，拿到渠道之后对这个数据做持久化处理就可以了（放sp或者sqlite里都可以），这样就不用每次都读渠道号啦。

/* * Copyright (C) 2014 [email protected] *  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at *  *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 *  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */package com.example.multichannel2;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;import java.io.Closeable;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.RandomAccessFile;import java.nio.ByteBuffer;import java.nio.ByteOrder;import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;import java.security.Key;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.LinkedHashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.zip.ZipFile;import javax.crypto.Cipher;import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec;import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;/** * 多渠道打包工具；
 * 利用的是Zip文件“可以添加comment（注释）”的数据结构特点，在文件的末尾写入任意数据，而不用重新解压zip文件（apk文件就是zip文件格式）；
 * 创建时间： 2014-12-16 18:56:29 * @author zhangguojun * @version 1.1 * @since JDK1.6 Android2.2 */public class MCPTool {    /**     * 数据结构体的签名标记     */    private static final String SIG = "MCPT";    /**     * 数据结构的版本号     */    private static final String VERSION_1_1 = "1.1";    /**     * 数据编码格式     */    private static final String CHARSET_NAME = "UTF-8";    /**     * 加密用的IvParameterSpec参数     */    private static final byte[] IV = new byte[] { 1, 3, 1, 4, 5, 2, 0, 1 };    /**     * 写入数据     * @param path 文件路径     * @param content 写入的内容     * @param password 加密密钥     * @throws Exception     */    private static void write(File path, String content, String password) throws Exception {        write(path, content.getBytes(CHARSET_NAME), password);    }    /**     * 写入数据（如：渠道号）     * @param path 文件路径     * @param content 写入的内容     * @param password 加密密钥     * @throws Exception     */    private static void write(File path, byte[] content, String password) throws Exception {        ZipFile zipFile = new ZipFile(path);        boolean isIncludeComment = zipFile.getComment() != null;        zipFile.close();        if (isIncludeComment) {            throw new IllegalStateException("Zip comment is exists, Repeated write is not recommended.");        }        boolean isEncrypt = password != null && password.length() > 0;        byte[] bytesContent = isEncrypt ? encrypt(password, content) : content;        byte[] bytesVersion = VERSION_1_1.getBytes(CHARSET_NAME);        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();        baos.write(bytesContent); // 写入内容；        baos.write(short2Stream((short) bytesContent.length)); // 写入内容长度；        baos.write(isEncrypt ? 1 : 0); // 写入是否加密标示；        baos.write(bytesVersion); // 写入版本号；        baos.write(short2Stream((short) bytesVersion.length)); // 写入版本号长度；        baos.write(SIG.getBytes(CHARSET_NAME)); // 写入SIG标记；        byte[] data = baos.toByteArray();        baos.close();        if (data.length > Short.MAX_VALUE) {            throw new IllegalStateException("Zip comment length > 32767.");        }        // Zip文件末尾数据结构：{@see java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream.writeEND}        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(path, "rw");        raf.seek(path.length() - 2); // comment长度是short类型        raf.write(short2Stream((short) data.length)); // 重新写入comment长度，注意Android apk文件使用的是ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN（小端序）；        raf.write(data);        raf.close();    }    /**     * 读取数据     * @param path 文件路径     * @param password 解密密钥     * @return 被该工具写入的数据（如：渠道号）     * @throws Exception     */    private static byte[] read(File path, String password) throws Exception {        byte[] bytesContent = null;        byte[] bytesMagic = SIG.getBytes(CHARSET_NAME);        byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesMagic.length];        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(path, "r");        Object[] versions = getVersion(raf);        long index = (long) versions[0];        String version = (String) versions[1];        if (VERSION_1_1.equals(version)) {            bytes = new byte[1];            index -= bytes.length;            readFully(raf, index, bytes); // 读取内容长度；            boolean isEncrypt = bytes[0] == 1;            bytes = new byte[2];            index -= bytes.length;            readFully(raf, index, bytes); // 读取内容长度；            int lengthContent = stream2Short(bytes, 0);            bytesContent = new byte[lengthContent];            index -= lengthContent;            readFully(raf, index, bytesContent); // 读取内容；            if (isEncrypt && password != null && password.length() > 0) {                bytesContent = decrypt(password, bytesContent);            }        }        raf.close();        return bytesContent;    }    /**     * 读取数据结构的版本号     * @param raf RandomAccessFile     * @return 数组对象，[0] randomAccessFile.seek的index，[1] 数据结构的版本号     * @throws IOException     */    private static Object[] getVersion(RandomAccessFile raf) throws IOException {        String version = null;        byte[] bytesMagic = SIG.getBytes(CHARSET_NAME);        byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesMagic.length];        