Android Framework 框架系列之 AlarmManagerService(一)
16lz
2021-01-23
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本篇文章主要介绍 Android 开发中的AlarmManagerService部分知识点，通过阅读本篇文章，您将收获以下内容:
1.AlarmManager的使用
本文转自网络地址如下：http://www.robinheztto.com/2017/03/10/android-alarm-1/Android系统通过AlarmManager向应用提供定时/闹钟服务，以使应用在其生命周期之外可执行基于特定时间的操作，本篇将具体分析AlarmManager的使用及AlarmManagerService服务的初始化。
相关源码位于以下文件中:
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/AlarmManager.javaframeworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/AlarmManagerService.javaframeworks/base/services/core/jni/com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cppAlarmManager的使用
1.获取AlarmManager:
Context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);Alarm的类型:
AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP
AlarmManager.RTC
AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP
AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME
WAKEUP类型的Alarm会唤醒系统，休眠状态下会增加系统的功耗，所以在使用中应尽量避免使用该种类型的Alarm。
Alarm的Flag:
FLAG_STANDALONE
FLAG_WAKE_FROM_IDLE
FLAG_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE
FLAG_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_UNRESTRICTED
FLAG_IDLE_UNTIL
4.Alarm的set:
非精准Alarm，其window被指定为WINDOW_HEURISTIC：
public void set(int type, long triggerAtMillis, PendingIntent operation) {}public void set(int type, long triggerAtMillis, String tag, OnAlarmListener listener,Handler targetHandler) {}public void setRepeating(int type, long triggerAtMillis,long intervalMillis, PendingIntent operation) {}public void setInexactRepeating(int type, long triggerAtMillis,long intervalMillis, PendingIntent operation) {}// Doze模式下public void setAndAllowWhileIdle(int type, long triggerAtMillis, PendingIntent operation) {} 精准Alarm，其window被标记为WINDOW_EXACT
public void setWindow(int type, long windowStartMillis, long windowLengthMillis,PendingIntent operation) {}public void setWindow(int type, long windowStartMillis, long windowLengthMillis, String tag, OnAlarmListener listener, Handler targetHandler) {}public void setExact(int type, long triggerAtMillis, PendingIntent operation) {} public void setExact(int type, long triggerAtMillis, String tag, OnAlarmListener listener, Handler targetHandler) {} public void setAlarmClock(AlarmClockInfo info, PendingIntent operation) {}// Doze模式下public void setIdleUntil(int type, long triggerAtMillis, String tag, OnAlarmListener listener,Handler targetHandler) {}public void setExactAndAllowWhileIdle(int type, long triggerAtMillis, PendingIntent operation) {}AlarmManager中的set方法最终都是调用setImpl，下面是setImpl的具体实现。frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/AlarmManager.java
private void setImpl(@AlarmType int type, long triggerAtMillis, long windowMillis, long intervalMillis, int flags, PendingIntent operation, final OnAlarmListener listener, String listenerTag, Handler targetHandler, WorkSource workSource, AlarmClockInfo alarmClock) { if (triggerAtMillis < 0) { /* NOTYET if (mAlwaysExact) { // Fatal error for KLP+ apps to use negative trigger times throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid alarm trigger time " + triggerAtMillis); } */ triggerAtMillis = 0; }// OnAlarmListener封装到ListenerWrapper，并添加到sWrappers管理 ListenerWrapper recipientWrapper = null; if (listener != null) { synchronized (AlarmManager.class) { if (sWrappers == null) { sWrappers = new ArrayMap(); } recipientWrapper = sWrappers.get(listener); // no existing wrapper => build a new one if (recipientWrapper == null) { recipientWrapper = new ListenerWrapper(listener); sWrappers.put(listener, recipientWrapper); } } final Handler handler = (targetHandler != null) ? targetHandler : mMainThreadHandler; recipientWrapper.setHandler(handler); } // 调用AlarmManagerService try { mService.set(mPackageName, type, triggerAtMillis, windowMillis, intervalMillis, flags, operation, recipientWrapper, listenerTag, workSource, alarmClock); } catch (RemoteException ex) { throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer(); } } AlarmManagerService初始化
public AlarmManagerService(Context context) { super(context); mConstants = new Constants(mHandler); }下面先看Constants类的具体实现，主要负责Alarm相关的常量的读取及更新。
