android 对话框（Dialog）使用

参考：

对话框：https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/dialogs.html

使用 AlertDialog 类进行对话框的基本功能创建：

AlertDialog：https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/AlertDialog.html

通过扩展 DialogFragment 可以自定义更多的功能：

DialogFragment：https://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/v4/app/DialogFragment.html

实现功能：

基本对话框（标题，图标，内容和选择按钮）；
setCanceledOnTouchOutside 和 setCancelable 的使用方法；
扩展 DialogFragment；
添加列表（传统单选列表，永久性单选列表（单选按钮），永久性多选列表（复选框））；
自定义布局
将事件传递回对话框的宿主（通过接口）；
onDismiss() 和 onCancel() 的使用方法

基本对话框（标题，图标，内容和选择按钮）

实现代码：

package com.example.dialogtest.one;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.Toast;import com.example.dialogtest.R;public class OneActivity extends AppCompatActivity {    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_one);        final Context context = this;        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);        builder.setTitle("zj")                .setIcon(android.R.drawable.sym_def_app_icon)                .setMessage("Hello World")                .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                        Toast.makeText(context, "positive", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                    }                })                .setNeutralButton("中性", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                        Toast.makeText(context, "netural", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                    }                })                .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                        Toast.makeText(context, "negative", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                    }                });        AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();        dialog.show();    }}

注1：这里设置了3个类型的按钮（肯定，中性，否定），每种类型按钮只能添加一个
注2：输入的 Context 为当前 activity，否则会出错

`setCanceledOnTouchOutside` 和 `setCancelable` 的使用方法

对话框出现之后，点击其他位置，对话框就会消失。有两种方法可以避免这种情况

参考：
Android4.0的Alertdialog对话框，设置点击其他位置不消失

第一个是设置函数 setCanceledOnTouchOutside 为 false

/** * Sets whether this dialog is canceled when touched outside the window's * bounds. If setting to true, the dialog is set to be cancelable if not * already set. *  * @param cancel Whether the dialog should be canceled when touched outside *            the window. */public void setCanceledOnTouchOutside(boolean cancel) {    if (cancel && !mCancelable) {        mCancelable = true;    }    mWindow.setCloseOnTouchOutside(cancel);}

实现代码：

...AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);dialog.show();

此时，点击屏幕其他位置，对话框将不会消失，但点击返回键仍可以取消对话框。如果想要取消返回键功能，可以设置函数 setCancelable 为 false

/** * Sets whether this dialog is cancelable with the * {@link KeyEvent#KEYCODE_BACK BACK} key. */public void setCancelable(boolean flag) {    mCancelable = flag;}

实现代码：

...AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();dialog.setCancelable(false);dialog.show();

扩展 `DialogFragment`

使用 DialogFragment 管理对话框可确保它能正确处理生命周期事件，如用户按“返回”按钮或旋转屏幕时。此外，DialogFragment 类还允许您将对话框的 UI 作为嵌入式组件在较大 UI 中重复使用，就像传统 Fragment 一样（例如，当您想让对话框 UI 在大屏幕和小屏幕上具有不同外观时）。

在 OnCreateDialog 回调方法中创建 AlertDialog

新建 CustomDialogFragment.java:

package com.example.dialogtest.two;import android.app.Dialog;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.widget.Toast;/** * Created by Lenovo on 2017/2/26. */public class CustomDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {    @NonNull    @Override    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {//        return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);        final Context context = getActivity();        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);        builder.setTitle("zj")                .setIcon(android.R.drawable.sym_def_app_icon)                .setMessage("Hello World")                .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                        Toast.makeText(context, "positive", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                    }                })                .setNeutralButton("中性", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                        Toast.makeText(context, "netural", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                    }                })                .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                        Toast.makeText(context, "negative", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                    }                });        return builder.create();    }}

然后就可以在 activity 中使用这个 fragment：

package com.example.dialogtest.two;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import com.example.dialogtest.R;public class TwoActivity extends AppCompatActivity {    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_two);        CustomDialogFragment dialogFragment = new CustomDialogFragment();        dialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "tag");    }}

