首届Google暑期大学生博客分享大赛——2010 Andriod篇

做了一个小应用智能情景的切换,这个应用是学习android开发以来应用类开发的比较满意的一个。虽然它只有一个view 一个activity,但是却囊括了android的很多特性。借此机会,和大家分享一下这个小应用。

先上截图:

android 应用类APP开发小结——android Google map 小应用

应用的主要功能是根据适当的情景(如地点,手机状态等)为用户自动的切换情景模式。

比方说:手机向上是铃音+震动,当开会时,将手机翻转,将自动切换成静音模式。

还可以根据经纬度,到达一个地方后自动切换成用户预先设置的情景模式。

(当然,由于没找到合适的经纬度换算工具,经纬度的判断目前只能是精确位置,不是范围值。

因此只能算是个学习的小应用了,实际的应用还有待完善啊。如果有高手知道的话,麻烦告诉我下。万分感谢)

-------------------------废话不多说开始代码部分-----------------------------------------------------

虽然是一个只有一个页面的小应用,但是

麻雀虽小,五脏俱全

这个应用的功能点主要有:

改变情景模式

实时获取地理位置

实时判断手机重力状态

用到的技术包括:

1.android Google map的应用

2.Android组件的使用
Activity(MapActivity)
Service
Broadcastreceiver

3.Xml解析
4.文件存储
5.传感器使用
6.底层绘图
7.自定义view

由于使回头看代码,我就从简单的部分一步步介绍。

首先是权限问题,很多新手都犯了这个毛病,程序出错,往往是权限没有添加。

 <!-- 网络链接 -->    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>    <!-- 地图 -->    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>    <!-- 读写权限 -->    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE" />

这个应用需要网络连接的权限,因为Google map是实时更新的么。然后是GPS传感器关于地理位置的权限。最后需要存储用户的记录点,所以有文件读写的权限。

为了记录用户记录的情景地点,我使用了XML作为存储的标准,并将文件存在了SD卡上

XML解析

网络上有很详细的各种解析方式,我采用了其中的一种。如果想了解其他的请Google。。。。。

记录地点信息,我定义了一个POJO类

public class RecordLocation {    private String location_Id;    private String location_ring;    private double location_latitude;    private double location_longitude;    private GeoPointpoint;...篇幅关系,其他的略

XML的解析器,和网络上的其他文章一样就不多说了。能拿来用就成。

public List<RecordLocation> parse(String xml) {        final RecordLocation currentMessage = new RecordLocation();        RootElement root = new RootElement("Locations");        final List<RecordLocation> messages = new ArrayList<RecordLocation>();       // Element channel = root.getChild("RespInfo");        Element item = root.getChild("Location");        item.setEndElementListener(new EndElementListener(){            public void end() {                messages.add(currentMessage.copy());            }        });        item.getChild("id").setEndTextElementListener(new EndTextElementListener(){            public void end(String body) {                currentMessage.setLocation_Id(body);            }        });        item.getChild("ring").setEndTextElementListener(new EndTextElementListener(){            public void end(String body) {                currentMessage.setLocation_ring(body);            }        });        item.getChild("latitude").setEndTextElementListener(new          EndTextElementListener(){            public void end(String body) {                currentMessage.setLocation_latitude(Double.valueOf(body));            }        });        item.getChild("longitude").setEndTextElementListener(new EndTextElementListener(){            public void end(String body) {                currentMessage.setLocation_longitude(Double.valueOf(body));            }        });        try {        InputStream   inputStream   =   new   ByteArrayInputStream(xml.getBytes());            Xml.parse(inputStream, Xml.Encoding.UTF_8,            root.getContentHandler());        } catch (Exception e) {            throw new RuntimeException(e);        }        return messages;    }

POJO类转化成XML字符串

public static String writeXml(List<RecordLocation> data){XmlSerializer serializer = Xml.newSerializer();StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();try{serializer.setOutput(writer);// <?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″ standalone=”yes”?>serializer.startDocument("UTF-8",true);serializer.startTag("","Locations");for(int i=0;i<data.size();i++){serializer.startTag("","Location");serializer.startTag("","id");serializer.text(data.get(i).getLocation_Id());serializer.endTag("","id");serializer.startTag("","ring");serializer.text(data.get(i).getLocation_ring());serializer.endTag("","ring");serializer.startTag("","latitude");serializer.text(String.valueOf(data.get(i).getLocation_latitude()));serializer.endTag("","latitude");serializer.startTag("","longitude");serializer.text(String.valueOf(data.get(i).getLocation_longitude()));serializer.endTag("","longitude");serializer.endTag("","Location");}serializer.endTag("","Locations");serializer.endDocument();    return writer.toString();}catch(Exception e){throw new RuntimeException(e);}}

