镜像下载、域名解析、时间同步请点击 阿里云开源镜像站

一. 环境准备

1.1 配置yum阿里源

  1. yum -y install wget
  2. mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
  3. wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
  4. yum clean all
  5. yum makecache

1.2 关闭防火墙

  1. # 查看防火墙状态
  2. firewall-cmd --state
  3. # 临时停止防火墙
  4. systemctl stop firewalld.service
  5. # 禁止防火墙开机启动
  6. systemctl disable firewalld.service

1.3 关闭selinux

  1. # 查看selinux状态
  2. getenforce
  3. # 临时关闭selinux
  4. setenforce 0
  5. # 永久关闭selinux
  6. sed -i 's/^ *SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

1.4 关闭swap

  1. # 临时关闭swap
  2. swapoff -a
  3. # 永久关闭swap
  4. sed -i.bak '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab
  5. # 查看
  6. free -g

1.5 调整内核参数及模块

加载所需内核模块

  1. cat <<EOF> /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
  2. br_netfilter
  3. EOF
  5. cat <<EOF> /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
  6. overlay
  7. br_netfilter
  8. EOF
  10. modprobe overlay
  11. modprobe br_netfilter

设置必需的 sysctl 参数，允许iptables检查桥接流量，这些参数在重新启动后仍然存在

  1. cat <<EOF> /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
  2. net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
  3. net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
  4. net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
  5. EOF
  7. # 应用 sysctl 参数而无需重新启动
  8. sudo sysctl --system

1.6 开启ipvs

不开启ipvs将会使用iptables进行数据包转发，但是效率低，所以推荐开通ipvs，使用

  1. cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
  2. #!/bin/bash
  3. modprobe -- ip_vs
  4. modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
  5. modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
  6. modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
  7. modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
  8. EOF
  10. # 加载模块
  11. chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
  13. # 安装了ipset软件包
  14. yum install ipset -y
  16. # 安装管理工具ipvsadm
  17. yum install ipvsadm -y

1.7 同步服务器时间

  1. yum install chrony -y
  2. systemctl enable chronyd
  3. systemctl start chronyd
  5. [root@master ~]# chronyc sources
  6. 210 Number of sources = 4
  7. MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample               
  8. ===============================================================================
  9. ^- ntp.wdc1.us.leaseweb.net      2   9   201   329  -8125us[-8125us] +/-  264ms
  10. ^- ntp5.flashdance.cx            2   9   373   189    -43ms[  -43ms] +/-  223ms
  11. ^+ time.cloudflare.com           3   8   377   197    +38ms[  +38ms] +/-  121ms
  12. ^* 119.28.183.184                2   8   155   30m  -8460us[  -13ms] +/-   67ms
  14. [root@master ~]# date
  15. 2022年 03月 26日 星期六 15:11:32 CST

1.8 安装containerd

  1. yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
  3. yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
  5. # 查看最新版本
  6. yum list containerd --showduplicates | sort -r
  8. yum install containerd -y
  9. # 安装了`containerd.io-1.5.11-3.1.el7.x86_64`
  11. containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
  12. systemctl start containerd
  13. systemctl enable containerd

配置

  1. # 修改cgroups为systemd
  2. sed -i 's#SystemdCgroup = false#SystemdCgroup = true#' /etc/containerd/config.toml
  4. # 修改基础设施镜像
  5. sed -i 's#sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.5"#sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"#' /etc/containerd/config.toml
  7. systemctl daemon-reload
  8. systemctl restart containerd

安装 CRI 客户端 crictl
选择版本 https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/

  1. wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.23.0/crictl-v1.23.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
  2. tar zxvf crictl-v1.23.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin
  4. cat <<EOF> /etc/crictl.yaml 
  5. runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
  6. image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
  7. timeout: 10
  8. debug: false
  9. EOF
  11. # 验证是否可用
  12. crictl pull nginx:alpine
  13. crictl images
  14. crictl rmi nginx:alpine

1.9 修改hostname和hosts

修改hostname

  1. # master节点
  2. hostnamectl set-hostname master
  3. # node1节点
  4. hostnamectl set-hostname node1
  5. # node2节点
  6. hostnamectl set-hostname node2

添加hosts

  1. cat <<EOF> /etc/hosts 
  2. 192.168.4.27   master
  3. 192.168.4.28   node1 
  4. 192.168.4.29   node2
  5. EOF

二. 安装k8s

2.1 安装 kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

添加kubernetes源

  1. cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
  2. [kubernetes]
  3. name=Kubernetes
  4. baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
  5. enabled=1
  6. gpgcheck=0
  7. repo_gpgcheck=0
  8. gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
  9.         http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
  10. EOF