函数 show 有两个参数，第一个传入 FragmentManager，第二个传入一个字符串作为标记

添加列表（传统单选列表，永久性单选列表（单选按钮），永久性多选列表（复选框））

设置传统单选列表

新建 ThreeDialogFragment.java:

package com.example.dialogtest.three;import android.app.Dialog;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.widget.Toast;/** * Created by Lenovo on 2017/2/26. */public class ThreeDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {    @NonNull    @Override    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {//        return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);        final Context context = getActivity();        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);        final String[] arr = getResources().getStringArray(android.R.array.phoneTypes);        builder.setItems(arr, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                Toast.makeText(context, arr[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        });        return builder.create();    }}

新建 ThreeActivity.java：

package com.example.dialogtest.three;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import com.example.dialogtest.R;public class ThreeActivity extends AppCompatActivity {    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_three);        ThreeDialogFragment dialogFragment = new ThreeDialogFragment();        dialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "tag");    }}

关键函数：builder.setItems

/** * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content, you will be notified of the * selected item via the supplied listener. This should be an array type i.e. R.array.foo * * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods */public Builder setItems(@ArrayRes int itemsId, final OnClickListener listener) {    P.mItems = P.mContext.getResources().getTextArray(itemsId);    P.mOnClickListener = listener;    return this;}/** * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content, you will be notified of the * selected item via the supplied listener. * * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods */public Builder setItems(CharSequence[] items, final OnClickListener listener) {    P.mItems = items;    P.mOnClickListener = listener;    return this;}

注1：设置的列表将在内容区域内出现，所以列表和消息不能同时出现

注2：也可以通过设置 adapter 来动态加载列表内容

设置永久性单选列表（单选按钮）

关键代码：

int id = -1;@NonNull@Overridepublic Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {//        return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);    final Context context = getActivity();    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);    final String[] arr = getResources().getStringArray(android.R.array.phoneTypes);    builder.setTitle(R.string.app_name)        .setSingleChoiceItems(arr, id, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                Toast.makeText(context, arr[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                id = which;            }        })        .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                Toast.makeText(context, arr[id], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        })        .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                Toast.makeText(context, arr[id], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        });    return builder.create();}

关键函数：builder.setSingleChoiceItems

   /**     * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content, you will be notified of     * the selected item via the supplied listener. This should be an array type i.e.     * R.array.foo The list will have a check mark displayed to the right of the text for the     * checked item. Clicking on an item in the list will not dismiss the dialog. Clicking on a     * button will dismiss the dialog.     *     * @param itemsId the resource id of an array i.e. R.array.foo     * @param checkedItem specifies which item is checked. If -1 no items are checked.     * @param listener notified when an item on the list is clicked. The dialog will not be     *        dismissed when an item is clicked. It will only be dismissed if clicked on a     *        button, if no buttons are supplied it's up to the user to dismiss the dialog.     *     * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods     */    public Builder setSingleChoiceItems(@ArrayRes int itemsId, int checkedItem,            final OnClickListener listener) {        P.mItems = P.mContext.getResources().getTextArray(itemsId);        P.mOnClickListener = listener;        P.mCheckedItem = checkedItem;        P.mIsSingleChoice = true;        return this;    }    /**     * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content, you will be notified of     * the selected item via the supplied listener. The list will have a check mark displayed to     * the right of the text for the checked item. Clicking on an item in the list will not     * dismiss the dialog. Clicking on a button will dismiss the dialog.     *     * @param cursor the cursor to retrieve the items from.     * @param checkedItem specifies which item is checked. If -1 no items are checked.     * @param labelColumn The column name on the cursor containing the string to display in the     *        label.     * @param listener notified when an item on the list is clicked. The dialog will not be     *        dismissed when an item is clicked. It will only be dismissed if clicked on a     *        button, if no buttons are supplied it's up to the user to dismiss the dialog.     *     * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods     */    public Builder setSingleChoiceItems(Cursor cursor, int checkedItem, String labelColumn,            final OnClickListener listener) {        P.mCursor = cursor;        P.mOnClickListener = listener;        P.mCheckedItem = checkedItem;        P.mLabelColumn = labelColumn;        P.mIsSingleChoice = true;        return this;    }