有了XML的字符串后只要将它存储起来就行,需要使用是再读取

以下是存储和读取文件函数。由于SD卡的读取还需要判断SD卡的状态,函数比较长,就贴存手机内存的代码

反正大同小异

public static InputStream readInternalFileInputStream(Context context,String fileName){/** * 读取手机内存文件 * */try{FileInputStream fis = context.openFileInput(fileName);return fis;}catch(Exception e){return null;}}public static String readInternalFile(Context context,String fileName){/** * 读取手机内存文件 * */try{byte[] buffer = new byte[512];int read =0;StringBuffer stringbuffer = new StringBuffer();FileInputStream fis = context.openFileInput(fileName);do{read = fis.read(buffer);if(read>0)   stringbuffer.append(new String(buffer, 0, read, "utf-8"));}while(read!=-1);fis.close();return stringbuffer.toString();}catch(Exception e){return null;}}


数据存储部分完毕了。接下来是关于切换手机情景的功能

手机的铃音设置

AudioManager audio = (AudioManager)context.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE);// 铃声和震动protected void ringAndVibrate(AudioManager audio){audio.setRingerMode(AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_NORMAL);audio.setVibrateSetting(AudioManager.VIBRATE_TYPE_RINGER, AudioManager.VIBRATE_SETTING_ON);audio.setVibrateSetting(AudioManager.VIBRATE_TYPE_NOTIFICATION, AudioManager.VIBRATE_SETTING_ON);}// 铃声protected void ring(AudioManager audio){audio.setRingerMode(AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_NORMAL);audio.setVibrateSetting(AudioManager.VIBRATE_TYPE_RINGER, AudioManager.VIBRATE_SETTING_OFF);audio.setVibrateSetting(AudioManager.VIBRATE_TYPE_NOTIFICATION, AudioManager.VIBRATE_SETTING_OFF);}// 震动protected void vibrate(AudioManager audio){audio.setRingerMode(AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_VIBRATE);audio.setVibrateSetting(AudioManager.VIBRATE_TYPE_RINGER, AudioManager.VIBRATE_SETTING_ON);audio.setVibrateSetting(AudioManager.VIBRATE_TYPE_NOTIFICATION, AudioManager.VIBRATE_SETTING_ON);}// 静音protected void silent(AudioManager audio){audio.setRingerMode(AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_SILENT);audio.setVibrateSetting(AudioManager.VIBRATE_TYPE_RINGER, AudioManager.VIBRATE_SETTING_OFF);audio.setVibrateSetting(AudioManager.VIBRATE_TYPE_NOTIFICATION, AudioManager.VIBRATE_SETTING_OFF);}// 改变声音-----减小protected void lowerVoice(AudioManager audio, int voice){audio.setRingerMode(AudioManager.ADJUST_LOWER);audio.adjustVolume(AudioManager.ADJUST_LOWER, voice);}// 改变声音-----增加protected void addVoice(AudioManager audio, int voice){audio.setRingerMode(AudioManager.ADJUST_RAISE);audio.adjustVolume(AudioManager.ADJUST_RAISE, voice);}

这里我使用了BroadcastReceiver(广播接收器)。当需要更改情景模式时,发送一个intent出来,BroadcastReceiver接收到这个intent后根据intent内携带的值判断切换成那种情景模式

BroadcastReceiver的使用需要在androidmanifest文件中申明

<receiver android:name=".RingBroadcastReceiver"><intent-filter><action android:name="cn.zucc.yoyo.ringmaster.RING_RECEIVER" /></intent-filter></receiver>

当触发一定情景时只要发送一个Intent。广播接收器就可以接受到,然后执行相应代码

Intent intent = new Intent("cn.zucc.yoyo.ringmaster.RING_RECEIVER");  Bundle bundle = new Bundle();  bundle.putDouble("latitude", currentGeoPoint.getLatitudeE6());  bundle.putDouble("longitude", currentGeoPoint.getLongitudeE6());  intent.putExtra("location", bundle);// 发送广播  sendBroadcast(intent);

接下来是实时获取用户当前的位置

我们的activity是时常被用户打断的。即被置到后台,用户处理其他事情去了。所以实时更新位置信息就需要使用service组件。该组件将一直运行在后台,除非你停止它。

service的使用也需要在androidmanifest文件中定义

<service android:name=".RingService" android:process=":remote">            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="cn.zucc.yoyo.ringmaster.RING_SERVICE" />            </intent-filter>        </service>