private final class Constants extends ContentObserver { // Key names stored in the settings value. private static final String KEY_MIN_FUTURITY = "min_futurity"; private static final String KEY_MIN_INTERVAL = "min_interval"; private static final String KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME = "allow_while_idle_short_time"; private static final String KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME = "allow_while_idle_long_time"; private static final String KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION = "allow_while_idle_whitelist_duration"; private static final String KEY_LISTENER_TIMEOUT = "listener_timeout"; private static final long DEFAULT_MIN_FUTURITY = 5 * 1000; private static final long DEFAULT_MIN_INTERVAL = 60 * 1000; private static final long DEFAULT_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME = DEFAULT_MIN_FUTURITY; private static final long DEFAULT_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME = 9*60*1000; private static final long DEFAULT_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION = 10*1000; private static final long DEFAULT_LISTENER_TIMEOUT = 5 * 1000; // Minimum futurity of a new alarm public long MIN_FUTURITY = DEFAULT_MIN_FUTURITY; // Minimum alarm recurrence interval public long MIN_INTERVAL = DEFAULT_MIN_INTERVAL; // Minimum time between ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE alarms when system is not idle. public long ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME = DEFAULT_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME; // Minimum time between ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE alarms when system is idling. public long ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME = DEFAULT_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME; // BroadcastOptions.setTemporaryAppWhitelistDuration() to use for FLAG_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE. public long ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION = DEFAULT_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION; // Direct alarm listener callback timeout public long LISTENER_TIMEOUT = DEFAULT_LISTENER_TIMEOUT; private ContentResolver mResolver; private final KeyValueListParser mParser = new KeyValueListParser(','); private long mLastAllowWhileIdleWhitelistDuration = -1; public Constants(Handler handler) { super(handler); updateAllowWhileIdleMinTimeLocked(); updateAllowWhileIdleWhitelistDurationLocked(); } public void start(ContentResolver resolver) { mResolver = resolver; mResolver.registerContentObserver(Settings.Global.getUriFor( Settings.Global.ALARM_MANAGER_CONSTANTS), false, this); updateConstants(); } public void updateAllowWhileIdleMinTimeLocked() { mAllowWhileIdleMinTime = mPendingIdleUntil != null ? ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME : ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME; } public void updateAllowWhileIdleWhitelistDurationLocked() { if (mLastAllowWhileIdleWhitelistDuration != ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION) { mLastAllowWhileIdleWhitelistDuration = ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION; BroadcastOptions opts = BroadcastOptions.makeBasic(); opts.setTemporaryAppWhitelistDuration(ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION); mIdleOptions = opts.toBundle(); } } @Override public void onChange(boolean selfChange, Uri uri) { updateConstants(); } private void updateConstants() { synchronized (mLock) { try { mParser.setString(Settings.Global.getString(mResolver, Settings.Global.ALARM_MANAGER_CONSTANTS)); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // Failed to parse the settings string, log this and move on // with defaults. Slog.e(TAG, "Bad alarm manager settings", e); } MIN_FUTURITY = mParser.getLong(KEY_MIN_FUTURITY, DEFAULT_MIN_FUTURITY); MIN_INTERVAL = mParser.getLong(KEY_MIN_INTERVAL, DEFAULT_MIN_INTERVAL); ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME = mParser.getLong(KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME, DEFAULT_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME); ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME = mParser.getLong(KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME, DEFAULT_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME); ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION = mParser.getLong( KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION, DEFAULT_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION); LISTENER_TIMEOUT = mParser.getLong(KEY_LISTENER_TIMEOUT, DEFAULT_LISTENER_TIMEOUT); updateAllowWhileIdleMinTimeLocked(); updateAllowWhileIdleWhitelistDurationLocked(); } } void dump(PrintWriter pw) { pw.println(" Settings:"); pw.print(" "); pw.print(KEY_MIN_FUTURITY); pw.print("="); TimeUtils.formatDuration(MIN_FUTURITY, pw); pw.println(); pw.print(" "); pw.print(KEY_MIN_INTERVAL); pw.print("="); TimeUtils.formatDuration(MIN_INTERVAL, pw); pw.println(); pw.print(" "); pw.print(KEY_LISTENER_TIMEOUT); pw.print("="); TimeUtils.formatDuration(LISTENER_TIMEOUT, pw); pw.println(); pw.print(" "); pw.print(KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME); pw.print("="); TimeUtils.formatDuration(ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME, pw); pw.println(); pw.print(" "); pw.print(KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME); pw.print("="); TimeUtils.formatDuration(ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME, pw); pw.println(); pw.print(" "); pw.print(KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION); pw.print("="); TimeUtils.formatDuration(ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION, pw); pw.println(); } }AlarmManagerService实例化后即调用onStart()方法。
@Override public void onStart() { // native层初始化 mNativeData = init(); mNextWakeup = mNextNonWakeup = 0; // We have to set current TimeZone info to kernel // because kernel doesn't keep this after reboot setTimeZoneImpl(SystemProperties.get(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY)); /// M:add for PPL feature ,@{ initPpl(); ///@} /// M: For handling non-wakeup alarms while WFD is connected registerWFDStatusChangeReciever(); ///@} /// M: added for BG powerSaving feature @{ initAlarmGrouping(); ///@} // Also sure that we're booting with a halfway sensible current time if (mNativeData != 0) { final long systemBuildTime = Environment.getRootDirectory().lastModified(); if (System.currentTimeMillis() < systemBuildTime) { Slog.i(TAG, "Current time only " + System.currentTimeMillis() + ", advancing to build time " + systemBuildTime); setKernelTime(mNativeData, systemBuildTime); } } // Determine SysUI's uid final PackageManager packMan = getContext().getPackageManager(); try { PermissionInfo sysUiPerm = packMan.getPermissionInfo(SYSTEM_UI_SELF_PERMISSION, 0); ApplicationInfo sysUi = packMan.getApplicationInfo(sysUiPerm.packageName, 0); if ((sysUi.privateFlags&ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED) != 0) { mSystemUiUid = sysUi.uid; } else { Slog.e(TAG, "SysUI permission " + SYSTEM_UI_SELF_PERMISSION + " defined by non-privileged app " + sysUi.packageName + " - ignoring"); } } catch (NameNotFoundException e) { } if (mSystemUiUid <= 0) { Slog.wtf(TAG, "SysUI package not found!"); } PowerManager pm = (PowerManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE); mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, "*alarm*"); mTimeTickSender = PendingIntent.getBroadcastAsUser(getContext(), 0, new Intent(Intent.ACTION_TIME_TICK).addFlags( Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY | Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_FOREGROUND | Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_VISIBLE_TO_INSTANT_APPS), 0, UserHandle.ALL); Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DATE_CHANGED); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING | Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_VISIBLE_TO_INSTANT_APPS); mDateChangeSender = PendingIntent.getBroadcastAsUser(getContext(), 0, intent, Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY_BEFORE_BOOT, UserHandle.ALL); // now that we have initied the driver schedule the alarm mClockReceiver = new ClockReceiver(); mClockReceiver.scheduleTimeTickEvent(); mClockReceiver.scheduleDateChangedEvent(); mInteractiveStateReceiver = new InteractiveStateReceiver(); mUninstallReceiver = new UninstallReceiver(); if (mNativeData != 0) { AlarmThread waitThread = new AlarmThread(); waitThread.start(); } else { Slog.w(TAG, "Failed to open alarm driver. Falling back to a handler."); } try { ActivityManager.getService().registerUidObserver(new UidObserver(), ActivityManager.UID_OBSERVER_IDLE, ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_UNKNOWN, null); } catch (RemoteException e) { // ignored; both services live in system_server } publishBinderService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE, mService); publishLocalService(LocalService.class, new LocalService()); }在onStart()后，SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY时onBootPhase()将被回调。
