MySQL如何使用使用Xtrabackup进行备份和恢复
16lz
2021-12-10
1 备份
进行备份前需要先创建备份用户，直接使用 root 用户进行备份也行，但是这样不太规范。
create user backup@'localhost' identified by '123456'; grant reload,process,lock tables,replication client on *.* to backup@localhost;
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=backup --password=123456 /backup/
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=backup --password=123456 --incremental --incremental-basedir=/backup/2021-06-01_14-44-54 /backup/
innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/2021-06-01_14-44-54/
innobackupex --copy-back --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data /backup/2021-06-01_14-44-54/
chown -R mysql:mysql data/
3 目录结构
4 备份脚本
4.1 脚本
backup.sh
#!/bin/bash # 获得程序路径名 program_dir=`dirname $0`/.. # 读取配置文件中的所有变量值, 设置为全局变量 # 配置文件 conf_file="$program_dir/conf/backup.conf" # mysql 用户 user=`sed '/^user=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # mysql 密码 password=`sed '/^password=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # mysql 备份目录 backup_dir=`sed '/^backup_dir=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # mysql 备份压缩打包目录 gzip_dir=`sed '/^gzip_dir=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # percona-xtrabackup命令xtrabackup路径 xtrabackup_bin=`sed '/^xtrabackup_bin=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # mysql 全备前缀标识 full_backup_prefix=`sed '/^full_backup_prefix=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # mysql 增量备前缀标识 increment_prefix=`sed '/^increment_prefix=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # 备份错误日志文件 error_log=$program_dir/var/`sed '/^error_log=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # 备份索引文件 index_file=$program_dir/var/`sed '/^index_file=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # 备份日期 backup_date=`date +%F` # 备份时间 backup_time=`date +%H-%M-%S` # 备份时的周几 backup_week_day=`date +%u` # 创建相关目录 log_dir=$program_dir/log/backup var_dir=$program_dir/var mkdir -p $backup_dir mkdir -p $log_dir mkdir -p $var_dir mkdir -p $gzip_dir # 全量备份 function full_backup() { backup_folder=${full_backup_prefix}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day} mkdir -p $backup_dir/$backup_folder $xtrabackup_bin \ --user=$user \ --password=$password \ --backup \ --target-dir=$backup_dir/$backup_folder > $log_dir/${backup_folder}.log 2>&1 return $? } # 增量备份 function increment_backup() { backup_folder=${increment_prefix}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day} incr_base_folder=`sed -n '$p' $index_file | \ awk -F '[, {}]*' '{print $3}' | \ awk -F ':' '{print $2}'` mkdir -p $backup_dir/$backup_folder $xtrabackup_bin \ --user=$user \ --password=$password \ --backup \ --target-dir=$backup_dir/$backup_folder \ --incremental-basedir=$backup_dir/$incr_base_folder > $log_dir/${backup_folder}.log 2>&1 return $? } # 删除之前的备份(一般在全备完成后使用) function delete_before_backup() { cat $index_file | awk -F '[, {}]*' '{print $3}' | \ awk -v backup_dir=$backup_dir -F ':' '{if($2!=""){printf("rm -rf %s/%s\n", backup_dir, $2)}}' | \ /bin/bash cat $index_file | awk -F '[, {}]*' '{print $3}' | \ awk -v gzip_dir=$gzip_dir -F ':' '{if($2!=""){printf("rm -rf %s/%s\n", gzip_dir, $2)}}' | \ /bin/bash cat $index_file | awk -F '[, {}]*' '{print $3}' | \ awk -v log_dir=$log_dir -F ':' '{if($2!