Android驱动(一)硬件访问服务学习之(一)Android通过JNI访问硬件
- 硬件平台:tiny4412
- 系统:Android 5.0.2
- 编译器: arm-linux-gcc-4.5.1
首先来看一下android的系统框图。google后期加入一层HAL层,硬件访问层HAL
https://developer.android.com/guide/platform/index.html
1、android访问硬件驱动的两种方式
android如何管理多个应用对硬件的访问:硬件访问服务。方法1:
java的JNI技术 使得java可以访问C库。那我们就可以写好一个操作硬件的C库,然后加入到应用的工程中去,通过JNI来访问C库,从而实现对硬件的访问,这是操作硬件最简单的方法,但是没有凸显出android的特色。
优点:传统方法,简单易实现
缺点:jni多个设备同时访问,都可以来open吗?显然效率不好。
技术思路:
方法2:
硬件访问服务:发送请求服务—jni。不同硬件对应不同服务。
2、基于JNI的硬件访问
2.1、LED应用开发
首先我们来写一个应用程序,这个应用程序主要目的是 实现对硬件LED的操作。
开发框图
编写android应用程序
(1)创建一个android应用程序工程 (2)编写布局代码<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
(3)添加按键和复选框的监听事件: 代码片段:
button.setOnClickListener(new MyButtonListener());
class MyButtonListener implements View.OnClickListener { @Override public void onClick(View v) { HardControl hardControl = new HardControl();//依赖硬件 led_on = !led_on; if (led_on) { button.setText("ALL OFF"); led1.setChecked(true); led2.setChecked(true); led3.setChecked(true); led4.setChecked(true); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) HardControl.ledCtrl(i, 1); }
android:onClick="onCheckboxClicked"
public void onCheckboxClicked(View view) { // Is the view now checked? boolean checked = ((CheckBox) view).isChecked(); // Check which checkbox was clicked switch(view.getId()) { case R.id.led1: if (checked) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"led1_on",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); HardControl.ledCtrl(1, 1); }
else { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"led1_off",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); HardControl.ledCtrl(1, 0); } break;case R.id.led2:(4)申明本地java方法
HardControl.JAVA:
package com.example.yangfei.hardlibrary;public class HardControl { public static native int ledCtrl(int which, int status); public static native int ledOpen(); public static native void ledClose();//申明三个本地方法。 static { try { System.loadLibrary("hardcontrol"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}
下载到单板出错,是因为找不到库
(5)修改build.gradle,告诉系统库在哪里放着
sourceSets { main { jniLibs.srcDirs = ['libs'] }}
(6)在app/libs下建armeabi子目录,放入so文件(so怎么得到看下一节JNI文件的编写) onCreate: HardControl.ledCtrl(0, 1);
2.2 JNI文件编写hardcontrol.c
(1)基本的JNI访问C库实现hardcontrol.c#include /* /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ */#include #include #if 0typedef struct { char *name; /* Java里调用的函数名 */ char *signature; /* JNI字段描述符, 用来表示Java里调用的函数的参数和返回值类型 */ void *fnPtr; /* C语言实现的本地函数 */} JNINativeMethod;#endifjint ledOpen(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls){return 0;}void ledClose(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls){}jint ledCtrl(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls, jint which, jint status){return 0;}static const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {{"ledOpen", "()I", (void *)ledOpen},{"ledClose", "()V", (void *)ledClose},{"ledCtrl", "(II)I", (void *)ledCtrl},};/* System.loadLibrary */JNIEXPORT jint JNICALLJNI_OnLoad(JavaVM *jvm, void *reserved){JNIEnv *env;jclass cls;if ((*jvm)->GetEnv(jvm, (void **)&env, JNI_VERSION_1_4)) {return JNI_ERR; /* JNI version not supported */}cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "com/example/yangfei/hardlibrary/HardControl");if (cls == NULL) {return JNI_ERR;}/* 2. map java hello <-->c c_hello */if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(env, cls, methods, sizeof(methods)/sizeof(methods[0])) < 0)return JNI_ERR;return JNI_VERSION_1_4;}
编译hardcontrol.c生成SO文件 arm-linux-gcc -fPIC -shared hardcontrol.c -o libhardcontrol.so -I /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ -nostdlib /work/android-5.0.2/prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/lib/libc.so
-I /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ : jni.h的存放目录
-nostdlib 不使用标准库 是android系统源码里的 如下:
/work/android-5.0.2/prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/lib/libc.so : 指定libc.so,因为依赖于这个库
使用:__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG,"LEDDemo", "native ledOpen ...");
#include /* /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ */#include #include #include /* liblog *///__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "JNIDemo", "native add ..."); #if 0typedef struct { char *name; /* Java里调用的函数名 */ char *signature; /* JNI字段描述符, 用来表示Java里调用的函数的参数和返回值类型 */ void *fnPtr; /* C语言实现的本地函数 */} JNINativeMethod;#endifjint ledOpen(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls){__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledOpen ...");return 0;}void ledClose(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls){__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledClose ...");}jint ledCtrl(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls, jint which, jint status){__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledCtrl : %d, %d", which, status);return 0;}static const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {{"ledOpen", "()I", (void *)ledOpen},{"ledClose", "()V", (void *)ledClose},{"ledCtrl", "(II)I", (void *)ledCtrl},};/* System.loadLibrary */JNIEXPORT jint JNICALLJNI_OnLoad(JavaVM *jvm, void *reserved){JNIEnv *env;jclass cls;if ((*jvm)->GetEnv(jvm, (void **)&env, JNI_VERSION_1_4)) {return JNI_ERR; /* JNI version not supported */}cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "com/thisway/hardlibrary/HardControl");if (cls == NULL) {return JNI_ERR;}/* 2. map java hello <-->c c_hello */if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(env, cls, methods, sizeof(methods)/sizeof(methods[0])) < 0)return JNI_ERR;return JNI_VERSION_1_4;}
