Android(安卓)屏幕适配之屏幕分辨率(创建不同dimen)适配

由于目前流行的Android屏幕分辨率太多，再加上UI同事设计时经常使用px单位来设计，所以导致编写Android代码时适配是一个很大的问题。

以下是本人开发过程中的适配方案仅供参考

附：目前手机主流分辨率列表：http://screensiz.es/phone

屏幕适配一般原则

1.多用 match_parent

2.多用 weight+LinearLayout

3.动态获取屏幕分辨率及密度动态设置宽高(如下)

获取屏幕宽度高度单位px

    private void getDisplayWidthHeight() {        DisplayMetrics displayMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();        getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(displayMetrics);        int width = displayMetrics.widthPixels;        int height = displayMetrics.heightPixels;    }

获取屏幕分辨率 160->1 240->1.5 320->2 480->3

    private void getDisplayDensity() {        DisplayMetrics displayMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();        getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(displayMetrics);        float density = displayMetrics.density;    }

java代码动态设置textview高度

int h=height/10;//屏幕高度的10分之一RelativeLayout.LayoutParams pa=new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, h);textview.setLayoutParams(pa);

这样显然比较麻烦。。。

4.百分比的引入以下是效果图

Eclipse 开发工具

Android Studio 开发工具

上图说明

即在res/文件夹下建立不同的values文件夹(高X宽(大数在前))不同的values文件夹下有相同的dimens.xml文件。相同的dimens.xml文件中有相同的名称

举例

比如480*320的分辨率为基准

宽度为320，将任何分辨率的宽度分为320份，取值为x1-x320

高度为480，将任何分辨率的高度分为480份，取值为y1-y480

即

480X320(基准)

X1->1.0px; Y1->1.0px

X2->2.0px; Y2->2.0px

X3->3.0px; Y3->3.0px

...

800X480(按比例)(高800是基准高480的1.67倍，宽1.5倍)

X1->1.5px; Y1->1.67px

X2->3.0px; Y2->3.34px

X3->4.5px; Y3->5.01px

...

