Android 之 自定义标签 和 自定义组件
16lz
2021-01-23
1自定义标签
这是我的模板项目目录
既然想像 android:text 那样使用自己的标签，那么首先得有标签。 在 res/values/ 下我新建了个 mm_tag.xml (切记不可出现大写，只能是 小写字母、数字、下划线) 第一步:自定义 标签
mm_tag.xml<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources> <declare-styleable name="GridItem"> <attr name="bkground" format="reference|color"/> <attr name="text1" format="string"/> <attr name="text2" format="string"/> <attr name="image" format="reference|integer"/> </declare-styleable> </resources>
format 参考: 1. reference：参考某一资源ID 2. color：颜色值 3. boolean：布尔值 4. dimension：尺寸值 5. float：浮点值 6. integer：整型值 7. string：字符串 8. fraction：百分数 9. enum：枚举值
//属性定义：< declare -styleable name = "名称" > <attr name = "orientation" > <enum name = "horizontal" value = "0" /> <enum name = "vertical" value = "1" /> </attr> </ declare -styleable>//属性使用：<LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation = "vertical" android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "fill_parent"></LinearLayout>
10. flag：位或运算
//属性定义：< declare -styleable name = "名称" > <attr name = "windowSoftInputMode" > <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" /> <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" /> <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" /> </attr> </ declare -styleable>//属性使用：<activity android: name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity" android:label = "@string/app_name" android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden" > <intent-filter> < action android: name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android: name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter></activity>
11.注意：属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
//属性定义：< declare -styleable name = "名称" > <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" /></ declare -styleable>//属性使用：<ImageView android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip" android: background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00" />
第二步:在自定义组件中获得标签传回的数据
比如我们在布局中使用自定义组件 GridItem: 首先 声明好 标签的命名空间xmlns:griditem = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.mm.template"//对比下 android 的命名空间:xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"发现只有 res/后面的不同， com.mm.template 是我的应用程序包名，通过 上文中的 项目目录图片可以看出来， griditem 是我随便想的一个命名空间的名字。 接下来就是使用自定义组件
< com.mm.template.GridItem griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1" android:padding = "5dp" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight = "1" griditem:bkground = "@color/orange" griditem:text1 = "Android" griditem:text2 = "手机开发" />其中 用到了我们的自定义标签：
griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1"griditem:bkground = "@color/orange"griditem:text1 = "Android"griditem:text2 = "手机开发"怎么获取标签传回的数据呢呢？ 在自定义组件 GridItem 的实现代码中使用如下方法即可
public GridItem(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs);TypedArray typedarray=context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.GridItem);bk_color =typedarray.getResourceId(R.styleable.GridItem_bkground, R.color.burlywood);text1 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text1);text2 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text2);image=typedarray.getDrawable(R.styleable.GridItem_image);typedarray.recycle();view=LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.mm_grid_item, this,true);layout=(LinearLayout)view.findViewById(R.id.item_layout);textview1=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text1);textview2=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text2);imageview=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.imageview);layout.setBackgroundResource(bk_color);//设置背景色textview1.setText(text1);//设置第一行文字textview2.setText(text2);//设置第二行文字imageview.setImageDrawable(image);//设置图标} 即可获得 我们自定义标签传过来的数据，并且正确的在界面中显示出来。 下面我将结合自定义 组件 GridItem 来一起讲。
2自定义组件
我想实现一个组件，类似于这样的
方法有很多种，自定义布局即可，现在我想让它以组件的形式在 布局中直接 像 TextView 一样使用， 
那么就用到自定义组件。 下面我将实现一个自定义组件 GridItem 实现。 一般都是继承于 Layout（我用继承于View时出现问题 ~~!） GridItem.java package com.mm.template;import android.content.Context;import android.content.res.TypedArray;import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;import android.util.AttributeSet;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.widget.ImageView;import android.widget.LinearLayout;import android.widget.TextView;public class GridItem extends LinearLayout {privateint bk_color;//背景色private String text1;//第一行文字private String text2;//第二行文字private Drawable image;//图标private LinearLayout layout;private TextView textview1;private TextView textview2;private ImageView imageview;private View view;public GridItem(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs);TypedArray