=""){printf("rm -rf %s/%s.log\n", log_dir, $2)}}' | \ /bin/bash } # 备份索引文件 function backup_index_file() { cp $index_file ${index_file}_$(date -d "1 day ago" +%F) } # 备份索引文件 function send_index_file_to_remote() { # ./expect_scp ip地址 账号 密码 ${index_file} 目标服务器存放的文件夹 端口号 echo 'send index file ok' } # 添加索引, 索引记录了当前最新的备份 function append_index_to_file() { echo "{week_day:$backup_week_day, \ dir:${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}, \ type:${1}, \ date:${backup_date}}" >> $index_file } # 记录错误消息到文件 function logging_backup_err() { echo "{week_day:$backup_week_day, \ dir:${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}, \ type:${1}, \ date:${backup_date}}" >> $error_log } # 清空索引 function purge_index_from_file() { > $index_file } # 清空错误日志信息 function purge_err_log() { > $error_log } # 打包备份 function tar_backup_file() { cd $backup_dir tar -jcf ${gzip_dir}/${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}.tar.bz2 \ ${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day} cd - > /dev/null rm -rf ${backup_dir}/${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day} } # 发送备份到远程 function send_backup_to_remote() { # ./expect_scp ip地址 账号 密码 ${gzip_dir}/${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}.tar.bz2 目标服务器存放的文件夹 端口号 echo "send $1 remote ok" } # 判断是应该全备还是增量备份 # 0:full, 1:incr function get_backup_type() { backup_type=0 if [ 1 -eq `date +%H` ]; then backup_type=0 else backup_type=1 fi touch $index_file if [ ! -n "`cat $index_file`" ]; then backup_type=0 fi return $backup_type } # 测试配置文件正确性 function test_conf_file() { # 判断每个变量是否在配置文件中有配置，没有则退出程序 if [ ! -n "$user" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file user not set'; exit 2; fi if [ ! -n "$password" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file password not set'; exit 2; fi if [ ! -n "$backup_dir" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file backup_dir not set'; exit 2; fi if [ ! -n "$gzip_dir" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file backup_dir not set'; exit 2; fi if [ ! -n "$full_backup_prefix" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file full_backup_prefix not set'; exit 2; fi if [ ! -n "$increment_prefix" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file increment_prefix not set'; exit 2; fi if [ ! -n "$error_log" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file error_log not set'; exit 2; fi if [ ! -n "$index_file" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file index_file not set'; exit 2; fi } # 执行 function main() { # 检测配置文件值 test_conf_file # 判断是执行全备还是增量备份 get_backup_type backup_type=$? case $backup_type in 0 ) # 全量备份 full_backup backup_ok=$? if [ 0 -eq "$backup_ok" ]; then # 全备成功 # 打包最新备份 tar_backup_file $full_backup_prefix # # 将tar备份发送到远程 send_backup_to_remote $full_backup_prefix # 备份索引文件 backup_index_file # 清除之前的备份 delete_before_backup # 清除索引文件 purge_index_from_file # 添加索引, 索引记录了当前最新的备份 append_index_to_file $full_backup_prefix # 发送索引文件到远程 send_index_file_to_remote else # 全备失败 # 删除备份目录 rm -rf ${backup_dir}/${full_backup_prefix}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day} # 记录错误日志 logging_backup_err $full_backup_prefix fi ;; 1 ) # 增量备份 increment_backup backup_ok=$? if [ "$backup_ok" -eq 0 ]; then # 增量备份成功 # 打包最新备份 tar_backup_file $increment_prefix # # 将tar备份发送到远程 send_backup_to_remote $increment_prefix # 添加索引, 索引记录了当前最新的备份 append_index_to_file $increment_prefix # # 发送索引文件到远程 send_index_file_to_remote else # 增量备份失败 # 删除备份目录 rm -rf ${backup_dir}/${increment_prefix}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day} # 记录错误日志 logging_backup_err $increment_prefix fi ;; esac } main # mysql 用户名 user=backup # mysql 密码 password=123456 # 备份路径 backup_dir=/data/backup # 备份压缩打包目录 gzip_dir=/data/backups/backups_zip # innobackupex 命令路径 xtrabackup_bin=/opt/xtrabackup/bin/xtrabackup # 全量备信息名称 前缀 full_backup_prefix=full # 增量备信息名称 前缀 increment_prefix=incr # 错误日志文件(根据此文件知道备份是否成功) # format: # {week_day:1,dir:full/incr_2015-12-29_00-00-00_7,type:full/incr,date:2015-12-30} error_log=mysql_increment_hot_backup.err # 索引文件 # format: # {week_day:1,dir:full/incr_2015-12-29_00-00-00_7,type:full/incr,date:2015-12-30} index_file=mysql_increment_hot_backup.index #!