其他尺寸以此类推

使用时直接按照UI同事的设计图即可，比如：一个Button 宽20px 高30px

写代码时直接 x20和y30即可。

利用工具类生成各个分辨率的文件夹

工具类代码

package wjn.com.imwithdemo.utils;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.PrintWriter;public class GenerateValueFiles {    private int baseW;    private int baseH;    private String dirStr = "./res";    private final static String WTemplate = "{1}px\n";    private final static String HTemplate = "{1}px\n";    /**     * {0}-HEIGHT     */    private final static String VALUE_TEMPLATE = "values-{0}x{1}";    private static final String SUPPORT_DIMESION =            "320,480;"                    + "480,800;"                    + "480,854;"                    + "540,960;"                    + "600,1024;"                    + "720,1184;"                    + "720,1196;"                    + "720,1280;"                    + "768,1024;"                    + "800,1280;"                    + "1080,1812;"                    + "1080,1920;"                    + "1440,2560;";    private String supportStr = SUPPORT_DIMESION;    public GenerateValueFiles(int baseX, int baseY, String supportStr) {        this.baseW = baseX;        this.baseH = baseY;        if (!this.supportStr.contains(baseX + "," + baseY)) {            this.supportStr += baseX + "," + baseY + ";";        }        this.supportStr += validateInput(supportStr);        System.out.println(supportStr);        File dir = new File(dirStr);        if (!dir.exists()) {            dir.mkdir();        }        System.out.println(dir.getAbsoluteFile());    }    /**     * @param supportStr            w,h_...w,h;     * @return     */    private String validateInput(String supportStr) {        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();        String[] vals = supportStr.split("_");        int w = -1;        int h = -1;        String[] wh;        for (String val : vals) {            try {                if (val == null || val.trim().length() == 0)                    continue;                wh = val.split(",");                w = Integer.parseInt(wh[0]);                h = Integer.parseInt(wh[1]);            } catch (Exception e) {                System.out.println("skip invalidate params : w,h = " + val);                continue;            }            sb.append(w + "," + h + ";");        }        return sb.toString();    }    public void generate() {        String[] vals = supportStr.split(";");        for (String val : vals) {            String[] wh = val.split(",");            generateXmlFile(Integer.parseInt(wh[0]), Integer.parseInt(wh[1]));        }    }    private void generateXmlFile(int w, int h) {        StringBuffer sbForWidth = new StringBuffer();        sbForWidth.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n");        sbForWidth.append("");        float cellw = w * 1.0f / baseW;        System.out.println("width : " + w + "," + baseW + "," + cellw);        for (int i = 1; i < baseW; i++) {            sbForWidth.append(WTemplate.replace("{0}", i + "").replace("{1}",                    change(cellw * i) + ""));        }        sbForWidth.append(WTemplate.replace("{0}", baseW + "").replace("{1}",                w + ""));        sbForWidth.append("");        StringBuffer sbForHeight = new StringBuffer();        sbForHeight.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n");        sbForHeight.append("");        float cellh = h * 1.0f / baseH;        System.out.println("height : " + h + "," + baseH + "," + cellh);        for (int i = 1; i < baseH; i++) {            sbForHeight.append(HTemplate.replace("{0}", i + "").replace("{1}",                    change(cellh * i) + ""));        }        sbForHeight.append(HTemplate.replace("{0}", baseH + "").replace("{1}",                h + ""));        sbForHeight.append("");        File fileDir = new File(dirStr + File.separator                + VALUE_TEMPLATE.replace("{0}", h + "")//                .replace("{1}", w + ""));        fileDir.mkdir();        File layxFile = new File(fileDir.getAbsolutePath(), "lay_x.xml");        File layyFile = new File(fileDir.getAbsolutePath(), "lay_y.xml");        try {            PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(layxFile));            pw.print(sbForWidth.toString());            pw.close();            pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(layyFile));            pw.print(sbForHeight.toString());            pw.close();        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    public static float change(float a) {        int temp = (int) (a * 100);        return temp / 100f;    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        int baseW = 720;        int baseH = 1280;        String addition = "";        try {            if (args.length >= 3) {                baseW = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);                baseH = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);                addition = args[2];            } else if (args.length >= 2) {                baseW = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);                baseH = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);            } else if (args.length >= 1) {                addition = args[0];            }        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {            System.err.println("right input params : java -jar xxx.jar width height w,h_w,h_..._w,h;");            e.printStackTrace();            System.exit(-1);        }        new GenerateValueFiles(baseW, baseH, addition).generate();    }    }

运行此Java代码就可以在指定文件夹下得到相应的values文件夹

将res文件夹里的所有文件拷贝到项目中res文件夹下即可

在xml文件中使用

TextView       android:id="@+id/activity_main_textview"       android:layout_width="@dimen/x102"       android:layout_height="@dimen/y100"       android:text="@string/hello_world"       android:gravity="center"       android:background="#FF0000" />

注意以上Java 工具类代码

1.代码

private static final String SUPPORT_DIMESION ="320,480;"+ "480,800;"+ "480,854;"+ "540,960;"+ "600,1024;"+ "720,1184;"+ "720,1196;"+ "720,1280;"+ "768,1024;"+ "800,1280;"+ "1080,1812;"+ "1080,1920;"+ "1440,2560;";

此处可以添加你自己要适配的机型。

2.代码

public static void main(String[] args) {        int baseW = 720;        int baseH = 1280;        String addition = "";        try {            if (args.length >= 3) {                baseW = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);                baseH = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);                addition = args[2];            } else if (args.length >= 2) {                baseW = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);                baseH = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);            } else if (args.length >= 1) {                addition = args[0];            }        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {            System.err.println("right input params : java -jar xxx.jar width height w,h_w,h_..._w,h;");            e.printStackTrace();            System.exit(-1);        }        new GenerateValueFiles(baseW, baseH, addition).generate();    }

此处可以设置你的标准(一般为你的UI同时切图的基准)

注意：

本人用了一款测试机（华为P7）

手机设置中查看手机的分辨率是1080X1920 可是在写

xml布局时并没有加载values-1920x1080下相应的dimen

查阅了资料才知道有的手机实际分辨率和设置说明的分辨率是有差距的比如我的p7 说是 1080X1920.其实代码获取的分辨率是values-1776x1080(设置中显示的分辨率可能包括虚拟的导航栏) 希望有所帮助！！！

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