@Override public void onBootPhase(int phase) { if (phase == PHASE_SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY) { mConstants.start(getContext().getContentResolver()); mAppOps = (AppOpsManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE); mLocalDeviceIdleController = LocalServices.getService(DeviceIdleController.LocalService.class); } }回到onStart()，分析native层init的调用，下面看native init()的实现。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/AlarmManagerService.javaprivate native long init();frameworks/base/services/core/jni/com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp
static const JNINativeMethod sMethods[] = { /* name, signature, funcPtr */ {"init", "()J", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_init}, {"close", "(J)V", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_close}, {"set", "(JIJJ)V", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_set}, {"clear", "(JIJJ)V", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_clear}, {"waitForAlarm", "(J)I", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_waitForAlarm}, {"setKernelTime", "(JJ)I", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_setKernelTime}, {"setKernelTimezone", "(JI)I", (void*)android_server_AlarmManagerService_setKernelTimezone},};int register_android_server_AlarmManagerService(JNIEnv* env){ return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/server/AlarmManagerService", sMethods, NELEM(sMethods));}register_android_server_AlarmManagerService中注册了native方法，init()即调用android_server_AlarmManagerService_init。
frameworks/base/services/core/jni/com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp
static jlong android_server_AlarmManagerService_init(JNIEnv*, jobject){ // 初始化/dev/alarm jlong ret = init_alarm_driver(); if (ret) { return ret; } // 如果初始化/dev/alarm不成功，则进入timerfd初始化，现一般采用timerfd方式采用 return init_timerfd();}Native Alarm初始化采用了二种方案，AlarmDriver与timerfd，当alarm_driver失败时则使用timerfd，现在基本使用的是timerfd。如下，AlarmImpl是Native层Alarm操作的统一接口，AlarmImplAlarmDriver与AlarmImplTimerFd是AlarmDriver与timerfd二种不同方式的具体实现。
class AlarmImpl{public: AlarmImpl(int *fds, size_t n_fds); virtual ~AlarmImpl(); virtual int set(int type, struct timespec *ts) = 0; virtual int clear(int type, struct timespec *ts) = 0; virtual int setTime(struct timeval *tv) = 0; virtual int waitForAlarm() = 0;protected: int *fds; size_t n_fds;};class AlarmImplAlarmDriver : public AlarmImpl{public: AlarmImplAlarmDriver(int fd) : AlarmImpl(&fd, 1) { } int set(int type, struct timespec *ts); int clear(int type, struct timespec *ts); int setTime(struct timeval *tv); int waitForAlarm();};class AlarmImplTimerFd : public AlarmImpl{public: AlarmImplTimerFd(int fds[N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS], int epollfd, int rtc_id) : AlarmImpl(fds, N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS), epollfd(epollfd), rtc_id(rtc_id) { } ~AlarmImplTimerFd(); int set(int type, struct timespec *ts); int clear(int type, struct timespec *ts); int setTime(struct timeval *tv); int waitForAlarm();private: int epollfd; int rtc_id;};下面先看AlarmDriver的方式。
frameworks/base/services/core/jni/com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp
static jlong init_alarm_driver(){ // 打开/dev/alarm,失败则退出 int fd = open("/dev/alarm", O_RDWR); if (fd < 0) { ALOGV("opening alarm driver failed: %s", strerror(errno)); return 0; } // 根据fd创建AlarmImplAlarmDriver对象 AlarmImpl *ret = new AlarmImplAlarmDriver(fd); return reinterpret_cast(ret);}int AlarmImplAlarmDriver::set(int type, struct timespec *ts){ return ioctl(fds[0], ANDROID_ALARM_SET(type), ts);}int AlarmImplAlarmDriver::clear(int type, struct timespec *ts){ return ioctl(fds[0], ANDROID_ALARM_CLEAR(type), ts);}int AlarmImplAlarmDriver::setTime(struct timeval *tv){ struct timespec ts; int res; ts.tv_sec = tv->tv_sec; ts.tv_nsec = tv->tv_usec * 1000; res = ioctl(fds[0], ANDROID_ALARM_SET_RTC, &ts); if (res < 0) ALOGV("ANDROID_ALARM_SET_RTC ioctl failed: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return res;}int AlarmImplAlarmDriver::waitForAlarm(){ return ioctl(fds[0], ANDROID_ALARM_WAIT);} AlarmImplAlarmDriver中主要通过ioctl来实现Alarm的操作。当init_alarm_driver打开/dev/alarm失败时，选择timerfd实现Alarm的操作。