typedarray=context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.GridItem);bk_color =typedarray.getResourceId(R.styleable.GridItem_bkground, R.color.burlywood);text1 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text1);text2 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text2);image=typedarray.getDrawable(R.styleable.GridItem_image);typedarray.recycle();view=LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.mm_grid_item, this,true);layout=(LinearLayout)view.findViewById(R.id.item_layout);textview1=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text1);textview2=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text2);imageview=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.imageview);layout.setBackgroundResource(bk_color);//设置背景色textview1.setText(text1);//设置第一行文字textview2.setText(text2);//设置第二行文字imageview.setImageDrawable(image);//设置图标}} 这个自定义组件 GridItem用到的布局文件 mm_grid_item.xml
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools" android: id = "@+id/item_layout" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android:orientation = "vertical" android: background = "@color/black" android:padding = "3dp" android:paddingLeft = "6dp" tools:ignore = "HardcodedText,ContentDescription" > < TextView android: id = "@+id/text1" android:layout_weight = "1" style = "@style/MM_TextView" /> < TextView android: id = "@+id/text2" android:layout_weight = "1" android:textSize = "12sp" style = "@style/MM_TextView" /> < ImageView android: id = "@+id/imageview" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "0dp" android:layout_gravity = "right" android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_1" android:layout_weight = "2" android:layout_marginTop = "10dp" android:scaleType = "fitCenter" /> <!--图片缩放 android:scaleX="0.8" android:scaleY="0.8" --> </ LinearLayout >
3 使用方法
在 main_layout.xml (我的主布局文件)中使用< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools" xmlns:griditem = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.mm.template" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android: background = "@color/white" android:orientation = "vertical" tools:ignore = "HardcodedText,ContentDescription,NestedWeights" > <!-- Head start --> < LinearLayout android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "44dp" android:orientation = "horizontal" android:padding = "10dp" android: background = "@color/red" > < ImageView android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_1" /> < TextView android:layout_width = "0dp" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android:layout_weight = "1" android:gravity = "center" android: text = "测试案例" android:textStyle = "bold" android:textSize = "16sp" android:textColor = "@android:color/white" /> < ImageView android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_2" /> </ LinearLayout > <!-- Head end --> <!-- Search start--> < LinearLayout android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "36dp" android:orientation = "vertical" android:paddingTop = "3dp" android:layout_margin = "8dp" > < EditText android: id = "@+id/search_edit" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android:drawableLeft = "@drawable/mm_search" android: background = "@drawable/mm_shape_editview" android:hint = "请输入关键字" android:textSize = "16sp" android:textColorHint = "@color/darkgray" android:textStyle = "bold" android:padding = "6dp" /> </ LinearLayout > <!-- Search end --> <!-- GridItem start --> < LinearLayout android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "0dp" android:layout_weight = "1" android:orientation = "horizontal" android:layout_margin = "10dp" > < com.mm.template.GridItem griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1" android:padding = "5dp" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight = "1" griditem:bkground = "@color/orange" griditem:text1 = "Android" griditem:text2 = "手机开发" /> < com.mm.template.GridItem griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_2" android:padding = "5dp" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight = "1" griditem:bkground = "@color/blueviolet" griditem:text1 = "C++" griditem:text2 = "编程语言" /> < com.mm.template.GridItem griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_3" android:padding = "5dp" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight = "1" griditem:bkground = "@color/blue" griditem:text1 = "服务端" griditem:text2 = "后台开发" /> </ LinearLayout > <!-- GridItem end --> </ LinearLayout >也就是 <com /> 标签为我们自定义的 GridItem 组件。
4结果展示
参考 来源：< http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_62ef2f14010105vi.html > 注：转载请注明出处 :) 毕竟代码是一个一个敲出来的啊，O(∩_∩)O~ 更多相关文章
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