对于service我们只需要知道它的5个生命周期,然后在相应的周期中干我们需要的事情即可。

而启动一个service,和停止service也很简单

startService(new Intent(
"cn.zucc.yoyo.ringmaster.RING_SERVICE2"));

startService(new Intent(            "cn.zucc.yoyo.ringmaster.RING_SERVICE2"));stopService(new Intent(            "cn.zucc.yoyo.ringmaster.RING_SERVICE2"));

补充一点,关于手机重力感应,因为也是需要实时判断,所以我也将它添加在service中。

private SensorManager sensorMgr ;private SensorEventListener lsn ;sensorMgr = (SensorManager) getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);    Sensor sensor = sensorMgr.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);        lsn = new SensorEventListener() {            public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent e) {               //x = e.values[SensorManager.DATA_X];                  //  y = e.values[SensorManager.DATA_Y];                    z = (int) e.values[SensorManager.DATA_Z];                 if(z>5&&(audio.getRingerMode()!=AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_NORMAL)){             Intent intent = new Intent("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVER");     intent.putExtra("ringmode", 4);     // 发送广播     sendBroadcast(intent);             }else if(z<-5&&(audio.getRingerMode()!=AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_SILENT)){             Intent intent = new Intent("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVER");     intent.putExtra("ringmode", 3);     // 发送广播     sendBroadcast(intent);             }                         // setTitle("x="+(int)x+","+"y="+(int)y+","+"z="+(int)z);              }                             public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor s, int accuracy) {               }           };    

当手机状态变化时就发送相应的intent广播。。广播接收器接收到后根据intent携带的值,改变情景模式。

而用户当前位置的更新问题也和上面的重力感应更新差不多

private LocationManager mLocationManager;mLocationManager =(LocationManager)getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);updateMyLocation(mLocationManager);/**更新我的位置 *  * */String strLocationProvider="test";  public void updateMyLocation(LocationManager lm){      /* 第一次运行向Location Provider取得Location */      Location mLocation01 = getLocationProvider(lm);      if(mLocation01!=null)      {        processLocationUpdated(mLocation01);      }      else      {      Toast.makeText(this,"位置初始化出错", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();      }      /* 创建LocationManager对象,监听Location更改时事件,更新MapView */      lm.requestLocationUpdates      (strLocationProvider, 2000, 10, mLocationListener01);  }    public Location getLocationProvider(LocationManager lm)  {//设定:地理位置获取的参数信息    Location retLocation = null;    try    {      Criteria mCriteria01 = new Criteria();      mCriteria01.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE);      mCriteria01.setAltitudeRequired(false);      mCriteria01.setBearingRequired(false);      mCriteria01.setCostAllowed(true);      mCriteria01.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);      strLocationProvider = lm.getBestProvider(mCriteria01, true);      retLocation = lm.getLastKnownLocation(strLocationProvider);    }    catch(Exception e)    {     // mTextView01.setText(e.toString());      e.printStackTrace();    }    return retLocation;  }    /**位置监听器*/  public final LocationListener  mLocationListener01 = new LocationListener()  {  public void onLocationChanged(Location location)  {  // TODO Auto-generated method stub  /* 当手机收到位置更改时,将location传入取得地理坐标 */  processLocationUpdated(location);  }  public void onProviderDisabled(String provider)  {  // TODO Auto-generated method stub  /* 当Provider已离开服务范围时 */  Toast.makeText(RingService.this, "无地理位置信息可用", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  }  public void onProviderEnabled(String provider)  {  // TODO Auto-generated method stub  }  public void onStatusChanged  (String provider, int status, Bundle extras)  {  // TODO Auto-generated method stub  }  };    /* 当手机收到位置更改,将location传入GeoPoint及MapView */  private void processLocationUpdated(Location location)  {  /* 传入Location对象,取得GeoPoint地理坐标 */  GeoPoint currentGeoPoint = getGeoByLocation(location);  /**   * */  Log.i("service--------",currentGeoPoint.getLatitudeE6()+":"+currentGeoPoint.getLongitudeE6());  //读取记录的位置信息  Intent intent = new Intent("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVER2");  Bundle bundle = new Bundle();  bundle.putDouble("latitude", currentGeoPoint.getLatitudeE6());  bundle.putDouble("longitude", currentGeoPoint.getLongitudeE6());  intent.putExtra("location", bundle);// 发送广播  sendBroadcast(intent);  Log.i("service--------", "been send");      Intent intent2 = new Intent("cn.yoyo.locationupdate");  Bundle bundle2 = new Bundle();  bundle2.putDouble("latitude", currentGeoPoint.getLatitudeE6());  bundle2.putDouble("longitude", currentGeoPoint.getLongitudeE6());  intent2.putExtra("location", bundle2);  // 发送广播  sendBroadcast(intent2);  Log.i("service--------", "been send"); // Toast.makeText(this, "情景已切换", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  }  /**location->geopoint*/  public static GeoPoint getGeoByLocation(Location location)  {  GeoPoint gp = null;  try  {  /* 当Location存在 */  if (location != null)  {  double geoLatitude = location.getLatitude()*1E6;  double geoLongitude = location.getLongitude()*1E6;  gp = new GeoPoint((int) geoLatitude, (int) geoLongitude);  }  }  catch(Exception e)  {  e.printStackTrace();  }  return gp;  }