然后安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

  1. # 查看版本，最新版 1.23.5-0
  2. yum list kubeadm --showduplicates | sort -r
  4. yum install -y kubelet-1.23.5-0 kubectl-1.23.5-0 kubeadm-1.23.5-0
  6. [root@master ~]# kubeadm version
  7. kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"23", GitVersion:"v1.23.5", GitCommit:"c285e781331a3785a7f436042c65c5641ce8a9e9", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-03-16T15:57:37Z", GoVersion:"go1.17.8", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

修改kubelet配置

  1. cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
  2. KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS="--container-runtime=remote --runtime-request-timeout=15m --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock"
  3. EOF

启动kubelet服务，并设置开机自启

  1. systemctl start kubelet
  2. systemctl enable kubelet

2.2 初始化k8s集群

2.2.1 master节点（二选一）

1. 通过配置文件初始化：

  1. kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
  3. 修改为
  4. cat <<EOF> kubeadm.yaml 
  5. apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
  6. bootstrapTokens:
  7. - groups:
  8.   - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  9.   token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  10.   ttl: 24h0m0s
  11.   usages:
  12.   - signing
  13.   - authentication
  14. kind: InitConfiguration
  15. localAPIEndpoint:
  16.   advertiseAddress: 192.168.4.27 # apiserver 节点内网IP
  17.   bindPort: 6443
  18. nodeRegistration:
  19.   criSocket: /run/containerd/containerd.sock  # 修改为containerd
  20.   imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  21.   name: master
  22.   taints:
  23.   - effect: NoSchedule
  24.     key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
  25. ---
  26. apiServer:
  27.   timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
  28. apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
  29. certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
  30. clusterName: kubernetes
  31. controllerManager: {}
  32. dns:
  33.   type: CoreDNS # dns类型 type: CoreDNS
  34. etcd:
  35.   local:
  36.     dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
  37. imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers # 修改这个镜像能下载
  38. kind: ClusterConfiguration
  39. kubernetesVersion: 1.23.5 # k8s版本
  40. networking:
  41.   dnsDomain: cluster.local
  42.   podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16  
  43.   serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
  44. scheduler: {}
  45. ---
  46. apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
  47. kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
  48. mode: ipvs  # kube-proxy 模式
  49. EOF
  51. kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml

2. 直接初始化：

kube-proxy 模式是 iptables，可以通过kubectl edit configmap kube-proxy -n kube-system修改

  1. kubeadm init \
  2. --kubernetes-version v1.23.5 \
  3. --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.4.27 \
  4. --control-plane-endpoint master \
  5. --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
  6. --pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 \
  7. --cri-socket /run/containerd/containerd.sock
  • —kubernetes-version：指定的版本
  • —apiserver-advertise-address：K8S主节点的地址
  • —pod-network-cidr：pod的网络IP范围

如果您的网络运行在192.168..，需要将 pod-network-cidr 设置为10.0.0.0/16；
如果您的网络是10.0..使用192.168.0.0/16，此时使用calico网络（如果设置错了部署calico 网络插件后coredns也运行不起来，会报错coredns Failed to list *v1.Endpoints，该错误解决办法参考https://blog.csdn.net/u011663005/article/details/87937800）：

  • —image-repository：指定下载源

复制config文件

  1. mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  2. sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  3. sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

2.2.2 node节点

  1. kubeadm join master:6443 --token f6e3hv.uk6ctfgehstt92jw \
  2.     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9962caed607e31de7b93732347c1ac681f216c290e6b35f91f3f5d67cd12cbcf

2.3 安装Calico网络插件（master节点执行）

  1. mkdir -p /root/i && cd /root/i
  3. # 下载
  4. curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml -o /root/i/calico.yaml
  6. 查看一下版本`v3.22.2`，如果不是替换不生效
  8. # 修改镜像
  9. sed -i 's#docker.io/calico/cni:v3.22.2#registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wanfei/cni:v3.22.2#' /root/i/calico.yaml
  10. sed -i 's#docker.io/calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.22.2#registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wanfei/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.22.2#' /root/i/calico.yaml
  11. sed -i 's#docker.io/calico/node:v3.22.2#registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wanfei/node:v3.22.2#' /root/i/calico.yaml
  12. sed -i 's#docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.22.2#registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wanfei/kube-controllers:v3.22.2#' /root/i/calico.yaml
  14. # 执行
  15. kubectl apply -f /root/i/calico.yaml

