如何获取Android设备唯一识别码

来自：http://syawlaus.com/remindme-%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96android%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%9F/

如果我们想唯一识别一台Android设备，就需要获取设备的唯一识别码。怎么获取呢？

下面是Android设备一些可供选择的唯一识别码及其适用范围：

IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity Number，国际移动设备识别码)

用于在手机网络中识别每一部独立的手机
对于不在手机网络的设备（如Android平板），就不能使用IMEI来识别。

IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity，国际移动用户识别码)

它是在公众陆地移动电话网（PLMN）中用于唯一识别移动用户的一个号码，在GSM网络，这个号码通常被存放在SIM卡中
跟IMEI一样，对于不在手机网络的设备就不能使用IMSI来识别。

Android ID

64位的十六进制字符串，设备首次启动时会随时生成
如果设备恢复了出厂设置，这个值可能会改变
设备root了之后，这个值可以手动修改
Android 2.2发现bug，部分设备具有相同Android ID（9774d56d682e549c），模拟器的Android ID也是这个
这个值有时会为null
一般不推荐使用

Java private String androidId = Secure.getString(getContext().getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);

1 2 private String androidId = Secure . getString ( getContext ( ) . getContentResolver ( ) , Secure . ANDROID_ID ) ;

Device ID

唯一的设备ID，如GSM网络的IMEI，CDMA网络的MEID / ESN，可能返回null（API文档的描述）
只对手机设备有效，对于不在手机网络的设备，会返回null
获取到的Device ID值，即使设备恢复出厂设置也不会改变
需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限
某些设备的Device ID实现有bug，会返回0或*

Java TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE); String deviceId = tm.getDeviceId();

1 2 TelephonyManager tm = ( TelephonyManager ) getSystemService ( TELEPHONY_SERVICE ) ; String deviceId = tm . getDeviceId ( ) ;

Serial Number

从Android 2.3开始（API level 9），可以通过android.os.Build.SERIAL获取
需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限

WiFi MAC Address

不是所有Android设备都有WiFi
对于有WiFi的设备，如果WiFi没有开启，可能获取不了WiFi MAC地址
需要ACCESS_WIFI_STATE权限

Java WifiManager wm = (WifiManager)Context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); String wifiMac = wm.getConnectionInfo().getMacAddress();

1 2 WifiManager wm = ( WifiManager ) Context . getSystemService ( Context . WIFI_SERVICE ) ; String wifiMac = wm . getConnectionInfo ( ) . getMacAddress ( ) ;

BlueTooth MAC Address

如果没有开启BlueTooth，可能获取不了BlueTooth MAC地址
需要BLUETOOTH权限

Java BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = null; // Local Bluetooth adapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); String bluetoothMac = bluetoothAdapter.getAddress();

1 2 3 BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = null ; // Local Bluetooth adapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter . getDefaultAdapter ( ) ; String bluetoothMac = bluetoothAdapter . getAddress ( ) ;

UUID（Universally unique identifier，通用唯一标识符）

Java // 方法1 public class Installation { private static String sID = null; private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION"; public synchronized static String id(Context context) { if (sID == null) { File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), INSTALLATION); try { if (!installation.exists()) writeInstallationFile(installation); sID = readInstallationFile(installation); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } return sID; } private static String readInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException { RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation, "r"); byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) f.length()]; f.readFully(bytes); f.close(); return new String(bytes); } private static void writeInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException { FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(installation); String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); out.write(id.getBytes()); out.close(); } }

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 // 方法1 public class Installation { private static String sID = null ; private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION" ; public synchronized static String id ( Context context ) { if ( sID == null ) { File installation = new File ( context . getFilesDir ( ) , INSTALLATION ) ; try { if ( ! installation . exists ( ) ) writeInstallationFile ( installation ) ; sID = readInstallationFile ( installation ) ; } catch ( Exception e ) { throw new RuntimeException ( e ) ; } } return sID ; } private static String readInstallationFile ( File installation ) throws IOException { RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile ( installation , "r" ) ; byte [ ] bytes = new byte [ ( int ) f . length ( ) ] ; f . readFully ( bytes ) ; f . close ( ) ; return new String ( bytes ) ; } private static void writeInstallationFile ( File installation ) throws IOException { FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream ( installation ) ; String id = UUID . randomUUID ( ) . toString ( ) ; out . write ( id . getBytes ( ) ) ; out . close ( ) ; } }