有3个参数，第一个输入数组；
第二个输入预先指定的选项，若值为 -1 则没有指定选项；
第三个为监听接口。

设置永久性多选列表（复选框）

关键代码：

package com.example.dialogtest.five;import android.app.Dialog;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.widget.Toast;import com.example.dialogtest.R;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;/** * Created by Lenovo on 2017/2/26. */public class FiveDialog extends DialogFragment {    List list;    String[] arr;    @NonNull    @Override    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {//        return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);        list = new ArrayList<>();        arr = getResources().getStringArray(android.R.array.phoneTypes);        final Context context = getActivity();        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);        builder.setTitle(R.string.app_name)                .setMultiChoiceItems(arr, null, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {                        if (isChecked) {                            // If the user checked the item, add it to the selected items                            list.add(arr[which]);                            Toast.makeText(context, "you choose " + arr[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                        } else if (list.contains(arr[which])) {                            // Else, if the item is already in the array, remove it                            list.remove(arr[which]);                            Toast.makeText(context, "you dischoose " + arr[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                        }                    }                })                .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {                        // User clicked OK, so save the mSelectedItems results somewhere                        // or return them to the component that opened the dialog                        Toast.makeText(context, list.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                    }                })                .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {                        Toast.makeText(context, list.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                    }                });        return builder.create();    }}

关键函数： builder.setMultiChoiceItems

    /**     * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content,     * you will be notified of the selected item via the supplied listener.     * This should be an array type, e.g. R.array.foo. The list will have     * a check mark displayed to the right of the text for each checked     * item. Clicking on an item in the list will not dismiss the dialog.     * Clicking on a button will dismiss the dialog.     *     * @param itemsId the resource id of an array i.e. R.array.foo     * @param checkedItems specifies which items are checked. It should be null in which case no     *        items are checked. If non null it must be exactly the same length as the array of     *        items.     * @param listener notified when an item on the list is clicked. The dialog will not be     *        dismissed when an item is clicked. It will only be dismissed if clicked on a     *        button, if no buttons are supplied it's up to the user to dismiss the dialog.     *     * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods     */    public Builder setMultiChoiceItems(@ArrayRes int itemsId, boolean[] checkedItems,            final OnMultiChoiceClickListener listener) {        P.mItems = P.mContext.getResources().getTextArray(itemsId);        P.mOnCheckboxClickListener = listener;        P.mCheckedItems = checkedItems;        P.mIsMultiChoice = true;        return this;    }    /**     * Set a list of items to be displayed in the dialog as the content,     * you will be notified of the selected item via the supplied listener.     * The list will have a check mark displayed to the right of the text     * for each checked item. Clicking on an item in the list will not     * dismiss the dialog. Clicking on a button will dismiss the dialog.     *     * @param items the text of the items to be displayed in the list.     * @param checkedItems specifies which items are checked. It should be null in which case no     *        items are checked. If non null it must be exactly the same length as the array of     *        items.     * @param listener notified when an item on the list is clicked. The dialog will not be     *        dismissed when an item is clicked. It will only be dismissed if clicked on a     *        button, if no buttons are supplied it's up to the user to dismiss the dialog.     *     * @return This Builder object to allow for chaining of calls to set methods     */    public Builder setMultiChoiceItems(CharSequence[] items, boolean[] checkedItems,            final OnMultiChoiceClickListener listener) {        P.mItems = items;        P.mOnCheckboxClickListener = listener;        P.mCheckedItems = checkedItems;        P.mIsMultiChoice = true;        return this;    }

该函数有3个参数：第一个表示输入的内容数组；
第二个表示预先选定的选项，是一个 boolean 数组，其长度必须和内容数组一致;
第三个表示监听的接口

自定义布局

对话框的内容区域可以设置为自定义布局

如果您想让对话框具有自定义布局，请创建一个布局，然后通过调用 AlertDialog.Builder 对象上的 setView() 将其添加到 AlertDialog。

默认情况下，自定义布局会填充对话框窗口，但您仍然可以使用 AlertDialog.Builder 方法来添加按钮和标题。

要扩展 DialogFragment 中的布局，请通过 getLayoutInflater() 获取一个 LayoutInflater 并调用 inflate()，其中第一个参数是布局资源 ID，第二个参数是布局的父视图。然后，您可以调用 setView() 将布局放入对话框。

实现代码：

package com.zj.dialogtest.view;import android.app.AlertDialog;import android.app.Dialog;import android.app.DialogFragment;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.Toast;import com.zj.dialogtest.R;/** * Created by zj on 17-2-27. */public class ViewDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {    private View view;    private EditText editText;    private EditText editText2;    @Override    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {//        return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);        LayoutInflater inflater = getActivity().getLayoutInflater();        final Context context = getActivity();        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);        view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog_signin, null);        editText = (EditText)view.findViewById(R.id.username);        editText2 = (EditText)view.findViewById(R.id.password);        builder.setView(view)            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                @Override                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {                    Toast.makeText(context, editText.getText()+" "+editText2.getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                }            })            .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                @Override                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {                    Toast.makeText(context, editText.getText()+" "+editText2.getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                }            });        return builder.create();    }}

