来自http://blog.csdn.net/zjg555543/article/details/7804701

一、概述

自Android开源以来,引起了嵌入式行业一股热潮,很多嵌入式开发者表示对Android有很强的兴趣,并下载Android源码进行编译和移植。Android源码的巨大(repo下来,大概2G)给人以Android相当复杂的错觉。本文从Android编译系统的角度,让大家了解Android其实也是很纯真的。 Android编译系统(build system)集中于Android源码下的build/core下,其下有n多个*.mk文件,另外还有一些shell脚本,可谓相当庞大。为什么google将它的编译系统弄的如此复杂庞大呢?在build/core下的build-system.html中有以下讲述:

1. Multiple Targets

2. Non-Recursive Make

3. Rapid Compile-Test Cycles

4. Both Environment and Config File Based Settings

5. Object File Directory / make clean ...... 基于以上目标,google Android开发人员将Android build system做成了现在的样子。在android.git.kernel.org上可以看到android build system作为一个项目一直在更新,因此,对于其编译系统的维护也是一个相当复杂的项目。为了实现Android在除ARM平台(x86、mips甚至一个全新的架构)上移植,必须深入了解Android编译系统。

二、 Android编译系统的架构

分析Android编译系统,你会发现,Android编译系统完成的并不仅仅是对目标(主机)系统二进制文件、java应用程序的编译、链接、打包等,而且还有包括生成各种依赖关系、确保某个模块的修改引起相依赖的文件的重新编译链接,甚至还包括目标文件系统的生成,配置文件的生成等,因此Android编译系统具有支持多架构(linux-x86windowsarm等)、多语言(汇编、CC++Java等)、多目标、多编译方式。这些目标和结构决定其架构也很重要。

Android编译系统集中于build/core下,几个很重要的*.mk文件如下:

main.mk(主控Makefile)

base_rules.mk(对一些Makefile的变量规则化)

config.mk(关于编译参数、编译命令的一些配置)

definations.mk(定义了很多编译系统中用到的宏,相当于函数库)

Makefile(这个Makefile特指build/core下的Makefile,此文件主要控制生成system.img,ramdisk.img,userdata.img,以及recorvery imagesdk等)

Binary.mk(控制如何生成目标文件)

Clear_vars.mk(清除编译系统中用到的临时变量)

Combo/linux-arm.mk(控制如何生成linux-arm二进制文件,包括ARM相关的编译器,编译参数等的设置)

Copy_headers.mk(将头文件拷贝到指定目录)

分散于各个目录下的Android.mk(控制生成局部模块的源码,名称所需头文件路径,依赖库等特殊选项)

Build/envsetup.mk(编译环境初始化,定义一些实用的shell函数,方便编译使用)

以上几个主要的文件,可以按照社会分工打一个比方:

Main.mk是总统,是老大,承担了很多工作。

Makefile是副总统,辅佐老大Main.mk

Base_rules.mk是交警,让不规则的东西,变得规则。

Config.mk是省长,规定了各个人民群众该如何行事

Definations.mk是图书馆管理员

Binary.mk应该属于村长了,规定每个人该如何行事

Clear_vars.mk应该属于保洁公司的工人吧

Combo/linux-arm.mk应该属于社会公民了,他决定自己该如何去做 三、Main.mk分析 执行make,实际执行的是:build\core\main.mk Main.mk主要包含如下几个部分的内容

1. SHELL设置

2. 编译环境配置

3. 编译环境检查

4. 包含必要的宏

5. 根据make参数设置编译时的变量

6. 包含需要编译的Android.mk

7. 设置编译系统Target:prerequisites 控制整个编译流程

下面对上面几点进行必要解释:

有了前面小节对Android编译系统架构的分析,如果需要修改Android编译系统,就可以不至于盲目找问题,修改代码了。今天分析下main.mk,看它能为我们Android编译提供什么有价值的信息,以及如何自己定制我们的Android编译系统。

1 Main.mk 的第一句就根据ANDROID_BUILD_SHELL来包裹编译系统用到的Shell,如果我们不想使用bash,而想使用sh,那么就可以在它前面写上ANDROID_BUILD_SHELL := /bin/sh,或者在build/envsetup.sh中添加相关定义。 # this turns off the suffix rules built into make

.SUFFIXES:

# If a rule fails, delete $@.

.DELETE_ON_ERROR:

# Figure out where we are.

#TOP := $(dir $(word $(words $(MAKEFILE_LIST)),$(MAKEFILE_LIST)))

#TOP := $(patsubst %/,%,$(TOP))

# TOPDIR is the normal variable you should use, because

# if we are executing relative to the current directory

# it can be "", whereas TOP must be "." which causes

# pattern matching probles when make strips off the

# trailing "./" from paths in various places.

#ifeq ($(TOP),.)

