最近在做android串口的开发,找到一个开源的串口类android-serialport-api。其主页在这里http://code.google.com/p/android-serialport-api/ ,这里可以下到APK及对源码。

但是下载源码之后发现源码不能直接使用,而且源码结构较为复杂。关于串口的操作不外乎几步:

1.打开串口(及配置串口);

2.读串口;

3.写串口;

4.关闭串口。

android-serialport-api的代码使用了继承等复杂的行为,不容易使初学者很快掌握关于串口的上述4步,所以我特别自己写了一个demo,只有一个activity,其中包含了打开串口,写串口,读串口的操作,对于关闭串口,大家一开就会不明白怎么写了。

这篇文章主要参考http://blog.csdn.net/tangcheng_ok/article/details/7021470

还有http://blog.csdn.net/jerome_home/article/details/8452305


下面言归正传:


第一:

说道android 串口,就不得不提JNI技术,它使得java中可以调用c语言写成的库。为可在android中使用串口,android-serialport-api的作者自己写了一个c语言的动态链接库serial_port.so(自动命名成libserial_port.so),并把它放在了libs/aemeabi 里,其c源文件在JNI中,大家在下载了android-serialport-api的源代码后,将这两个文件夹copy到自己新建的工程中即可。



第二:

然后将调用c语言写成的动态链接库的java类放入到src文件夹下的android.serialport包下,这里一定要将包名命名成这个,因为对JNI有一定了解的人就会知道,在写c语言链接库时候,函数的命名是和调用它的类所在的包名相关的,一旦包名与链接库中函数的命名不相符,就不能调用链接库的函数。这里可以打开jni中的.c文件(他就是动态链接库的源文件),可以看到源码:

  
/* * Copyright 2009 Cedric Priscal * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */#include <termios.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <string.h>#include <jni.h>#include "android/log.h"static const char *TAG="serial_port";#define LOGI(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO,  TAG, fmt, ##args)#define LOGD(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, TAG, fmt, ##args)#define LOGE(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, TAG, fmt, ##args)static speed_t getBaudrate(jint baudrate){switch(baudrate) {case 0: return B0;case 50: return B50;case 75: return B75;case 110: return B110;case 134: return B134;case 150: return B150;case 200: return B200;case 300: return B300;case 600: return B600;case 1200: return B1200;case 1800: return B1800;case 2400: return B2400;case 4800: return B4800;case 9600: return B9600;case 19200: return B19200;case 38400: return B38400;case 57600: return B57600;case 115200: return B115200;case 230400: return B230400;case 460800: return B460800;case 500000: return B500000;case 576000: return B576000;case 921600: return B921600;case 1000000: return B1000000;case 1152000: return B1152000;case 1500000: return B1500000;case 2000000: return B2000000;case 2500000: return B2500000;case 3000000: return B3000000;case 3500000: return B3500000;case 4000000: return B4000000;default: return -1;}}/* * Class:     cedric_serial_SerialPort * Method:    open * Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;)V */JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_android_serialport_SerialPort_open  (JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jstring path, jint baudrate){int fd;speed_t speed;jobject mFileDescriptor;/* Check arguments */{speed = getBaudrate(baudrate);if (speed == -1) {/* TODO: throw an exception */LOGE("Invalid baudrate");return NULL;}}/* Opening device */{jboolean iscopy;const char *path_utf = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, path, &iscopy);LOGD("Opening serial port %s", path_utf);fd = open(path_utf, O_RDWR | O_DIRECT | O_SYNC);LOGD("open() fd = %d", fd);(*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, path, path_utf);if (fd == -1){/* Throw an exception */LOGE("Cannot open port");/* TODO: throw an exception */return NULL;}}/* Configure device */{struct termios cfg;LOGD("Configuring serial port");if (tcgetattr(fd, &cfg)){LOGE("tcgetattr() failed");close(fd);/* TODO: throw an exception */return NULL;}cfmakeraw(&cfg);cfsetispeed(&cfg, speed);cfsetospeed(&cfg, speed);if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &cfg)){LOGE("tcsetattr() failed");close(fd);/* TODO: throw an exception */return NULL;}}/* Create a corresponding file descriptor */{jclass cFileDescriptor = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");jmethodID iFileDescriptor = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cFileDescriptor, "<init>", "()V");jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, cFileDescriptor, "descriptor", "I");mFileDescriptor = (*env)->NewObject(env, cFileDescriptor, iFileDescriptor);(*env)->SetIntField(env, mFileDescriptor, descriptorID, (jint)fd);}return mFileDescriptor;}/* * Class:     cedric_serial_SerialPort * Method:    close * Signature: ()V */JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_android_serialport_SerialPort_close  (JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz){jclass SerialPortClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thiz);jclass FileDescriptorClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");jfieldID mFdID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, SerialPortClass, "mFd", "Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;");jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, FileDescriptorClass, "descriptor", "I");jobject mFd = (*env)->GetObjectField(env, thiz, mFdID);jint descriptor = (*env)->GetIntField(env, mFd, descriptorID);LOGD("close(fd = %d)", descriptor);close(descriptor);}