编译
arm-linux-gcc -fPIC -shared hardcontrol.c -o libhardcontrol.so -I /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ -nostdlib /work/android-5.0.2/prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/lib/libc.so -I /work/android-5.0.2/prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/include /work/android-5.0.2/prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/lib/liblog.so
(3)hardcontrol.c加入底层控制生成 libhardcontrol.so
#include /* /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ */#include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* liblog *///__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "JNIDemo", "native add ...");#if 0typedef struct { char *name; /* Java里调用的函数名 */ char *signature; /* JNI字段描述符, 用来表示Java里调用的函数的参数和返回值类型 */ void *fnPtr; /* C语言实现的本地函数 */} JNINativeMethod;#endifstatic jint fd;jint ledOpen(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls){fd = open("/dev/leds", O_RDWR);__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledOpen : %d", fd);if (fd >= 0)return 0;elsereturn -1;}void ledClose(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls){__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledClose ...");close(fd);}jint ledCtrl(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls, jint which, jint status){int ret = ioctl(fd, status, which);__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledCtrl : %d, %d, %d", which, status, ret);return ret;}static const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {{"ledOpen", "()I", (void *)ledOpen},{"ledClose", "()V", (void *)ledClose},{"ledCtrl", "(II)I", (void *)ledCtrl},};/* System.loadLibrary */JNIEXPORT jint JNICALLJNI_OnLoad(JavaVM *jvm, void *reserved){JNIEnv *env;jclass cls;if ((*jvm)->GetEnv(jvm, (void **)&env, JNI_VERSION_1_4)) {return JNI_ERR; /* JNI version not supported */}cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "com/example/yangfei/hardlibrary/HardControl");if (cls == NULL) {return JNI_ERR;}/* 2. map java hello <-->c c_hello */if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(env, cls, methods, sizeof(methods)/sizeof(methods[0])) < 0)return JNI_ERR;return JNI_VERSION_1_4;}
编译: arm-linux-gcc -fPIC -shared hardcontrol.c -o libhardcontrol.so -I /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ -nostdlib /work/android-5.0.2/prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/lib/libc.so -I /work/android-5.0.2/prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/include /work/android-5.0.2/prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/lib/liblog.so
2.3 编写驱动程序leds_4412.c
(驱动编译进linux内核,并创建设备节点)
(1)驱动程序编写
应用程序的不会看原理图,只会用open read write。
参考内核中的厂家驱动代码:
#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include static int led_gpios[] = {EXYNOS4212_GPM4(0),EXYNOS4212_GPM4(1),EXYNOS4212_GPM4(2),EXYNOS4212_GPM4(3),};static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){/* 配置GPIO为输出引脚 */int i;for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)s3c_gpio_cfgpin(led_gpios[i], S3C_GPIO_OUTPUT);return 0;}/* app : ioctl(fd, cmd, arg) */static long led_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,unsigned long arg){/* 根据传入的参数设置GPIO *//* cmd : 0-off, 1-on *//* arg : 0-3, which led */if ((cmd != 0) && (cmd != 1))return -EINVAL;if (arg > 4)return -EINVAL;gpio_set_value(led_gpios[arg], !cmd);return 0;}static struct file_operations leds_ops = {/* 结构 */ .owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */ .open = led_open, .unlocked_ioctl= led_ioctl,};static int major;static struct class *cls;int leds_init(void)/* 入口函数 */{major = register_chrdev(0, "leds", &leds_ops);/* 为了让系统udev,mdev给我们创建设备节点 *//* 创建类, 在类下创建设备 : /sys */cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "leds");device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "leds"); /* /dev/leds */return 0;}void leds_exit(void)/* 出口函数 */{device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, 0));class_destroy(cls);unregister_chrdev(major, "leds");}module_init(leds_init);module_exit(leds_exit);MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");MODULE_AUTHOR("www.100ask.net");
(2)编译驱动程序 leds_4412.c放入内核 drivers/char
修改drivers/char/Makefile,添加:
obj-y += leds_4412.o
重新编译内核
make zImage
work/linux-3.0.86/arch/boot/zImage
下载内核到开发板
Cat /proc/devices
3、总结
(1)写了一个java类,通过 System.loadLibrary("hardcontrol");来加载本地C库。 (2)在app/libs下建armeabi子目录,放入so文件。 需要制定lib库的位置sourceSets { main { jniLibs.srcDirs = ['libs'] }}
编译c库:
(3)-I /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ : jni.h的存放目录 (4) -nostdlib /work/android-5.0.2/prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/lib/libc.so :指定libc.so, 不使用标准库libc.so.6 libc.so是android系统源码里有的, 使用这个这个库 增加android打印: (5)打印信息: __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG,"LEDDemo", "native ledOpen ..."); 需要加入头#include (6) 指定liblog.so库路径 /work/android-5.0.2/prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/lib/liblog.so
启动应用 测试程序
APP,JNI,驱动代码下载地址:
点击打开链接
http://download.csdn.net/detail/fengyuwuzu0519/9755859
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