Android中网络框架简单封装的实例方法

Android中网络框架的简单封装

前言

Android作为一款主要应用在移动终端的操作系统，访问网络是必不可少的功能。访问网络，最基本的接口有：HttpUrlConnection,HttpClient，而在后续的发展中，出现了Volley，OkHttp，Retrofit等网络封装库。由于各种原因，在实际的项目开发中，我们可能会需要在项目的版本迭代中，切换网络框架。如果对于网络框架没有好的封装，那么当需要切换网络框架时，可能就会有大量的迁移工作要做。

封装网络框架

在架构设计中，面向接口和抽象，是解耦的一个重要原则。本文将基于这一原则，实现一个简单的网络框架封装。

定义网络访问的接口

抽取出不同网络框架的共同方法，定义成接口方法。

public interface IHttpLoader {  /**   * GET方式请求   *   * @param url   * @param params   * @param callback   */  void get(String url, Map params, IHttpCallback callback);  /**   * POST方式请求   *   * @param url   * @param params   * @param callback   */  void post(String url, Map params, IHttpCallback callback);}

定义网络访问的Callback

public interface IHttpCallback {  /**   * 成功时的回调   *   * @param result   */  void onSuccess(String result);  /**   * 失败时的回调   *   * @param msg   */  void onFailed(String msg);}

定义具体的接口实现类

分别对具体的网络框架进行接口实现，这里以Volley和OkHttp为例

Volley的实现类

public class VolleyHttpLoader implements IHttpLoader {  private static RequestQueue mRequestQueue;  public VolleyHttpLoader(Context context) {    mRequestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(context);  }  @Override  public void get(String url, Map params, final IHttpCallback callback) {    StringRequest request = new StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, url,        new Response.Listener() {          @Override          public void onResponse(String s) {            callback.onSuccess(s);          }        }, new Response.ErrorListener() {      @Override      public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) {        callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString());      }    });    mRequestQueue.add(request);  }  @Override  public void post(String url, Map params, final IHttpCallback callback) {    StringRequest request = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, url,        new Response.Listener() {          @Override          public void onResponse(String s) {            callback.onSuccess(s);          }        }, new Response.ErrorListener() {      @Override      public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) {        callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString());      }    });    mRequestQueue.add(request);  }}

OkHttp的实现类

public class OkHttpLoader implements IHttpLoader {  private static OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient;  public OkHttpLoader() {    mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();  }  @Override  public void get(String url, Map params, final IHttpCallback callback) {    Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();    mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {      @Override      public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {        callback.onFailed(e.toString());      }      @Override      public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {        if (response.isSuccessful()) {          String result = response.body().string();          callback.onSuccess(result);        } else {          callback.onFailed(response.message());        }      }    });  }  @Override  public void post(String url, Map params, final IHttpCallback callback) {    RequestBody requestBody = appendBody(params);    Request request = new Request.Builder().post(requestBody).url(url).build();    mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {      @Override      public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {        callback.onFailed(e.toString());      }      @Override      public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {        if (response.isSuccessful()) {          String result = response.body().string();          callback.onSuccess(result);        } else {          callback.onFailed(response.message());        }      }    });  }  private RequestBody appendBody(Map params) {    FormBody.Builder body = new FormBody.Builder();    if (params == null || params.isEmpty()) {      return body.build();    }    for (Map.Entry entry : params.entrySet()) {      body.add(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString());    }    return body.build();  }}

定义Callback的实现

public abstract class HttpCallback implements IHttpCallback {  @Override  public void onSuccess(String result) {    Gson gson = new Gson();    Class<?> clazz = analysisClazzInfo(this);    Result resultObj = (Result) gson.fromJson(result, clazz);    onSuccess(resultObj);  }  /**   * 成功时的回调   *   * @param result   */  public abstract void onSuccess(Result result);  private Class<?> analysisClazzInfo(Object object) {    Type genType = object.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();    Type[] params = ((ParameterizedType) genType).getActualTypeArguments();    return (Class<?>) params[0];  }}