等几分钟

  1. [root@master i]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
  2. NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
  3. calico-kube-controllers-57845f44bb-tpvbr   1/1     Running   0          79s
  4. calico-node-fpfxj                          1/1     Running   0          79s
  5. calico-node-qcvqx                          1/1     Running   0          79s
  6. calico-node-r4gsf                          1/1     Running   0          79s
  7. coredns-6d8c4cb4d-7bclr                    1/1     Running   0          29m
  8. coredns-6d8c4cb4d-djwxf                    1/1     Running   0          29m
  9. etcd-master                                1/1     Running   0          29m
  10. kube-apiserver-master                      1/1     Running   0          29m
  11. kube-controller-manager-master             1/1     Running   0          29m
  12. kube-proxy-pjkmd                           1/1     Running   0          7m35s
  13. kube-proxy-snb84                           1/1     Running   0          7m46s
  14. kube-proxy-tp7wm                           1/1     Running   0          29m
  15. kube-scheduler-master                      1/1     Running   0          29m
  17. [root@master i]# kubectl get nodes
  18. NAME     STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
  19. master   Ready    control-plane,master   29m     v1.23.5
  20. node1    Ready    <none>                 8m4s    v1.23.5
  21. node2    Ready    <none>                 7m53s   v1.23.5

三. 安装其他工具

3.1 持久化存储 nfs

3.1.1 搭建NFS Server（随便安装那个节点，现在安装master节点）

  1. yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
  3. #分配权限
  4. mkdir /nfsdata  && chmod 666 /nfsdata && chown nfsnobody /nfsdata
  6. # 配置挂载
  7. cat <<EOF> /etc/exports
  8. /nfsdata *(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,sync)
  9. EOF
  11. # 启动
  12. systemctl start rpcbind.service
  13. systemctl enable rpcbind.service
  14. systemctl start nfs.service
  15. systemctl enable nfs.service

3.1.2 安装NFS客户端(所有node节点)

如果不安装，使用StorageClass的nfs-client 的自动配置程序，我们也叫它 Provisioner所在的node节点就会一直ContainerCreating

  1. [root@master nfs-client]# kubectl get pods -o wide
  2. NAME                                      READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE     IP       NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
  3. nfs-client-provisioner-798cfd7476-zrndd   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          3m53s   <none>   node1   <none>           <none>

安装

  1. yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
  3. systemctl start rpcbind.service
  4. systemctl enable rpcbind.service
  5. systemctl start nfs.service
  6. systemctl enable nfs.service
  8. [root@node1 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.4.27
  9. Export list for 192.168.4.27:
  10. /nfsdata *

3.1.3 安装nfs-client-provisioner

设置StorageClass，自动生成PV

nfs-rbac.yaml

  1. cat <<EOF> nfs-rbac.yaml
  2. apiVersion: v1
  3. kind: ServiceAccount
  4. metadata:
  5.   name: nfs-client-provisioner
  6.   # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  7.   namespace: default        #根据实际环境设定namespace,下面类同
  8. ---
  9. kind: ClusterRole
  10. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  11. metadata:
  12.   name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
  13. rules:
  14.   - apiGroups: [""]
  15.     resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
  16.     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  17.   - apiGroups: [""]
  18.     resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
  19.     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  20.   - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
  21.     resources: ["storageclasses"]
  22.     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  23.   - apiGroups: [""]
  24.     resources: ["events"]
  25.     verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
  26. ---
  27. kind: ClusterRoleBinding
  28. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  29. metadata:
  30.   name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
  31. subjects:
  32.   - kind: ServiceAccount
  33.     name: nfs-client-provisioner
  34.     # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  35.     namespace: default
  36. roleRef:
  37.   kind: ClusterRole
  38.   name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
  39.   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  40. ---
  41. kind: Role
  42. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  43. metadata:
  44.   name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  45.     # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  46.   namespace: default
  47. rules:
  48.   - apiGroups: [""]
  49.     resources: ["endpoints"]
  50.     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
  51. ---
  52. kind: RoleBinding
  53. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  54. metadata:
  55.   name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  56. subjects:
  57.   - kind: ServiceAccount
  58.     name: nfs-client-provisioner
  59.     # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  60.     namespace: default
  61. roleRef:
  62.   kind: Role
  63.   name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  64.   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  65. EOF

nfs-storage.yaml

  1. cat <<EOF> nfs-storage.yaml
  2. apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
  3. kind: StorageClass
  4. metadata:
  5.   name: nfs-storage
  6. provisioner: nfs-storage #这里的名称要和provisioner配置文件中的环境变量PROVISIONER_NAME保持一致
  7. parameters:
  8.   archiveOnDelete: "true"
  9. reclaimPolicy: Retain
  10. EOF