frameworks/base/services/core/jni/com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp
static const size_t N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS = ANDROID_ALARM_TYPE_COUNT + 1;static const clockid_t android_alarm_to_clockid[N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS] = { CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, CLOCK_REALTIME, CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, CLOCK_POWEROFF_ALARM, CLOCK_REALTIME,};static jlong init_timerfd(){ int epollfd; int fds[N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS]; // 创建epoll句柄，监听N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS个文件描述符 epollfd = epoll_create(N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS); if (epollfd < 0) { ALOGV("epoll_create(%zu) failed: %s", N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS, strerror(errno)); return 0; } for (size_t i = 0; i < N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS; i++) { // 创建定时器文件 fds[i] = timerfd_create(android_alarm_to_clockid[i], 0); if (fds[i] < 0) { ALOGV("timerfd_create(%u) failed: %s", android_alarm_to_clockid[i], strerror(errno)); close(epollfd); for (size_t j = 0; j < i; j++) { close(fds[j]); } return 0; } } // 根据fds创建AlarmImplTimerFd对象，AlarmImplTimerFd也继承于AlarmImpl AlarmImpl *ret = new AlarmImplTimerFd(fds, epollfd, wall_clock_rtc()); for (size_t i = 0; i < N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS; i++) { epoll_event event; event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLWAKEUP; event.data.u32 = i; // 将创建的定时器文件列表加入到epoll监听中 int err = epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fds[i], &event); if (err < 0) { ALOGV("epoll_ctl(EPOLL_CTL_ADD) failed: %s", strerror(errno)); delete ret; return 0; } } struct itimerspec spec; memset(&spec, 0, sizeof(spec)); int err = timerfd_settime(fds[ANDROID_ALARM_TYPE_COUNT], TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME | TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET, &spec, NULL); if (err < 0) { ALOGV("timerfd_settime() failed: %s", strerror(errno)); delete ret; return 0; } return reinterpret_cast(ret);} init_timerfd()中利用epoll+timerfd的方式，创建timerfd文件并加入到epoll监听中，创建的定时器文件中，我们主要使用的是CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM，CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM，CLOCK_POWEROFF_ALARM，分别对应RTC_WAKEUP(RTC)，ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP(ELAPSED_REALTIME)，RTC_POWEROFF_WAKEUP。下面具体看一下AlarmImplTimerFd::set设置定时器的实现。frameworks/base/services/core/jni/com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp
int AlarmImplTimerFd::set(int type, struct timespec *ts){ if (type > ANDROID_ALARM_TYPE_COUNT) { errno = EINVAL; return -1; } if (!ts->tv_nsec && !ts->tv_sec) { ts->tv_nsec = 1; } /* timerfd interprets 0 = disarm, so replace with a practically equivalent deadline of 1 ns */ struct itimerspec spec; memset(&spec, 0, sizeof(spec)); memcpy(&spec.it_value, ts, sizeof(spec.it_value)); // 直接调用timerfd_settime设置Alarm定时时间 return timerfd_settime(fds[type], TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME, &spec, NULL);}在waitForAlarm中将等待Alarm的到来，下面看AlarmImplTimerFd::waitForAlarm的实现。
frameworks/base/services/core/jni/com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp
int AlarmImplTimerFd::waitForAlarm(){ epoll_event events[N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS]; // 利用epolle_wait监听定时器的事件 int nevents = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, N_ANDROID_TIMERFDS, -1); if (nevents < 0) { return nevents; } int result = 0; // 事件到来，循环读取定时器文件 for (int i = 0; i < nevents; i++) { uint32_t alarm_idx = events[i].data.u32; uint64_t unused; ssize_t err = read(fds[alarm_idx], &unused, sizeof(unused)); if (err < 0) { if (alarm_idx == ANDROID_ALARM_TYPE_COUNT && errno == ECANCELED) { // 时间改变 result |= ANDROID_ALARM_TIME_CHANGE_MASK; } else { return err; } } else { // 设置result为触发的alarm_idx result |= (1 << alarm_idx); } } // 返回结果给AlarmManagerService return result;}waitForAlarm中一直在epoll_wait监听等待Alarm fd事件，当事件到来，循环读取定时器文件并向上层返回触发的Alarm index或时间改变事件。
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