可以看到,函数的命名规则直接和包名有关。


第三:

android.serialport包下,有两个类,分别是SerialPort.java 和SerialPortFinder.java。

其中,SerialPort.java,这个类主要用来加载SO文件,通过JNI的方式打开关闭串口。

/* * Copyright 2009 Cedric Priscal *  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at *  * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 *  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License.  */package android.serialport;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileDescriptor;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import android.util.Log;public class SerialPort {private static final String TAG = "SerialPort";/* * Do not remove or rename the field mFd: it is used by native method close(); */private FileDescriptor mFd;private FileInputStream mFileInputStream;private FileOutputStream mFileOutputStream;public SerialPort(File device, int baudrate) throws SecurityException, IOException {/* Check access permission */if (!device.canRead() || !device.canWrite()) {try {/* Missing read/write permission, trying to chmod the file */Process su;su = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/system/bin/su");String cmd = "chmod 777 " + device.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"+ "exit\n";/*String cmd = "chmod 777 /dev/s3c_serial0" + "\n"+ "exit\n";*/su.getOutputStream().write(cmd.getBytes());if ((su.waitFor() != 0) || !device.canRead()|| !device.canWrite()) {throw new SecurityException();}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new SecurityException();}}mFd = open(device.getAbsolutePath(), baudrate);if (mFd == null) {Log.e(TAG, "native open returns null");throw new IOException();}mFileInputStream = new FileInputStream(mFd);mFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(mFd);}// Getters and setterspublic InputStream getInputStream() {return mFileInputStream;}public OutputStream getOutputStream() {return mFileOutputStream;}// JNIprivate native static FileDescriptor open(String path, int baudrate);public native void close();static {System.loadLibrary("serial_port");}}
可以看到System.loadLibrary("serial_port");一句,这一句就是用来加载动态链接库。我们的串口操作就是要给予这个类来实现。


含有一个类SerialPortFinder.java,这个类是用来找到系统中可以用的串口的,如果你知道的android设备有什么串口,就不必使用这个类来查找串口了,一次简化我们的demo。


第四:加入我们自己的Activity类

为了方便我记在android.serialport包下加入了我自己的MyserialActivity.java,大家从上面的图中也可以看见。

代码如下:

package android.serialport;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;//import android.serialport.sample.R;import android.serialport.R;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.Toast;public class MyserialActivity extends Activity {    /** Called when the activity is first created. */ EditText mReception; FileOutputStream mOutputStream; FileInputStream mInputStream; SerialPort sp;     @Override       public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.main);          final Button buttonSetup = (Button)findViewById(R.id.ButtonSetup);    buttonSetup.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {public void onClick(View v) {mReception = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.EditTextRec);        try {sp=new SerialPort(new File("/dev/ttyS2"),9600);} catch (SecurityException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}                   mOutputStream=(FileOutputStream) sp.getOutputStream();      mInputStream=(FileInputStream) sp.getInputStream();       Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "open",        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}});                final Button buttonsend= (Button)findViewById(R.id.ButtonSent1);    buttonsend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {public void onClick(View v) {try {mOutputStream.write(new String("send").getBytes());mOutputStream.write('\n');} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}           Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "send",         Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}});            final Button buttonrec= (Button)findViewById(R.id.ButtonRec);    buttonrec.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {public void onClick(View v) {int size;try {byte[] buffer = new byte[64];if (mInputStream == null) return;size = mInputStream.read(buffer);if (size > 0) {onDataReceived(buffer, size);}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();return;}}});    }    void onDataReceived(final byte[] buffer, final int size) {runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {public void run() {if (mReception != null) {mReception.append(new String(buffer, 0, size));}}});}        }

可以看见,功能比较简单,只有三个按钮,分别用来打开串口(buttonsetup),写串口(buttonsend),读串口(buttonrec),一个文本框用来显示串口接收到的信息。功能已经简化到了最简。


下面先说说在模拟器中使用串口的方法:

应先使用-serial选项打开你的模拟器,如图(修改你模拟器的名字)


然后进入adb shell

cd /dev

chmod 777 ttyS2

运行后结果:

相比大家都懂得,我们的串口就是ttyS2,使用chmod命令来获取对它的操作,否则之后你的应用可能没有串口的操作权限。

然后运行程序:

其中Console就是打开串口(原谅我偷懒,忘改名字了)。

你可以把你的电脑的COM1连接到另一台电脑的串口上,并在那台电脑上打开你的串口助手之类的软件,配置好串口(参数不难从源代码里看出来)。按下模拟器中的send键,就能在那台电脑的串口助手中看到:



同样,从那台电脑向这台电脑发送数据也可以显示


至此,这个小demo就完毕了。

我的源码在这里: http://download.csdn.net/detail/akunainiannian/5202173


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