Java // 方法2 TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getBaseContext().getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); final String DeviceId, SerialNum, androidId; DeviceId = tm.getDeviceId(); SerialNum = tm.getSimSerialNumber(); androidId = Secure.getString(getContentResolver(),Secure.ANDROID_ID); UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidId.hashCode(), ((long)DeviceId.hashCode() << 32) | SerialNum.hashCode()); String mydeviceId = deviceUuid.toString(); Log.v("My Id", "Android DeviceId is: " +DeviceId); Log.v("My Id", "Android SerialNum is: " +SerialNum); Log.v("My Id", "Android androidId is: " +androidId);

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 // 方法2 TelephonyManager tm = ( TelephonyManager ) getBaseContext ( ) . getSystemService ( Context . TELEPHONY_SERVICE ) ; final String DeviceId , SerialNum , androidId ; DeviceId = tm . getDeviceId ( ) ; SerialNum = tm . getSimSerialNumber ( ) ; androidId = Secure . getString ( getContentResolver ( ) , Secure . ANDROID_ID ) ; UUID deviceUuid = new UUID ( androidId . hashCode ( ) , ( ( long ) DeviceId . hashCode ( ) << 32 ) | SerialNum . hashCode ( ) ) ; String mydeviceId = deviceUuid . toString ( ) ; Log . v ( "My Id" , "Android DeviceId is: " + DeviceId ) ; Log . v ( "My Id" , "Android SerialNum is: " + SerialNum ) ; Log . v ( "My Id" , "Android androidId is: " + androidId ) ;

Java // 方法3 final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) getBaseContext().getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); final String tmDevice, tmSerial, androidId; tmDevice = "" + tm.getDeviceId(); tmSerial = "" + tm.getSimSerialNumber(); androidId = "" + android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(getContentResolver(), android.provider.Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID); UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidId.hashCode(), ((long)tmDevice.hashCode() << 32) | tmSerial.hashCode()); String deviceId = deviceUuid.toString();

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 // 方法3 final TelephonyManager tm = ( TelephonyManager ) getBaseContext ( ) . getSystemService ( Context . TELEPHONY_SERVICE ) ; final String tmDevice , tmSerial , androidId ; tmDevice = "" + tm . getDeviceId ( ) ; tmSerial = "" + tm . getSimSerialNumber ( ) ; androidId = "" + android . provider . Settings . Secure . getString ( getContentResolver ( ) , android . provider . Settings . Secure . ANDROID_ID ) ; UUID deviceUuid = new UUID ( androidId . hashCode ( ) , ( ( long ) tmDevice . hashCode ( ) << 32 ) | tmSerial . hashCode ( ) ) ; String deviceId = deviceUuid . toString ( ) ;

Java // 方法4 import android.content.Context; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.provider.Settings.Secure; import android.telephony.TelephonyManager; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.UUID; public class DeviceUuidFactory { protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml"; protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id"; protected volatile static UUID uuid; public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) { if (uuid == null) { synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) { if (uuid == null) { final SharedPreferences prefs = context .getSharedPreferences(PREFS_FILE, 0); final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null); if (id != null) { // Use the ids previously computed and stored in the // prefs file uuid = UUID.fromString(id); } else { final String androidId = Secure.getString( context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID); // Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case // fallback on deviceId, // unless it's not available, then fallback on a random // number which we store to a prefs file try { if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) { uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId .getBytes("utf8")); } else { final String deviceId = ( (TelephonyManager) context .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)) .getDeviceId(); uuid = deviceId != null ? UUID .nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId .getBytes("utf8")) : UUID .randomUUID(); } } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } // Write the value out to the prefs file prefs.edit() .putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString()) .commit(); } } } } } /** * Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs, * this unique ID is "very highly likely" to be unique across all Android * devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is. * * The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate, * falling back on TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to * be incorrect, and finally falling back on a random UUID that's persisted * to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a usable value. * * In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the * device is factory reset a new device ID may be generated. In addition, if * a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android * 2.2 to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change. * Or, if a user uninstalls your app on a device that has neither a proper * Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation. * * Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(), * the resulting ID will NOT change after a factory reset. Something to be * aware of. * * Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID * directly. * * @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603 * * @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most * purposes. */ public UUID getDeviceUuid() { return uuid; } }