long index = raf.length();        index -= bytesMagic.length;        readFully(raf, index, bytes); // 读取SIG标记；        if (Arrays.equals(bytes, bytesMagic)) {            bytes = new byte[2];            index -= bytes.length;            readFully(raf, index, bytes); // 读取版本号长度；            int lengthVersion = stream2Short(bytes, 0);            index -= lengthVersion;            byte[] bytesVersion = new byte[lengthVersion];            readFully(raf, index, bytesVersion); // 读取内容；            version = new String(bytesVersion, CHARSET_NAME);        }        return new Object[] { index, version };    }    /**     * RandomAccessFile seek and readFully     * @param raf     * @param index     * @param buffer     * @throws IOException     */    private static void readFully(RandomAccessFile raf, long index, byte[] buffer) throws IOException {        raf.seek(index);        raf.readFully(buffer);    }    /**     * 读取数据（如：渠道号）     * @param path 文件路径     * @param password 解密密钥     * @return 被该工具写入的数据（如：渠道号）     */    public static String readContent(File path, String password) {        try {            return new String(read(path, password), CHARSET_NAME);        } catch (Exception ignore) {        }        return null;    }    /**     * Android平台读取渠道号     * @param context Android中的android.content.Context对象     * @param mcptoolPassword mcptool解密密钥     * @param defValue 读取不到时用该值作为默认值     * @return     */    public static String getChannelId(Object context, String mcptoolPassword, String defValue) {        String content = MCPTool.readContent(new File(getPackageCodePath(context)), mcptoolPassword);        return content == null || content.length() == 0 ? defValue : content;    }    /**     * 获取已安装apk文件的存储路径（这里使用反射，因为MCPTool项目本身不需要导入Android的运行库）     * @param context Android中的Context对象     * @return     */    private static String getPackageCodePath(Object context) {        try {            return (String) context.getClass().getMethod("getPackageCodePath").invoke(context);        } catch (Exception ignore) {        }        return null;    }    /**     * 加密     * @param password     * @param content     * @return     * @throws Exception     */    private static byte[] encrypt(String password, byte[] content) throws Exception {        return cipher(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, password, content);    }    /**     * 解密     * @param password     * @param content     * @return     * @throws Exception     */    private static byte[] decrypt(String password, byte[] content) throws Exception {        return cipher(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, password, content);    }    /**     * 加解密     * @param cipherMode     * @param password     * @param content     * @return     * @throws Exception     */    private static byte[] cipher(int cipherMode, String password, byte[] content) throws Exception {        DESKeySpec dks = new DESKeySpec(password.getBytes(CHARSET_NAME));        SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");        Key secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(dks);        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");        IvParameterSpec spec = new IvParameterSpec(IV);        cipher.init(cipherMode, secretKey, spec);        return cipher.doFinal(content);    }    /**     * short转换成字节数组（小端序）     * @param stream     * @param offset     * @return     */    private static short stream2Short(byte[] stream, int offset) {        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);        buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);        buffer.put(stream[offset]);        buffer.put(stream[offset + 1]);        return buffer.getShort(0);    }    /**     * 字节数组转换成short（小端序）     * @param data     * @return     */    private static byte[] short2Stream(short data) {        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);        buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);        buffer.putShort(data);        buffer.flip();        return buffer.array();    }    /**     * nio高速拷贝文件     * @param source     * @param target     * @return     * @throws IOException     */    private static boolean nioTransferCopy(File source, File target) throws IOException {        FileChannel in = null;        FileChannel out = null;        FileInputStream inStream = null;        FileOutputStream outStream = null;        try {            File parent = target.getParentFile();            if (!parent.exists()) {                parent.mkdirs();            }            inStream = new FileInputStream(source);            outStream = new FileOutputStream(target);            in = inStream.getChannel();            out = outStream.getChannel();            return in.transferTo(0, in.size(), out) == in.size();        } finally {            close(inStream);            close(in);            close(outStream);            close(out);        }    }    /**     * 关闭数据流     * @param closeable     */    private static void close(Closeable closeable) {        if (closeable != null) {            try {                closeable.close();            } catch (IOException ignore) {            }        }    }//  /**//   * 