一、MySQL 获得当前日期时间 函数

1.1 获得当前日期+时间（date + time）函数：now()

mysql> select now();+---------------------+| now() |+---------------------+| 2008-08-08 22:20:46 |+---------------------+

current_timestamp()
,current_timestamp
,localtime()
,localtime
,localtimestamp -- (v4.0.6)
,localtimestamp() -- (v4.0.6)

这些日期时间函数，都等同于 now()。鉴于 now() 函数简短易记，建议总是使用 now() 来替代上面列出的函数。

1.2 获得当前日期+时间（date + time）函数：sysdate()

sysdate() 日期时间函数跟 now() 类似，不同之处在于：now() 在执行开始时值就得到了， sysdate() 在函数执行时动态得到值。看下面的例子就明白了：

mysql> select now(), sleep(3), now();+---------------------+----------+---------------------+| now() | sleep(3) | now() |+---------------------+----------+---------------------+| 2008-08-08 22:28:21 | 0 | 2008-08-08 22:28:21 |+---------------------+----------+---------------------+mysql> select sysdate(), sleep(3), sysdate();+---------------------+----------+---------------------+| sysdate() | sleep(3) | sysdate() |+---------------------+----------+---------------------+| 2008-08-08 22:28:41 | 0 | 2008-08-08 22:28:44 |+---------------------+----------+---------------------+

sysdate() 日期时间函数，一般情况下很少用到。

2. 获得当前日期（date）函数：curdate()

mysql> select curdate();+------------+| curdate() |+------------+| 2008-08-08 |+------------+

current_date()
,current_date

3. 获得当前时间（time）函数：curtime()

mysql> select curtime();+-----------+| curtime() |+-----------+| 22:41:30 |+-----------+

current_time()
,current_time

4. 获得当前 UTC 日期时间函数：utc_date(), utc_time(), utc_timestamp()

mysql> select utc_timestamp(), utc_date(), utc_time(), now()+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+| utc_timestamp() | utc_date() | utc_time() | now() |+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+| 2008-08-08 14:47:11 | 2008-08-08 | 14:47:11 | 2008-08-08 22:47:11 |+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+

二、MySQL 日期时间 Extract（选取） 函数。

1. 选取日期时间的各个部分：日期、时间、年、季度、月、日、小时、分钟、秒、微秒

set @dt = '2008-09-10 07:15:30.123456';select date(@dt); -- 2008-09-10select time(@dt); -- 07:15:30.123456select year(@dt); -- 2008select quarter(@dt); -- 3select month(@dt); -- 9select week(@dt); -- 36select day(@dt); -- 10select hour(@dt); -- 7select minute(@dt); -- 15select second(@dt); -- 30select microsecond(@dt); -- 123456

set @dt = '2008-09-10 07:15:30.123456';select extract(year from @dt); -- 2008select extract(quarter from @dt); -- 3select extract(month from @dt); -- 9select extract(week from @dt); -- 36select extract(day from @dt); -- 10select extract(hour from @dt); -- 7select extract(minute from @dt); -- 15select extract(second from @dt); -- 30select extract(microsecond from @dt); -- 123456select extract(year_month from @dt); -- 200809select extract(day_hour from @dt); -- 1007select extract(day_minute from @dt); -- 100715select extract(day_second from @dt); -- 10071530select extract(day_microsecond from @dt); -- 10071530123456select extract(hour_minute from @dt); -- 715select extract(hour_second from @dt); -- 71530select extract(hour_microsecond from @dt); -- 71530123456select extract(minute_second from @dt); -- 1530select extract(minute_microsecond from @dt); -- 1530123456select extract(second_microsecond from @dt); -- 30123456

MySQL Extract() 函数唯一不好的地方在于：你需要多敲几次键盘。

3. MySQL dayof... 函数：dayofweek(), dayofmonth(), dayofyear()

分别返回日期参数，在一周、一月、一年中的位置。

set @dt = '2008-08-08';select dayofweek(@dt); -- 6select dayofmonth(@dt); -- 8select dayofyear(@dt); -- 221