#TOPDIR :=

#else

#TOPDIR := $(TOP)/

#endif

2 MAKE_VERSION的检查。对这个项目的编译,需要make的版本大于或等于3.81

# check for broken versions of make

ifeq (0,$(shell expr $$(echo $(MAKE_VERSION) | sed "s/[^0-9/.].*//") />= 3.81))

$(warning ********************************************************************************)

$(warning * You are using version $(MAKE_VERSION) of make.)

$(warning * You must upgrade to version 3.81 or greater.)

$(warning * see file://$(shell pwd)/docs/development-environment/machine-setup.html)

$(warning ********************************************************************************)

$(error stopping)

endif

TOP := .

TOPDIR :=

BUILD_SYSTEM := $(TOPDIR)build/core
3 设定第一个目标:DEFAULT_GOAL := droid,在用户输入make之后,如果不加任何参数,那么默认的目标就是

droid。虽然后面的include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/config.mk写在默认目标droid依赖之后,但该目标之后的语句

# 都是要执行的,这由Makefile的语法决定的。

# This is the default target. It must be the first declared target.

DEFAULT_GOAL := droid

$(DEFAULT_GOAL):

# Set up various standard variables based on configuration

# and host information.

4 包含config.mkinclude $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/config.mk,config.mk是一个总括性的文件,它里面定义了

# 各种module编译所需要使用的HOST工具以及如何来编译各种模块。

include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/config.mk

# This allows us to force a clean build - included after the config.make

# environment setup is done, but before we generate any dependencies. This

# file does the rm -rf inline so the deps which are all done below will

# be generated correctly

5 包含cleanbuild.mk,cleanbuild.mk完成三件事,一是载入所有的CleanSpec.mk,二是检查更新clean_steps.mk

# previous_build_config.mk,避免不同编译间的互相干扰。最后是,定义installcleandataclean

include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/cleanbuild.mk

VERSION_CHECK_SEQUENCE_NUMBER := 1

-include $(OUT_DIR)/versions_checked.mk

ifneq ($(VERSION_CHECK_SEQUENCE_NUMBER),$(VERSIONS_CHECKED))

$(info Checking build tools versions...)

6 编译环境若不是windows的话,会检查Case-insensitive filesystems。(这里好像无关紧要)

ifneq ($(HOST_OS),windows)

ifneq ($(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),darwin-ppc)

# check for a case sensitive file system

ifneq (a,$(shell mkdir -p $(OUT_DIR) ; /

echo a > $(OUT_DIR)/casecheck.txt; /

echo B > $(OUT_DIR)/CaseCheck.txt; /

cat $(OUT_DIR)/casecheck.txt))

$(warning ************************************************************)

$(warning You are building on a case-insensitive filesystem.)

$(warning Please move your source tree to a case-sensitive filesystem.)

$(warning ************************************************************)

$(error Case-insensitive filesystems not supported)

endif

endif

endif

# Make sure that there are no spaces in the absolute path; the

# build system can't deal with them.

7 检查当前编译的绝对路径是否纯在空格:ifneq ($(words $(shell pwd)),1)若是存在空格,会抛出警告并退出。

ifneq ($(words $(shell pwd)),1)

$(warning ************************************************************)

$(warning You are building in a directory whose absolute path contains)

$(warning a space character:)

$(warning $(space))

$(warning "$(shell pwd)")

$(warning $(space))

$(warning Please move your source tree to a path that does not contain)

$(warning any spaces.)

$(warning ************************************************************)

$(error Directory names containing spaces not supported)

endif

# The windows build server currently uses 1.6. This will be fixed.

ifneq ($(HOST_OS),windows)

# Check for the correct version of java

java_version := $(shell java -version 2>&1 | head -n 1 | grep '[ "]1/.5[/. "$$]')

ifeq ($(strip $(java_version)),)

$(info ************************************************************)

$(info You are attempting to build with the incorrect version)

$(info of java.)

$(info $(space))

$(info Your version is: $(shell java -version 2>&1 | head -n 1).)

$(info The correct version is: 1.5.)