简单测试代码段//   * @param args//   * @throws Exception//   *///  public static void test() throws Exception {//      String content = "abc";//      String password = "123456789";//      System.out.println("content = " + content);//      String contentE = new String(encrypt(password, content.getBytes(CHARSET_NAME)), CHARSET_NAME);//      System.out.println("contentE = " + contentE);//      String contentD = new String(decrypt(password, contentE.getBytes(CHARSET_NAME)), CHARSET_NAME);//      System.out.println("contentD = " + contentD);//      //  }    /**     * jar命令行的入口方法     * @param args     * @throws Exception     */    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        args = "-path D:/apk/app.apk -outdir D:/apk/new/ -contents xiaomi;360; -password 12345678".split(" ");//写入//      args = "-version".split(" ");//      args = "-path D:/apk/app_360.apk -password 12345678".split(" ");//读取        long time = System.currentTimeMillis();        String cmdPath  = "-path";        String cmdOutdir  = "-outdir";        String cmdContents  = "-contents";        String cmdPassword  = "-password";        String cmdVersion  = "-version";        String help = "用法：java -jar MCPTool.jar [" + cmdPath + "] [arg0] [" + cmdOutdir + "] [arg1] [" + cmdContents + "] [arg2] [" + cmdPassword + "] [arg3]"                + "\n" + cmdPath + "        APK文件路径"                + "\n" + cmdOutdir + "      输出路径（可选），默认输出到APK文件同一级目录"                + "\n" + cmdContents + "    写入内容集合，多个内容之间用“;”分割（linux平台请在“;”前加“\\”转义符），如：xiaomi;360; 当没有" + cmdContents + "”参数时输出已有文件中的contents"                + "\n" + cmdPassword + "    加密密钥（可选），长度8位以上，如果没有该参数，不加密"                + "\n" + cmdVersion + " 显示MCPTool版本号"                + "\n例如："                + "\n写入：java -jar MCPTool.jar -path D:/test.apk -outdir ./ -contents googleplay;m360; -password 12345678"                + "\n读取：java -jar MCPTool.jar -path D:/test.apk -password 12345678";        if (args.length == 0 || args[0] == null || args[0].trim().length() == 0) {            System.out.println(help);        } else {            if (args.length > 0) {                if (args.length == 1 && cmdVersion.equals(args[0])) {                    System.out.println("version: " + VERSION_1_1);                } else {                    Map argsMap = new LinkedHashMap();                    for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i += 2) {                        if (i + 1 < args.length) {                            if (args[i + 1].startsWith("-")) {                                throw new IllegalStateException("args is error, help: \n" + help);                            } else {                                argsMap.put(args[i], args[i + 1]);                            }                        }                    }                    System.out.println("argsMap = " + argsMap);                    File path = argsMap.containsKey(cmdPath) ? new File(argsMap.get(cmdPath)) : null;                    String parent = path == null? null : (path.getParent() == null ? "./" : path.getParent());                    File outdir = parent == null ? null : new File(argsMap.containsKey(cmdOutdir) ? argsMap.get(cmdOutdir) : parent);                    String[] contents = argsMap.containsKey(cmdContents) ? argsMap.get(cmdContents).split(";") : null;                    String password = argsMap.get(cmdPassword);                    if (path != null) {                        System.out.println("path: " + path);                        System.out.println("outdir: " + outdir);                        if (contents != null && contents.length > 0) {                            System.out.println("contents: " + Arrays.toString(contents));                        }                        System.out.println("password: " + password);                        if (contents == null || contents.length == 0) { // 读取数据；                            System.out.println("content: " + readContent(path, password));                        } else { // 写入数据；                            String fileName = path.getName();                            int dot = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");                            String prefix = fileName.substring(0, dot);                            String suffix = fileName.substring(dot);                            for (String content : contents) {                                File target = new File(outdir, prefix + "_" + content + suffix);                                if (nioTransferCopy(path, target)) {                                    write(target, content, password);                                }                            }                        }                    }                }            }        }        System.out.println("time：" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - time));    }}

上面MCPTool工具类，直接运行main()，只需改变args的值即可实现：写入（生成多个渠道包，并把渠道号写入清单文件）、读取（读出写入的渠道号）

调取读取的方法如下：

public class Test {    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        String channel = MCPTool.readContent(new File("D:/apk/app_360.apk"), "12345678");        System.out.print(channel);    }}

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