Android http 请求

转载来自：Alex Zhou，本文链接：http://codingnow.cn/android/723.html

这篇文章主要实现了在Android中使用JDK的HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源，服务端采用python+flask编写，使用Servlet太麻烦了。关于Http协议的相关知识，可以在网上查看相关资料。代码比较简单，就不详细解释了。

1. 使用JDK中HttpURLConnection访问网络资源

(1)get请求

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 public String executeHttpGet() { String result = null ; URL url = null ; HttpURLConnection connection = null ; InputStreamReader in = null ; try { url = new URL( "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou" ); connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String line = null ; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null ) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (connection != null ) { connection.disconnect(); } if (in != null ) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; }

注意：因为是通过android模拟器访问本地pc服务端，所以不能使用localhost和127.0.0.1，使用127.0.0.1会访问模拟器自身。Android系统为实现通信将PC的IP设置为10.0.2.2

(2)post请求

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 public String executeHttpPost() { String result = null ; URL url = null ; HttpURLConnection connection = null ; InputStreamReader in = null ; try { url = new URL( "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/" ); connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); connection.setDoInput( true ); connection.setDoOutput( true ); connection.setRequestMethod( "POST" ); connection.setRequestProperty( "Content-Type" , "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ); connection.setRequestProperty( "Charset" , "utf-8" ); DataOutputStream dop = new DataOutputStream( connection.getOutputStream()); dop.writeBytes( "token=alexzhou" ); dop.flush(); dop.close(); in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String line = null ; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null ) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (connection != null ) { connection.disconnect(); } if (in != null ) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; }

如果参数中有中文的话，可以使用下面的方式进行编码解码：

1 2	`URLEncoder.encode(` `"测试"` `,` `"utf-8"` `)` `URLDecoder.decode(` `"测试"` `,` `"utf-8"` `);`

2.使用Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源
(1)get请求

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 public String executeGet() { String result = null ; BufferedReader reader = null ; try { HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet request = new HttpGet(); request.setURI( new URI( "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou" )); HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(response .getEntity().getContent())); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer( "" ); String line = null ; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null ) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (reader != null ) { try { reader.close(); reader = null ; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; }

（2）post请求

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 public String executePost() { String result = null ; BufferedReader reader = null ; try { HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost request = new HttpPost(); request.setURI( new URI( "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/" )); List<NameValuePair> postParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); postParameters.add( new BasicNameValuePair( "token" , "alexzhou" )); UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity( postParameters); request.setEntity(formEntity); HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(response .getEntity().getContent())); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer( "" ); String line = null ; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null ) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (reader != null ) { try { reader.close(); reader = null ; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; }

3.服务端代码实现
上面是采用两种方式的get和post请求的代码，下面来实现服务端的代码编写，使用python+flask真的非常的简单，就一个文件，前提是你得搭建好python+flask的环境，代码如下：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 #coding=utf-8 import json from flask import Flask,request,render_template app = Flask(__name__) def send_ok_json(data = None ): if not data: data = {} ok_json = { 'ok' : True , 'reason' :' ',' data':data} return json.dumps(ok_json) @app .route( '/data/get/' ,methods = [ 'GET' ]) def data_get(): token = request.args.get( 'token' ) ret = '%s**%s' % (token, 'get' ) return send_ok_json(ret) @app .route( '/data/post/' ,methods = [ 'POST' ]) def data_post(): token = request.form.get( 'token' ) ret = '%s**%s' % (token, 'post' ) return send_ok_json(ret) if __name__ = = "__main__" : app.run(host = "localhost" ,port = 8888 ,debug = True )

运行服务器，如图：

4. 编写单元测试代码
右击项目：new–》Source Folder取名tests，包名是：com.alexzhou.androidhttp.test（随便取，没有要求），结构如图：

Android http 请求_第1张图片
在该包下创建测试类HttpTest，继承自AndroidTestCase。编写这四种方式的测试方法，代码如下:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 public class HttpTest extends AndroidTestCase { @Override protected void setUp() throws Exception { Log.e( "HttpTest" , "setUp" ); } @Override protected void tearDown() throws Exception { Log.e( "HttpTest" , "tearDown" ); } public void testExecuteGet() { Log.e( "HttpTest" , "testExecuteGet" ); HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); String result = client.executeGet(); Log.e( "HttpTest" , result); } public void testExecutePost() { Log.e( "HttpTest" , "testExecutePost" ); HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); String result = client.executePost(); Log.e( "HttpTest" , result); } public void testExecuteHttpGet() { Log.e( "HttpTest" , "testExecuteHttpGet" ); HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); String result = client.executeHttpGet(); Log.e( "HttpTest" , result); } public void testExecuteHttpPost() { Log.e( "HttpTest" , "testExecuteHttpPost" ); HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); String result = client.executeHttpPost(); Log.e( "HttpTest" , result); } }

附上HttpClientTest.java的其他代码：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 public class HttpClientTest { private static final Object mSyncObject = new Object(); private static HttpClientTest mInstance; private HttpClientTest() { } public static HttpClientTest getInstance() { synchronized (mSyncObject) { if (mInstance != null ) { return mInstance; } mInstance = new HttpClientTest(); } return mInstance; } /**...上面的四个方法...*/ }

现在还需要修改Android项目的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml，添加网络访问权限和单元测试的配置，AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的全部代码如下：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 < manifest xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package = "com.alexzhou.androidhttp" android:versionCode = "1" android:versionName = "1.0" > < uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.INTERNET" /> < uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion = "8" android:targetSdkVersion = "15" /> < application android:icon = "@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label = "@string/app_name" android:theme = "@style/AppTheme" > < uses-library android:name = "android.test.runner" /> < activity android:name = ".MainActivity" android:label = "@string/title_activity_main" > < intent-filter > < action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" /> < category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </ intent-filter > </ activity > </ application > < instrumentation android:name = "android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" android:targetPackage = "com.alexzhou.androidhttp" /> </ manifest >

注意：
android:name=”android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”这部分不用更改
android:targetPackage=”com.alexzhou.androidhttp”，填写应用程序的包名

5.测试结果
展开测试类HttpTest，依次选中这四个测试方法，右击：Run As–》Android Junit Test。
(1)运行testExecuteHttpGet，结果如图：
(2)运行testExecuteHttpPost，结果如图：
(3)运行testExecuteGet，结果如图：
(4)运行testExecutePost，结果如图：

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