python系列学习六——移动开发
1. SDK下载
SDK下载地址
注:该SKD需要预先安装jre(Java Runtime Environment)
2. 配置SDK和模拟器
打开 SDK Manager,安装所需要的packages:
选择Tools-->Manage AVDs,添加一个新的Android虚拟设备(AVD):
3. 安装配置android脚本环境
打开模拟器设备,点击模拟器的浏览器,导航的下面地址:
https://code.google.com/p/android-scripting/
点击二维码图片,下载SL4A包并安装,安装完成后回到浏览器,选择Downloads标签页,下载安装python_form_andorid_rx.apk.
安装完成后打开该软件,点击Install,下载解压安装面向Android的Python支持文件(这个过程不要点击屏幕任何地方)。
至此 ,Python2.6.2和Python for android都已安装在模拟器中。
4. 测试Python
编写脚本mydroidtest.py:
import androidapp = android.Android()msg = "Hello from head first Python on android"app.makeToast(msg)
要把脚本传送到模拟器,需要把它复制到模拟器的虚拟SD卡中,sdk的platform-tools文件夹下有个adb命令,将platform-tools路径添加到系统环境变量中,然后在终端进入脚本所在目录输入命令: adb push mydroidtest.py /sdcard/sl4a/scripts
打开SL4A应用,可以看到mydroidtest.py脚本在列表中,单击脚本名,选择转轮图标即可运行该脚本: 如图,模拟器正常运行所编写的代码。
5. json模块
json.dumps() encode data with json format
json.loads() decode json data to orogin data
6. android应用
webapp中的模块athletemodel添加get_names_from_store()方法:
import cPickle as pfrom athletelist import AthleteListdef get_coach_data(filename): try: with open(filename) as f: data = f.readline().strip().split(',') return AthleteList(data.pop(0), data.pop(0), data) except IOError as err: print 'File error: ' + str(err)def put_to_store(the_files): athletes = {} for f in the_files: ath = get_coach_data(f) athletes[ath.name] = ath try: with open('athletes.pickle', 'w') as athf: p.dump(athletes, athf) return athletes except IOError as err: print 'File error(put_to_store): ' + str(err) return Nonedef get_from_store(): athletes = {} try: with open('athletes.pickle') as athf: athletes = p.load(athf) return athletes except IOError as err: print 'File error(put_to_store): ' + str(err) return Nonedef get_names_from_store(): athletes = get_from_store() name_list = [athletes[ath].name for ath in athletes] return name_list
athletelist添加to_dict()方法,将athlete数据转换为字典:
class AthleteList(list): def __init__(self, a_name, a_dob=None, a_times=[]): list.__init__([]) self.name = a_name self.dob = a_dob self.extend(a_times) @staticmethod def sanitize(the_time): if '-' in the_time: splitter = '-' elif ':' in the_time: splitter = ':' else: return the_time (mins, secs) = the_time.split(splitter) return mins + '.' + secs def top3(self): return sorted(set([self.sanitize(t) for t in self]))[0:3] def to_dict(self): return {'name': self.name, 'dob': self.dob, 'top3': self.top3()}
新建python cgi脚本generate_names.py,获取athlete names的json数据:
# coding=utf-8import yateimport athletemodelimport jsonimport cgitbcgitb.enable()names = athletemodel.get_names_from_store()print yate.start_response('application/json')print json.dumps(sorted(names))
新建python cgi脚本generate_data.py,根据athlete name获取相关数据: # coding=utf-8import cgiimport yateimport jsonimport athletemodelform_data = cgi.FieldStorage()athlete_name = form_data['athlete'].valueathletes = athletemodel.get_from_store()print yate.start_response('application/json')print json.dumps(athletes[athlete_name].to_dict())
编写android脚本程序coachapp.py:
# coding=utf-8import androidimport jsonimport timefrom urllib import urlencodefrom urllib2 import urlopenhello_msg = "Welcomd to Coach Kelly's Timing App"list_title = "Here is your list of athletes:"quit_msg = "Quitting Coach Kelly's App."web_server = "http://192.168.115.1:8080"get_name_cgi = "/cgi-bin/generate_names.py"get_data_cgi = "/cgi-bin/generate_data.py"def send_to_server(url, post_data=None):"""该函数取一个url和一些可选数据,向web服务器发送一个web请求,web响应返回给调用者"""if post_data:page = urlopen(url, urlencode(post_data))else:page = urlopen(url)return page.read().decode('utf8')app = android.Android()def status_update(msg, how_long=2):"""显示简短消息提示"""app.makeToast(msg)time.sleep(how_long)# 显示欢迎消息status_update(hello_msg)# 将web请求发送给服务器,把json相应转换为一个有序列表athlete_names = sorted(json.loads(send_to_server(web_server+get_name_cgi)))# 创建一个包含两个按钮的对话框app.dialogCreateAlert(list_title)app.dialogSetSingleChoiceItems(athlete_names)app.dialogSetPositiveButtonText('Select')app.dialogSetNegativeButtonText('Quit')app.dialogShow()# 等待用户点击一个按钮,把结果赋给respresp = app.dialogGetResponse().resultif resp['which'] in ('positive'):selected_index = app.dialogGetSelectedItems().result[0]selected_name = athlete_names[selected_index]athlete = json.loads(send_to_server(web_server+get_data_cgi, {'athlete': selected_name}))athlete_title = athlete['name'] + ' (' + athlete['dob'] + '), top 3 times: 'app.dialogCreateAlert(athlete_title)app.dialogSetItems(athlete['top3'])app.dialogSetPositiveButtonText('OK')app.dialogShow()resp = app.dialogGetResponse().result# 显示退出消息status_update(quit_msg)
程序运行结果: 小结:
1)Json库模块允许将Python的内置类型转换为基于文本的JSON数据交换格式
2)使用json.dumps()可以创建一个Python类型的字符串版本
3)使用json.loads()可以从一个JSON字符串创建一个Python类型
4)如果数据使用JSON发送,需要将其Content-Type:设置为application/json
5)urllib和urllib2库模块可以用来从一个程序向web服务器发送编码的数据(使用urlencode()和urlopen()函数)
6)sys模块提供了sys.stdout和sys.stderr输入流
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