$(info $(space))

$(info Please follow the machine setup instructions at)

$(info $(space)$(space)$(space)$(space)http://source.android.com/download)

$(info ************************************************************)

$(error stop)

endif

# Check for the correct version of javac

8 对编译的java版本的检查,在windows编译是使用1.6的,在别的平台上要使用1.5,如下。

javac_version := $(shell javac -version 2>&1 | head -n 1 | grep '[ "]1/.5[/. "$$]')

ifeq ($(strip $(javac_version)),)

$(info ************************************************************)

$(info You are attempting to build with the incorrect version)

$(info of javac.)

$(info $(space))

$(info Your version is: $(shell javac -version 2>&1 | head -n 1).)

$(info The correct version is: 1.5.)

$(info $(space))

$(info Please follow the machine setup instructions at)

$(info $(space)$(space)$(space)$(space)http://source.android.com/download)

$(info ************************************************************)

$(error stop)

endif

endif # windows

$(shell echo 'VERSIONS_CHECKED := $(VERSION_CHECK_SEQUENCE_NUMBER)' /

> $(OUT_DIR)/versions_checked.mk)

endif

# These are the modifier targets that don't do anything themselves, but

# change the behavior of the build.

# (must be defined before including definitions.make)

INTERNAL_MODIFIER_TARGETS := showcommands checkbuild

# Bring in standard build system definitions.

9 包含definition.mk: definations.mk中定义了很多编译系统中用到的宏,这些宏在编译时需要经常调用,

# 因此在编译的很靠前的阶段,就将之包含了进来。

include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/definitions.mk

ifneq ($(filter eng user userdebug tests,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)

$(info ***************************************************************)

$(info ***************************************************************)

$(info Don't pass '$(filter eng user userdebug tests,$(MAKECMDGOALS))' on /

the make command line.)

# XXX The single quote on this line fixes gvim's syntax highlighting.

# Without which, the rest of this file is impossible to read.

$(info Set TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT in buildspec.mk, or use lunch or)

$(info choosecombo.)

$(info ***************************************************************)

$(info ***************************************************************)

$(error stopping)

endif

10 TARGET_BUILD_VARIANTbuildspec.mk设定,这个参数决定了要安装的模块。(重要,在后面会用到)

ifneq ($(filter-out $(INTERNAL_VALID_VARIANTS),$(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)),)

$(info ***************************************************************)

$(info ***************************************************************)

$(info Invalid variant: $(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)

$(info Valid values are: $(INTERNAL_VALID_VARIANTS)

$(info ***************************************************************)

$(info ***************************************************************)

$(error stopping)

endif

###

### In this section we set up the things that are different

### between the build variants

###

11 is_sdk_build的设置,根据在主目录里执行make时,make后面的参数决定。

is_sdk_build :=

ifneq ($(filter sdk,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)

is_sdk_build := true

endif

ifneq ($(filter sdk_addon,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)

is_sdk_build := true

endif

## user/userdebug ##

12 查看buildspec.mk文件中定义的TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT是否已经定义有userdebuguser,将结果保存到user_variant

# user_variant这个参数在后面会用很多,关系到后面ADDITIONAL_DEFAULT_PROPERTIEStags_to_installenable_target_debugging

# 这些重要参数的设置。ADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES用于指定被编译项的文件特性。

user_variant := $(filter userdebug user,$(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT))

enable_target_debugging := true

ifneq (,$(user_variant))

# Target is secure in user builds.

ADDITIONAL_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES += ro.secure=1

tags_to_install := user

ifeq ($(user_variant),userdebug)

# Pick up some extra useful tools

tags_to_install += debug

else

# Disable debugging in plain user builds.

enable_target_debugging :=

endif

# TODO: Always set WITH_DEXPREOPT (for user builds) once it works on OSX.

# Also, remove the corresponding block in config/product_config.make.

ifeq ($(HOST_OS)-$(WITH_DEXPREOPT_buildbot),linux-true)

WITH_DEXPREOPT := true

endif

# Disallow mock locations by default for user builds

ADDITIONAL_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES += ro.allow.mock.location=0

else # !user_variant

# Turn on checkjni for non-user builds.

ADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES += ro.kernel.android.checkjni=1

# Set device insecure for non-user builds.

ADDITIONAL_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES += ro.secure=0

# Allow mock locations by default for non user builds

ADDITIONAL_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES += ro.allow.mock.location=1

endif # !user_variant

13 根据enable_target_debugging的设置(在前面设定),设置DDITIONAL_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES的值。

ifeq (true,$(strip $(enable_target_debugging)))

# Target is more debuggable and adbd is on by default

ADDITIONAL_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES += ro.debuggable=1 persist.service.adb.enable=1