4. MySQL week... 函数：week(), weekofyear(), dayofweek(), weekday(), yearweek()

set @dt = '2008-08-08';select week(@dt); -- 31select week(@dt,3); -- 32select weekofyear(@dt); -- 32select dayofweek(@dt); -- 6select weekday(@dt); -- 4select yearweek(@dt); -- 200831

MySQL weekday() 函数和 dayofweek() 类似，都是返回“某天”在一周中的位置。不同点在于参考的标准， weekday：(0 = Monday, 1 = Tuesday, ..., 6 = Sunday)； dayofweek：（1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday, ..., 7 = Saturday）
MySQL yearweek() 函数，返回 year(2008) + week 位置(31)。

5. MySQL 返回星期和月份名称函数：dayname(), monthname()

set @dt = '2008-08-08';select dayname(@dt); -- Fridayselect monthname(@dt); -- August

6. MySQL last_day() 函数：返回月份中的最后一天。

select last_day('2008-02-01'); -- 2008-02-29select last_day('2008-08-08'); -- 2008-08-31

mysql> select now(), day(last_day(now())) as days;+---------------------+------+| now() | days |+---------------------+------+| 2008-08-09 11:45:45 | 31 |+---------------------+------+

set @dt = now();select date_add(@dt, interval 1 day); -- add 1 dayselect date_add(@dt, interval 1 hour); -- add 1 hourselect date_add(@dt, interval 1 minute); -- ...select date_add(@dt, interval 1 second);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 microsecond);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 week);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 month);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 quarter);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 year);select date_add(@dt, interval -1 day); -- sub 1 day

mysql> set @dt = '2008-08-09 12:12:33';mysql>mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second);+------------------------------------------------+| date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second) |+------------------------------------------------+| 2008-08-09 13:28:03 |+------------------------------------------------+mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second);+-------------------------------------------------+| date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second) |+-------------------------------------------------+| 2008-08-10 13:28:03 |+-------------------------------------------------+

2. MySQL 为日期减去一个时间间隔：date_sub()

mysql> select date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second);+----------------------------------------------------------------+| date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second) |+----------------------------------------------------------------+| 1997-12-30 22:58:59 |+----------------------------------------------------------------+

3. MySQL 另类日期函数：period_add(P,N), period_diff(P1,P2)

函数参数“P” 的格式为“YYYYMM” 或者 “YYMM”，第二个参数“N” 表示增加或减去 N month（月）。

MySQL period_add(P,N)：日期加/减去N月。

mysql> select period_add(200808,2), period_add(20080808,-2)+----------------------+-------------------------+| period_add(200808,2) | period_add(20080808,-2) |+----------------------+-------------------------+| 200810 | 20080806 |+----------------------+-------------------------+

mysql> select period_diff(200808, 200801);+-----------------------------+| period_diff(200808, 200801) |+-----------------------------+| 7 |+-----------------------------+

4. MySQL 日期、时间相减函数：datediff(date1,date2), timediff(time1,time2)

MySQL datediff(date1,date2)：两个日期相减 date1 - date2，返回天数。

select datediff('2008-08-08', '2008-08-01'); -- 7select datediff('2008-08-01', '2008-08-08'); -- -7

select timediff('2008-08-08 08:08:08', '2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- 08:08:08select timediff('08:08:08', '00:00:00'); -- 08:08:08

四、MySQL 日期转换函数、时间转换函数

1. MySQL （时间、秒）转换函数：time_to_sec(time), sec_to_time(seconds)

select time_to_sec('01:00:05'); -- 3605select sec_to_time(3605); -- '01:00:05'

select to_days('0000-00-00'); -- 0select to_days('2008-08-08'); -- 733627select from_days(0); -- '0000-00-00'select from_days(733627); -- '2008-08-08'

select str_to_date('08/09/2008', '%m/%d/%Y'); -- 2008-08-09select str_to_date('08/09/08' , '%m/%d/%y'); -- 2008-08-09select str_to_date('08.09.2008', '%m.%d.%Y'); -- 2008-08-09select str_to_date('08:09:30', '%h:%i:%s'); -- 08:09:30select str_to_date('08.09.2008 08:09:30', '%m.%d.%Y %h:%i:%s'); -- 2008-08-09 08:09:30