最后就是使用android Google map .使用关于如何使用Google map网上也有很详细的介绍,有时间我将专门详细的写一篇关于Google map的。

这里重点介绍下如何在Mapview上添加自定义标记的问题,当我在查找相关资料时,由于他们用的就是旧版的SDK,所以代码没有运行起来。

要向Mapview添加标记只要如下代码即可。

MapLocationOverlay overlay = new MapLocationOverlay(this);mapView.getOverlays().add(overlay);

这里我继承Overlay,实现了自己的一个标记MapLocationOverlay

public class MapLocationOverlay  extends Overlay {    private Bitmap bubbleIcon, shadowIcon;    private Bitmap bubbleVolume,bubbleVolumeOff,bubbleVibrate,bubbleVolumeeVibrate;    private MapLocationViewer mapLocationViewer;private PaintinnerPaint, borderPaint, textPaint;      private RecordLocation selectedMapLocation;    private Handler mHandler;    public void setinfowindow(Handler handler){    this.mHandler = handler;    }public MapLocationOverlay(MapLocationViewermapLocationViewer) {this.mapLocationViewer = mapLocationViewer;bubbleIcon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(mapLocationViewer.getResources(),R.drawable.bubble);bubbleVolume = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(mapLocationViewer.getResources(),R.drawable.bubble_volume);bubbleVolumeOff = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(mapLocationViewer.getResources(),R.drawable.bubble_volumeoff);bubbleVibrate = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(mapLocationViewer.getResources(),R.drawable.bubble_vibrate);bubbleVolumeeVibrate = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(mapLocationViewer.getResources(),R.drawable.bubble_volumevibrate);shadowIcon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(mapLocationViewer.getResources(),R.drawable.shadow);}@Overridepublic boolean onTap(GeoPoint p, MapViewmapView)  {//  Store whether prior popup was displayed so we can call invalidate() & remove it if necessary.boolean isRemovePriorPopup = selectedMapLocation != null;//  Next test whether a new popup should be displayedselectedMapLocation = getHitMapLocation(mapView,p);if ( isRemovePriorPopup || selectedMapLocation != null) {if(selectedMapLocation==null){//发送消息Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage();msg.what = RingMaster.REFERSH_LOCATION;Bundle b = new Bundle();b.putInt("view",android.view.View.GONE);msg.setData(b);mHandler.sendMessage(msg);}else{//发送消息Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage();msg.what = RingMaster.REFERSH_LOCATION;Bundle b = new Bundle();b.putString("location", selectedMapLocation.getLocation_Id());//b.putString("ringmode", selectedMapLocation.getLocation_ring());b.putDouble("latitude", selectedMapLocation.getLocation_latitude());b.putDouble("longitude", selectedMapLocation.getLocation_longitude());b.putInt("view", android.view.View.VISIBLE);msg.setData(b);mHandler.sendMessage(msg);mapView.getController().animateTo(p);mapView.invalidate();}}//  Lastly return true if we handled this onTap()return selectedMapLocation != null;}    @Overridepublic void draw(Canvas canvas, MapViewmapView, boolean shadow) {   drawMapLocations(canvas, mapView, shadow);   //drawInfoWindow(canvas, mapView, shadow);    }    private RecordLocation getHitMapLocation(MapViewmapView, GeoPointtapPoint) {    //  Track which MapLocation was hit...if any    RecordLocation hitMapLocation = null;    RectF hitTestRecr = new RectF();Point screenCoords = new Point();    Iterator<RecordLocation> iterator = mapLocationViewer.getMapLocations().iterator();    while(iterator.hasNext()) {    RecordLocation testLocation = iterator.next();    //  Translate the MapLocation's lat/long coordinates to screen coordinates    