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 // 方法4 import android . content . Context ; import android . content . SharedPreferences ; import android . provider . Settings . Secure ; import android . telephony . TelephonyManager ; import java . io . UnsupportedEncodingException ; import java . util . UUID ; public class DeviceUuidFactory { protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml" ; protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id" ; protected volatile static UUID uuid ; public DeviceUuidFactory ( Context context ) { if ( uuid == null ) { synchronized ( DeviceUuidFactory . class ) { if ( uuid == null ) { final SharedPreferences prefs = context . getSharedPreferences ( PREFS_FILE , 0 ) ; final String id = prefs . getString ( PREFS_DEVICE_ID , null ) ; if ( id != null ) { // Use the ids previously computed and stored in the // prefs file uuid = UUID . fromString ( id ) ; } else { final String androidId = Secure . getString ( context . getContentResolver ( ) , Secure . ANDROID_ID ) ; // Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case // fallback on deviceId, // unless it's not available, then fallback on a random // number which we store to a prefs file try { if ( ! "9774d56d682e549c" . equals ( androidId ) ) { uuid = UUID . nameUUIDFromBytes ( androidId . getBytes ( "utf8" ) ) ; } else { final String deviceId = ( ( TelephonyManager ) context . getSystemService ( Context . TELEPHONY_SERVICE ) ) . getDeviceId ( ) ; uuid = deviceId != null ? UUID . nameUUIDFromBytes ( deviceId . getBytes ( "utf8" ) ) : UUID . randomUUID ( ) ; } } catch ( UnsupportedEncodingException e ) { throw new RuntimeException ( e ) ; } // Write the value out to the prefs file prefs . edit ( ) . putString ( PREFS_DEVICE_ID , uuid . toString ( ) ) . commit ( ) ; } } } } } /** * Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs, * this unique ID is "very highly likely" to be unique across all Android * devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is. * * The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate, * falling back on TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to * be incorrect, and finally falling back on a random UUID that's persisted * to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a usable value. * * In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the * device is factory reset a new device ID may be generated. In addition, if * a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android * 2.2 to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change. * Or, if a user uninstalls your app on a device that has neither a proper * Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation. * * Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(), * the resulting ID will NOT change after a factory reset. Something to be * aware of. * * Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID * directly. * * @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603 * * @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most * purposes. */ public UUID getDeviceUuid ( ) { return uuid ; } }

Java // 方法5 // Here is the code that Reto Meier used in the google I/O presentation this year to get a unique id for the user: private static String uniqueID = null; private static final String PREF_UNIQUE_ID = "PREF_UNIQUE_ID"; public synchronized static String id(Context context) { if (uniqueID == null) { SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = context.getSharedPreferences( PREF_UNIQUE_ID, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); uniqueID = sharedPrefs.getString(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, null); if (uniqueID == null) { uniqueID = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); Editor editor = sharedPrefs.edit(); editor.putString(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, uniqueID); editor.commit(); } } return uniqueID; }

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 // 方法5 // Here is the code that Reto Meier used in the google I/O presentation this year to get a unique id for the user: private static String uniqueID = null ; private static final String PREF_UNIQUE_ID = "PREF_UNIQUE_ID" ; public synchronized static String id ( Context context ) { if ( uniqueID == null ) { SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = context . getSharedPreferences ( PREF_UNIQUE_ID , Context . MODE_PRIVATE ) ; uniqueID = sharedPrefs . getString ( PREF_UNIQUE_ID , null ) ; if ( uniqueID == null ) { uniqueID = UUID . randomUUID ( ) . toString ( ) ; Editor editor = sharedPrefs . edit ( ) ; editor . putString ( PREF_UNIQUE_ID , uniqueID ) ; editor . commit ( ) ; } } return uniqueID ; }

Java // 方法6 String m_szDevIDShort = "35" //we make this look like a valid IMEI + Build.BOARD.length() % 10 + Build.BRAND.length() % 10 + Build.CPU_ABI.length() % 10 + Build.DEVICE.length() % 10 + Build.DISPLAY.length() % 10 + Build.HOST.length() % 10 + Build.ID.length() % 10 + Build.MANUFACTURER.length() % 10 + Build.MODEL.length() % 10 + Build.PRODUCT.length() % 10 + Build.TAGS.length() % 10 + Build.TYPE.length() % 10 + Build.USER.length() % 10; //13 digits

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 // 方法6 String m_szDevIDShort = "35" //we make this look like a valid IMEI + Build . BOARD . length ( ) % 10 + Build . BRAND . length ( ) % 10 + Build . CPU_ABI . length ( ) % 10 + Build . DEVICE . length ( ) % 10 + Build . DISPLAY . length ( ) % 10 + Build . HOST . length ( ) % 10 + Build . ID . length ( ) % 10 + Build . MANUFACTURER . length ( ) % 10 + Build . MODEL . length ( ) % 10 + Build . PRODUCT . length ( ) % 10 + Build . TAGS . length ( ) % 10 + Build . TYPE . length ( ) % 10 + Build . USER . length ( ) % 10 ; //13 digits

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