4. MySQL Date/Time to Str（日期/时间转换为字符串）函数：date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format)

mysql> select date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y');+------------------------------------------------+| date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y') |+------------------------------------------------+| Friday August 2008 |+------------------------------------------------+mysql> select date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s');+----------------------------------------------------+| date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s') |+----------------------------------------------------+| 20080808222301 |+----------------------------------------------------+mysql> select time_format('22:23:01', '%H.%i.%s');+-------------------------------------+| time_format('22:23:01', '%H.%i.%s') |+-------------------------------------+| 22.23.01 |+-------------------------------------+

5. MySQL 获得国家地区时间格式函数：get_format()

MySQL get_format() 语法：

get_format(date|time|datetime, 'eur'|'usa'|'jis'|'iso'|'internal'

MySQL get_format() 用法的全部示例：

select get_format(date,'usa') ; -- '%m.%d.%Y'select get_format(date,'jis') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d'select get_format(date,'iso') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d'select get_format(date,'eur') ; -- '%d.%m.%Y'select get_format(date,'internal') ; -- '%Y%m%d'select get_format(datetime,'usa') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d %H.%i.%s'select get_format(datetime,'jis') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s'select get_format(datetime,'iso') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s'select get_format(datetime,'eur') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d %H.%i.%s'select get_format(datetime,'internal') ; -- '%Y%m%d%H%i%s'select get_format(time,'usa') ; -- '%h:%i:%s %p'select get_format(time,'jis') ; -- '%H:%i:%s'select get_format(time,'iso') ; -- '%H:%i:%s'select get_format(time,'eur') ; -- '%H.%i.%s'select get_format(time,'internal') ; -- '%H%i%s'

6. MySQL 拼凑日期、时间函数：makdedate(year,dayofyear), maketime(hour,minute,second)

select makedate(2001,31); -- '2001-01-31'select makedate(2001,32); -- '2001-02-01'select maketime(12,15,30); -- '12:15:30'

mysql> select current_timestamp, current_timestamp();+---------------------+---------------------+| current_timestamp | current_timestamp() |+---------------------+---------------------+| 2008-08-09 23:22:24 | 2008-08-09 23:22:24 |+---------------------+---------------------+

unix_timestamp(),unix_timestamp(date),from_unixtime(unix_timestamp),from_unixtime(unix_timestamp,format)

select unix_timestamp(); -- 1218290027select unix_timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 1218124800select unix_timestamp('2008-08-08 12:30:00'); -- 1218169800select from_unixtime(1218290027); -- '2008-08-09 21:53:47'select from_unixtime(1218124800); -- '2008-08-08 00:00:00'select from_unixtime(1218169800); -- '2008-08-08 12:30:00'select from_unixtime(1218169800, '%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x'); -- '2008 8th August 12:30:00 2008'

timestamp(date) -- date to timestamptimestamp(dt,time) -- dt + timetimestampadd(unit,interval,datetime_expr) --timestampdiff(unit,datetime_expr1,datetime_expr2) --

select timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 2008-08-08 00:00:00select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-08 09:01:01select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '10 01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-18 09:01:01select timestampadd(day, 1, '2008-08-08 08:00:00'); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00select date_add('2008-08-08 08:00:00', interval 1 day); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00

select timestampdiff(year,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -1select timestampdiff(day ,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -485select timestampdiff(hour,'2008-08-08 12:00:00','2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- -12select datediff('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '2008-08-01 00:00:00'); -- 7

六、MySQL 时区（timezone）转换函数

convert_tz(dt,from_tz,to_tz)select convert_tz('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '+08:00', '+00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00

select date_add('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval -8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00select date_sub('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval 8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00select timestampadd(hour, -8, '2008-08-08 12:00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00

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