linux 安装 mysql 8.0.19 详细步骤及问题解决方法

最近买了个腾讯云服务器，搭建环境。

该笔记用于系统上未装过mysql的干净系统第一次安装mysql。自己指定安装目录，指定数据文件目录。

linux系统版本： CentOS 7.3 64位

安装源文件版本：mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

mysql安装位置：/software/mysql

数据库文件数据位置：/data/mysql

注：未防止混淆，这里都用绝对路径执行命令

除了文件内容中的#,这里所有带#都是linux命令

　　>mysql 是mysql的命令

步骤：

1、在根目录下创建文件夹software和数据库数据文件/data/mysql

#mkdir /software/#mkdir /data/mysql

--------------------

这里我下载的带了router和test的mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar文件，所以多一部解压xz

--------------------#cd /software/#xz -d mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz#tar -xvf mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

#mv /software/mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /software/mysql

#groupadd mysql#useradd -r -g mysql mysql

#chown -R mysql:mysql /software/mysql/#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/#chown -R mysql /software/mysql/#chown -R mysql /data/mysql

#chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/

7、安装libaio依赖包，系统自带的有这个依赖包所以不需要安装，不过自带的依赖包会报错

查询是否暗转libaio依赖包

#yum search libaio

如果没安装，可以用下面命令安装

#yum install libaio

8、初始化mysql命令

#cd /software/mysql/bin#./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize

[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: o*s#gqh)F4Ck

root@localhost: 后面跟的是mysql数据库登录的临时密码，各人安装生成的临时密码不一样

如果初始化时报错如下：

error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared objec

是因为libnuma安装的是32位，我们这里需要64位的，执行下面语句就可以解决

#yum install numactl.x86_64

执行完后重新初始化mysql命令

9、启动mysql服务

# sh /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

上面启动mysql服务命令是会报错的，因为没有修改mysql的配置文件，报错内容大致如下：

./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
./support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

10、修改Mysql配置文件

#vim /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

修改前

if test -z "$basedir"thenbasedir=/usr/local/mysqlbindir=/usr/local/mysql/binif test -z "$datadir"thendatadir=/usr/local/mysql/datafisbindir=/usr/local/mysql/binlibexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/binelsebindir="$basedir/bin"if test -z "$datadir"thendatadir="$basedir/data"fisbindir="$basedir/sbin"libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"fi

if test -z "$basedir"thenbasedir=/software/mysqlbindir=/software/mysql/binif test -z "$datadir"thendatadir=/data/mysqlfisbindir=/software/mysql/binlibexecdir=/software/mysql/binelsebindir="$basedir/bin"if test -z "$datadir"thendatadir="$basedir/data"fisbindir="$basedir/sbin"libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"fi

#cp /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

#vi /etc/my.cnf

将下面内容复制替换当前的my.cnf文件中的内容

[client]no-beepsocket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock# pipe# socket=0.0port=3306[mysql]#原文的utf8指向UTF8MB3，后续版本要改为UTF8MB4，一步到位吧default-character-set=UTF8MB4[mysqld]basedir=/software/mysqldatadir=/data/mysqlport=3306pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid#skip-grant-tablesskip-name-resolvesocket = /software/mysql/mysql.sockcharacter-set-server=utf8default-storage-engine=INNODBexplicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true# Server Id.server-id=1max_connections=2000#query_cache_size在8.0版本已经移除，故注释#query_cache_size=0table_open_cache=2000tmp_table_size=246Mthread_cache_size=300#限定用于每个数据库线程的栈大小。默认设置足以满足大多数应用thread_stack = 192kkey_buffer_size=512Mread_buffer_size=4Mread_rnd_buffer_size=32Minnodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysqlinnodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0innodb_log_buffer_size=16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size=256Minnodb_log_file_size=128Minnodb_thread_concurrency=128innodb_autoextend_increment=1000innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000innodb_old_blocks_time=1000innodb_open_files=300innodb_stats_on_metadata=0innodb_file_per_table=1innodb_checksum_algorithm=0back_log=80flush_time=0join_buffer_size=128Mmax_allowed_packet=1024Mmax_connect_errors=2000open_files_limit=4161#query_cache_type在8.0版本已经移除，故注释#query_cache_type=0sort_buffer_size=32Mtable_definition_cache=1400binlog_row_event_max_size=8Ksync_master_info=10000sync_relay_log=10000sync_relay_log_info=10000#批量插入数据缓存大小，可以有效提高插入效率，默认为8Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Minteractive_timeout = 120wait_timeout = 120log-bin-trust-function-creators=1sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES## include all files from the config directory#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

12、启动mysql

#/etc/init.d/mysqld start

新版本的安装包会报错，错误内容如下：

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/SZY.err'.
2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).

因为新版本的mysql安全启动安装包只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径。

解决办法：

方法1、建立软连接

例

#cd /usr/local/mysql#ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd mysqld

# vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

将所有的/usr/local/mysql改为/software/mysql

保存退出。（可以将这个文件拷出来再修改然后替换）

13、登录mysql

这里我登陆不了，被denny了，类似这样的错误：

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)。

参考https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1188636

改为这个操作：

1.停止mysql数据库

/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

（或者直接 kill -9 [PID] 杀进程！）

2.执行如下命令

mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &

3.使用root登录mysql数据库

mysql -u root mysql

4.更新root密码

最新版MySQL请采用如下SQL：

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'newpassword';

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

6.退出mysql

mysql> quit

7.重启mysql

/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

8.使用root用户重新登录mysql

mysql -uroot -p Enter password: <输入新设的密码newpassword>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p

15、修改mysql的登录密码

>mysql set password=password('root');>mysql grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root';>mysql flush privileges;

总结

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