nfs-provisioner.yaml

  1. cat <<EOF> nfs-provisioner.yaml
  2. apiVersion: apps/v1
  3. kind: Deployment
  4. metadata:
  5.   name: nfs-client-provisioner
  6.   labels:
  7.     app: nfs-client-provisioner
  8.   # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  9.   namespace: default  #与RBAC文件中的namespace保持一致
  10. spec:
  11.   replicas: 1
  12.   selector:
  13.     matchLabels:
  14.       app: nfs-client-provisioner
  15.   strategy:
  16.     type: Recreate
  17.   selector:
  18.     matchLabels:
  19.       app: nfs-client-provisioner
  20.   template:
  21.     metadata:
  22.       labels:
  23.         app: nfs-client-provisioner
  24.     spec:
  25.       serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner
  26.       containers:
  27.         - name: nfs-client-provisioner
  28.           #image: quay.io/external_storage/nfs-client-provisioner:latest
  29.           #这里特别注意，在k8s-1.20以后版本中使用上面提供的包，并不好用，这里我折腾了好久，才解决，后来在官方的github上，别人提的问题中建议使用下面这个包才解决的，我这里是下载后，传到我自已的仓库里
  30.           #easzlab/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2
  31.           image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wanfei/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2
  32.           volumeMounts:
  33.             - name: nfs-client-root
  34.               mountPath: /persistentvolumes
  35.           env:
  36.             - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
  37.               value: nfs-storage  #provisioner名称,请确保该名称与 nfs-StorageClass.yaml文件中的provisioner名称保持一致
  38.             - name: NFS_SERVER
  39.               value: 192.168.4.27   #NFS Server IP地址
  40.             - name: NFS_PATH
  41.               value: "/nfsdata"    #NFS挂载卷
  42.       volumes:
  43.         - name: nfs-client-root
  44.           nfs:
  45.             server: 192.168.4.27  #NFS Server IP地址
  46.             path: "/nfsdata"     #NFS 挂载卷
  47. EOF

安装

  1. kubectl apply -f .
  3. [root@master nfs-client]# kubectl get pods | grep nfs-client
  4. nfs-client-provisioner-777fbf8b55-2ptbm   1/1     Running   0          34s

设置默认的StorageClass(有default)

  1. kubectl patch storageclass nfs-storage -p  '{ "metadata" : { "annotations" :{"storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class": "true"}}}'
  3. [root@master ~]# kubectl get sc | grep nfs-storage
  4. nfs-storage (default)   nfs-storage                                     Retain          Immediate           false                  71s
  6. # 取消default,值为"false"
  7. kubectl patch storageclass nfs-storage -p  '{ "metadata" : { "annotations" :{"storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class": "false"}}}'

参考 https://blog.csdn.net/m0_48898914/article/details/121752973

3.2 安装helm

3.2.1 下载

下载地址 https://github.com/helm/helm/releases

  1. [root@master helm]# wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.8.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz

服务器下载速度太慢，可以科学上网下载好了上传到服务器，安装lrzsz https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22356995/article/details/104071562

解压

  1. [root@master helm]# tar -xvf helm-v3.8.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
  2. linux-amd64/
  3. linux-amd64/helm
  4. linux-amd64/README.md
  5. linux-amd64/LICENSE

3.2.2 安装

将helm移到/usr/local/bin目录

  1. [root@master helm]# mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin
  2. [root@master helm]# helm version
  3. version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.8.1", GitCommit:"0ad800ef43d3b826f31a5ad8dfbb4fe05d143688", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.13.12"}

3.2.3 添加几个repo

  1. helm repo add apphub https://apphub.aliyuncs.com
  2. helm repo add stable https://charts.helm.sh/stable
  3. helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
  4. helm repo update
  6. # 例如搜索redis chart
  7. [root@master helm]# helm search repo redis
  8. NAME                                CHART VERSION    APP VERSION      DESCRIPTION                                       
  9. apphub/prometheus-redis-exporter    3.2.2            1.3.4            Prometheus exporter for Redis metrics             
  10. apphub/redis                        10.5.3           5.0.7            Open source, advanced key-value store. It is of...
  11. apphub/redis-cache                  0.5.0            4.0.12-alpine    A pure in-memory redis cache, using statefulset...
  12. apphub/redis-ha                     4.3.3            5.0.6            Highly available Kubernetes implementation of R...
  13. apphub/redis-operator               1.0.0                             Redis Operator provides high availability redis...
  14. apphub/redispapa                    0.0.1            0.0.1            利用redis的info信息对redis的使用情况进行监控的一...
  15. bitnami/redis                       16.6.0           6.2.6            Redis(TM) is an open source, advanced key-value...
  16. bitnami/redis-cluster               7.4.1            6.2.6            Redis(TM) is an open source, scalable, distribu...
  17. stable/prometheus-redis-exporter    3.5.1            1.3.4            DEPRECATED Prometheus exporter for Redis metrics  
  18. stable/redis                        10.5.7           5.0.7            DEPRECATED Open source, advanced key-value stor...
  19. stable/redis-ha                     4.4.6            5.0.6            DEPRECATED - Highly available Kubernetes implem...
  20. stable/sensu                        0.2.5            0.28             DEPRECATED Sensu monitoring framework backed by...
  21. apphub/codis                        3.2              3.2              A Helm chart for Codis

本文转自：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38983728/article/details/123755691

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