# Include the debugging/testing OTA keys in this build.

INCLUDE_TEST_OTA_KEYS := true

else # !enable_target_debugging

# Target is less debuggable and adbd is off by default

ADDITIONAL_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES += ro.debuggable=0 persist.service.adb.enable=0

endif # !enable_target_debugging

## eng ##

14 若是buildspec.mk文件中定义的TARGET_BUILD_VARIANTeng,再对tags_to_installADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES

# 进行设置。

ifeq ($(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT),eng)

tags_to_install := user debug eng

# Don't require the setup wizard on eng builds

ADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES := $(filter-out ro.setupwizard.mode=%,/

$(call collapse-pairs, $(ADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES))) /

ro.setupwizard.mode=OPTIONAL

endif

## tests ##

15 若是buildspec.mk文件中定义的TARGET_BUILD_VARIANTtest,再对tags_to_install进行配置

ifeq ($(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT),tests)

tags_to_install := user debug eng tests

endif

## sdk ##

16 若是对sdk的编译,会对MAKECMDGOALS的值进行检查,在编译sdk的时候,是不允许再另多其他中间目标的。

# 若是是sdk的边缘,还会tags_to_installADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES添加一些值。

ifdef is_sdk_build

ifneq ($(words $(filter-out $(INTERNAL_MODIFIER_TARGETS),$(MAKECMDGOALS))),1)

$(error The 'sdk' target may not be specified with any other targets)

endif

# TODO: this should be eng I think. Since the sdk is built from the eng

# variant.

tags_to_install := user debug eng

ADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES += xmpp.auto-presence=true

ADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES += ro.config.nocheckin=yes

else # !sdk

endif

## precise GC ##

17 查看PRODUCT_TAGS是否有定义dalvik.gc.type-precisePRODUCT_TAGS这个变量在product_config.mk定义。

# 若是有定义的话还要在ADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES添加dalvik.vm.dexopt-flags这个配置信息。

ifneq ($(filter dalvik.gc.type-precise,$(PRODUCT_TAGS)),)

# Enabling type-precise GC results in larger optimized DEX files. The

# additional storage requirements for ".odex" files can cause /system

# to overflow on some devices, so this is configured separately for

# each product.

ADDITIONAL_BUILD_PROPERTIES += dalvik.vm.dexopt-flags=m=y

endif

#########################################################################################################

#(18)若是PRODUCT_COPY_FILES没有记录apns-conf.xml,要确保添加上去。

# 注意:这几个文件的作用如下:

# apns-conf_sdk.xml如:$ANDROID_SRC_HOME/development/data/etc/apns-conf_sdk.xml

# --主要用于生成system/etc/apns-conf.xml文件,生成过程本质上就是原文拷贝

# apns.xml如:$ANDROID_SRC_HOME/frameworks/base/core/res/res/xml/apns.xml

# --该文件实际上在apn的设置方面没有实际意义,然而在android apn设置的逻辑方面却很重要,尤其是里面的version的值。

# apns-conf.xml如:$ANDROID_SRC_HOME/out/target/product/generic/system/etc/apns-conf.xml

# --该文件里记录的内容最终打包到system.img中:

##########################################################################################################

#

# Install an apns-conf.xml file if one's not already being installed.

ifeq (,$(filter %:system/etc/apns-conf.xml, $(PRODUCT_COPY_FILES)))

PRODUCT_COPY_FILES += /

development/data/etc/apns-conf_sdk.xml:system/etc/apns-conf.xml

ifeq ($(filter eng tests,$(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)),)

$(warning implicitly installing apns-conf_sdk.xml)

endif

endif


更多相关文章

  1. Android 的相关文件类型
  2. Android中attrs.xml文件的使用详解
  3. 如何给你的Android 安装文件(APK)瘦身
  4. 教你用电脑从 Google Play 下载 Android 程序 apk 文件
  5. android设置系统语言,字体大小,字体样式导致widget控件失效
  6. Service与Android系统实现(1)

随机推荐

  1. Android(安卓)圆形ImageView
  2. Android UI系统控件进阶(四)—网格视图控件
  3. 在Windows系统上安装与使用Android NDK r
  4. Android系统移植(二)-按键移植
  5. android广播指定权限
  6. Android的学习之路一 android的架构
  7. Android app“版本更新”功能的前后端实
  8. android 动画解析
  9. Android(安卓)Studio 快捷键 for mac
  10. [置顶] 如何修改Android应用程序能够使用