mapView.getProjection().toPixels(testLocation.getPoint(), screenCoords);    // Create a 'hit' testing Rectangle w/size and coordinates of our icon    // Set the 'hit' testing Rectangle with the size and coordinates of our on screen icon    hitTestRecr.set(-bubbleIcon.getWidth()*2,-bubbleIcon.getHeight()*2,bubbleIcon.getWidth()*2,0);    hitTestRecr.offset(screenCoords.x,screenCoords.y);    //  Finally test for a match between our 'hit' Rectangle and the location clicked by the user    mapView.getProjection().toPixels(tapPoint, screenCoords);    if (hitTestRecr.contains(screenCoords.x,screenCoords.y)) {    hitMapLocation = testLocation;    break;    }    }    //  Lastly clear the newMouseSelection as it has now been processed    tapPoint = null;    return hitMapLocation;    }    private static final int VOLUME=1,VIBRATE=2,VOLUMEOFF=3,VOLUMEVIBRATE=4;    private void drawMapLocations(Canvas canvas, MapViewmapView, boolean shadow) {    if(mapLocationViewer.getMapLocations()!=null){        Iterator<RecordLocation> iterator = mapLocationViewer.getMapLocations().iterator();    Point screenCoords = new Point();    while(iterator.hasNext()) {    RecordLocation location = iterator.next();    mapView.getProjection().toPixels(location.getPoint(), screenCoords);        if (shadow) {    //  Only offset the shadow in the y-axis as the shadow is angled so the base is at x=0;    canvas.drawBitmap(shadowIcon, screenCoords.x, screenCoords.y - shadowIcon.getHeight(),null);    } else {    switch(Integer.valueOf(location.getLocation_ring())){    case VOLUME:    canvas.drawBitmap(bubbleVolume, screenCoords.x - bubbleVolume.getWidth()/2, screenCoords.y - bubbleVolume.getHeight(),null);    break;    case VIBRATE:    canvas.drawBitmap(bubbleVibrate, screenCoords.x - bubbleVibrate.getWidth()/2, screenCoords.y - bubbleVibrate.getHeight(),null);    break;    case VOLUMEOFF:    canvas.drawBitmap(bubbleVolumeOff, screenCoords.x - bubbleVolumeOff.getWidth()/2, screenCoords.y - bubbleVolumeOff.getHeight(),null);    break;    case VOLUMEVIBRATE:    canvas.drawBitmap(bubbleVolumeeVibrate, screenCoords.x - bubbleVolumeeVibrate.getWidth()/2, screenCoords.y - bubbleVolumeeVibrate.getHeight(),null);    break;    default:    canvas.drawBitmap(bubbleIcon, screenCoords.x - bubbleIcon.getWidth()/2, screenCoords.y - bubbleIcon.getHeight(),null);    break;    }    }    }    }    }  public Paint getInnerPaint() {if ( innerPaint == null) {innerPaint = new Paint();innerPaint.setARGB(225, 75, 75, 75); //grayinnerPaint.setAntiAlias(true);}return innerPaint;}public Paint getBorderPaint() {if ( borderPaint == null) {borderPaint = new Paint();borderPaint.setARGB(255, 255, 255, 255);borderPaint.setAntiAlias(true);borderPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);borderPaint.setStrokeWidth(2);}return borderPaint;}public Paint getTextPaint() {if ( textPaint == null) {textPaint = new Paint();textPaint.setARGB(255, 255, 255, 255);textPaint.setAntiAlias(true);}return textPaint;}

注:这里可能有些函数是无用的,因为这个类还实现在Mapview上出现infowindow的效果。不过这里为了简化起见我就删了。

最后总结一下:其实开发一个应用,我都是先从view开始,然后更具应用需要的,进行单个功能的开发,最后就是ctrl+c和V了呵呵。

但这里正好是反过来了。想从易道难成列。。。哈哈毕竟是新手,第一次写这种文章,大家见谅吧。

这个应用只有一个activity,既只有一个view。在这个view中有Mapview。

而使用Google map 基本上就是让这个activity继承MapActivity,然后对这个Mapview对象进行操作了。

这个应用通过两个service分别运行在后台,其一实时更新用户的位置,其二实时跟新手机的重力状态。进而发送相应的intent广播,而这个intent广播携带了情景模式的信息,当boardcastreceiver(广播接收器)接受到这个广播后就调用相应函数并根据intent携带的信息改变手机的情景。而用户每次记录的地点和情景,则使用了XML文件进行读写。

在mapview上的自定义标记采用了重写ondraw方法的方式,在底层自己绘制。

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