/bin/bash # 获得程序路径名 program_dir=`dirname $0`/.. # 读取配置文件中的所有变量值, 设置为全局变量 # 配置文件 conf_file="$program_dir/conf/restore.conf" # MySQL 数据文件夹 data_dir=`sed '/^data_dir=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # 备份索引文件路径 backup_index_file=`sed '/^backup_index_file=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # percona-xtrabackup命令xtrabackup路径 xtrabackup_bin=`sed '/^xtrabackup_bin=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # 备份文件目录 backup_restore_dir=`sed '/^backup_restore_dir=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file` # 检查配置文件正确性 function exam_conf_file() { # 判断每个变量是否在配置文件中有配置，没有则退出程序 if [ ! -n "$data_dir" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file data_dir not set'; exit 2; fi if [ ! -n "$backup_index_file" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file backup_index_file not set'; exit 2; fi if [ ! -n "$xtrabackup_bin" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file xtrabackup_bin not set'; exit 2; fi if [ ! -n "$backup_restore_dir" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file backup_restore_dir not set'; exit 2; fi } # 检查备份文件是否是压缩格式 function exam_backup_restore_file(){ file_backup_restore_name_arr=`ls $backup_restore_dir` for file_name in $file_backup_restore_name_arr;do if [ "${file_name##*.}"x = "bz2"x ];then tar -jxf $backup_restore_dir/$file_name -C $backup_restore_dir rm -rf $backup_restore_dir/$file_name fi done } # 检查 MySQL 是否停止 function exam_mysql_is_stop(){ if [ 0 -eq `ps -ef | grep mysql | grep -v grep | wc -l` ]; then echo "MySQL 服务已停止" else /etc/init.d/mysqld stop echo "正在停止 MySQL 服务" sleep 3 echo "已停止 MySQL 服务" fi } # 检查 MySQL data 文件是否删除 function exam_data_is_del(){ if [ -d $data_dir ];then echo "正在删除 MySQL 的data文件" rm -rf $data_dir else echo "MySQL 的数据文件已删除 " fi } # 读取备份索引文件 function read_backup_index() { cat $backup_index_file | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F: '{print $2}' | awk '{sub(/.$/,"")}1' } # 准备全备文件 function ready_full(){ full_file_name=`echo ${1} | awk '{print $1}'` $xtrabackup_bin/innobackupex \ --apply-log \ --redo-only \ $backup_restore_dir/$full_file_name echo "全备文件已准备好" } # 准备增备文件 function ready_incr(){ backup_index=$(read_backup_index) full_file_name=`echo $backup_index | awk '{print $1}'` for file_name in $backup_index;do if [ 1 -eq `echo "$file_name" | grep incr | wc -l` ]; then $xtrabackup_bin/innobackupex \ --apply-log \ --redo-only \ $backup_restore_dir/$full_file_name \ --incremental-dir=$backup_restore_dir/$file_name fi done echo "增备文件已准备好" } # 执行备份恢复 function exec_backup_restore(){ echo "开始进行备份恢复" full_file_name=`echo ${1} | awk '{print $1}' ` $xtrabackup_bin/innobackupex \ --copy-back \ --datadir=$data_dir \ $backup_restore_dir/$full_file_name } # 执行 function main() { # 检查配置文件正确性 exam_conf_file # 检查备份文件是否是压缩格式 exam_backup_restore_file # 检查 MySQL 是否停止 exam_mysql_is_stop # 检查 MySQL data 文件是否删除 exam_data_is_del # 读取索引文件 backup_index=$(read_backup_index) # 准备全备文件 ready_full $backup_index # 准备增备文件 ready_incr # 执行备份恢复 exec_backup_restore $backup_index # 对数据文件进行赋权 echo "重新对数据目录赋权" chown -R mysql:mysql $data_dir echo "正在启动MySQL" /etc/init.d/mysqld start echo "备份恢复成功" } main# MySQL 数据文件夹 data_dir=/opt/mysql/data #备份索引文件路径 backup_index_file=/opt/xtrabackup/backup/var/mysql_increment_hot_backup.index #xtrabackup bin 的目录 xtrabackup_bin=/opt/xtrabackup/bin # 备份文件目录 backup_restore_dir=/data/backups/backups_zip
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