将事件传递回对话框的宿主（通过接口）

通过定义接口，将对话框的操作信息返回给打开对话框的 activity：

新建 InterDialogFragment.java：

package com.zj.dialogtest.inter;import android.app.Activity;import android.app.AlertDialog;import android.app.Dialog;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import com.zj.dialogtest.R;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.StringTokenizer;/** * Created by zj on 17-2-27. */public class InterDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {    private List list;    String[] arr;    /* The activity that creates an instance of this dialog fragment must     * implement this interface in order to receive event callbacks.     * Each method passes the DialogFragment in case the host needs to query it. */    public interface NoticeDialogListener {    public void onDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragment dialog, List list);    public void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialog, List list);    }    // Use this instance of the interface to deliver action events    NoticeDialogListener mListener;    // Override the Fragment.onAttach() method to instantiate the NoticeDialogListener    @Override    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {    super.onAttach(activity);    // Verify that the host activity implements the callback interface    try {        // Instantiate the NoticeDialogListener so we can send events to the host        mListener = (NoticeDialogListener) activity;    } catch (ClassCastException e) {        // The activity doesn't implement the interface, throw exception        throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()                + " must implement NoticeDialogListener");    }    }    @Override    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {//        return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);    list = new ArrayList<>();    arr = getResources().getStringArray(android.R.array.phoneTypes);    Context context = getActivity();    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);    builder.setTitle(R.string.app_name)            .setMultiChoiceItems(arr, null, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {                @Override                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i, boolean b) {                    if (b) {                        list.add(arr[i]);                    } else {                        if (list.contains(arr[i])) {                            list.remove(arr[i]);                        }                    }                }            })            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                @Override                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {                    mListener.onDialogPositiveClick(InterDialogFragment.this, list);                }            })            .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                @Override                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {                    List temp = new ArrayList();                    for (String str : arr) {                        if (!list.contains(str)) {                            temp.add(str);                        }                    }                    mListener.onDialogNegativeClick(InterDialogFragment.this, temp);                }            });    return builder.create();    }}

新建 InterActivity.java：

package com.zj.dialogtest.inter;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.Toast;import com.zj.dialogtest.R;import java.util.List;public class InterActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements InterDialogFragment.NoticeDialogListener {    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    setContentView(R.layout.activity_inter);    InterDialogFragment dialogFragment = new InterDialogFragment();    dialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "tag");    }    @Override    public void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialog, List list) {    Toast.makeText(this, "you dont't click "+list.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    }    @Override    public void onDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragment dialog, List list) {    Toast.makeText(this, "you click "+list.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    }}

`onDismiss()` 和 `onCancel()` 的使用方法

通常情况下，当你点击对话框外屏幕，或者点击返回键，或者点击对话框按钮时，对话框将会自动消失。

如果你使用 DialogFragment 来定义对话框，那么对话框在消失之前会调用 onDismiss() 或者 onCancel()，有两种情况：

点击对话框外屏幕，或者返回键，将会先调用 onCancel() ，再调用 onDismiss()；
点击对话框按钮，将会调用方法 onDismiss()。

也可以显式调用 DialogFragment 的 dismiss() 方法；或者 Dialog 的 cancel() 方法。

示例代码：

package com.zj.dialogtest.Exit;import android.app.AlertDialog;import android.app.Dialog;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;import android.util.Log;import com.zj.dialogtest.R;/** * Created by zj on 17-2-27. */public class ExitDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {    private static final String TAG = ExitDialogFragment.class.getSimpleName();    @NonNull    @Override    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {//        return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());    builder.setTitle(R.string.app_name)            .setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)            .setMessage("Hello World")            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                @Override                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {                }            })            .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                @Override                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {                }            });    Dialog dialog =  builder.create();//        this.dismiss();//        dialog.cancel();    return dialog;    }    @Override    public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) {    super.onDismiss(dialog);    Log.e(TAG, "onDismiss: ");    }    @Override    public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) {    super.onCancel(dialog);    Log.e(TAG, "onCancel: ");    }}

android 对话框（Dialog）使用