返回的数据Bean

public class Data {  private int errorCode;  private String errorMsg;  private List data;  public int getErrorCode() {    return errorCode;  }  public void setErrorCode(int errorCode) {    this.errorCode = errorCode;  }  public String getErrorMsg() {    return errorMsg;  }  public void setErrorMsg(String errorMsg) {    this.errorMsg = errorMsg;  }  public List getData() {    return data;  }  public void setData(List data) {    this.data = data;  }  public static class DataBean {    private int courseId;    private int id;    private String name;    private int order;    private int parentChapterId;    private boolean userControlSetTop;    private int visible;    private List<?> children;    public int getCourseId() {      return courseId;    }    public void setCourseId(int courseId) {      this.courseId = courseId;    }    public int getId() {      return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {      this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {      return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {      this.name = name;    }    public int getOrder() {      return order;    }    public void setOrder(int order) {      this.order = order;    }    public int getParentChapterId() {      return parentChapterId;    }    public void setParentChapterId(int parentChapterId) {      this.parentChapterId = parentChapterId;    }    public boolean isUserControlSetTop() {      return userControlSetTop;    }    public void setUserControlSetTop(boolean userControlSetTop) {      this.userControlSetTop = userControlSetTop;    }    public int getVisible() {      return visible;    }    public void setVisible(int visible) {      this.visible = visible;    }    public List<?> getChildren() {      return children;    }    public void setChildren(List<?> children) {      this.children = children;    }    @Override    public String toString() {      return "DataBean{" +          "courseId=" + courseId +          ", id=" + id +          ", name='" + name + '\'' +          ", order=" + order +          ", parentChapterId=" + parentChapterId +          ", userControlSetTop=" + userControlSetTop +          ", visible=" + visible +          ", children=" + children +          '}';    }  }  @Override  public String toString() {    return "Data{" +        "errorCode=" + errorCode +        ", errorMsg='" + errorMsg + '\'' +        ", data=" + data +        '}';  }}

定义统一管理类

public class HttpHelper implements IHttpLoader {  private static IHttpLoader mHttpLoader;  private HttpHelper() {  }  public static void init(IHttpLoader httpLoader) {    mHttpLoader = httpLoader;  }  public static HttpHelper obtain() {    return HttpHelperHolder.INSTANCE;  }  static class HttpHelperHolder {    private static HttpHelper INSTANCE = new HttpHelper();  }  @Override  public void get(String url, Map params, IHttpCallback callback) {    mHttpLoader.get(url, params, callback);  }  @Override  public void post(String url, Map params, IHttpCallback callback) {    mHttpLoader.post(url, params, callback);  }}

在Application中初始化

定义一个继承自Application的类，在onCreate方法中初始化网络访问

public class App extends Application {  @Override  public void onCreate() {    super.onCreate();//    HttpHelper.init(new OkHttpLoader());    HttpHelper.init(new VolleyHttpLoader(this));  }}

后续如果需要切换网络框架，只需要在这里修改就可以了。

应用

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {  private static final String URL_HTTP = "https://www.wanandroid.com/wxarticle/chapters/json";  private ImageView mIv;  @Override  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);    mTv = findViewById(R.id.tv);    findViewById(R.id.btn_get).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {      @Override      public void onClick(View v) {        HttpHelper.obtain().get(URL_HTTP, null, new HttpCallback() {          @Override          public void onFailed(final String msg) {            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {              @Override              public void run() {                mTv.setText(msg);              }            });          }          @Override          public void onSuccess(final Data data) {            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {              @Override              public void run() {                mTv.setText(data.toString());              }            });          }        });      }    });  }}

结束

这里介绍的，其实只是一个封装的思路。基于这个思路，还可以封装常用的图片访问库等。可以自由拓展。

源码地址：https://github.com/milovetingting/Samples/tree/master/Loader

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