基于Laravel Auth自定义接口API用户认证的实现方法

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基于 laravel 默认的 auth 实现 api 认证
现在微服务越来越流行了. 很多东西都拆分成独立的系统,各个系统之间没有直接的关系. 这样我们如果做用户认证肯定是统一的做一个独立的用户认证系统,而不是每个业务系统都要重新去写一遍用户认证相关的东西. 但是又遇到一个问题了. laravel 默认的auth 认证是基于数据库做的,如果要微服务架构可怎么做呢?
实现代码如下:
UserProvider 接口:

// 通过唯一标示符获取认证模型
public function retrieveById($identifier);
// 通过唯一标示符和 remember token 获取模型
public function retrieveByToken($identifier, $token);
// 通过给定的认证模型更新 remember token
public function updateRememberToken(Authenticatable $user, $token);
// 通过给定的凭证获取用户，比如 email 或用户名等等
public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials);
// 认证给定的用户和给定的凭证是否符合
public function validateCredentials(Authenticatable $user, array $credentials);

ravel 中默认有两个 user provider : DatabaseUserProvider & EloquentUserProvider.
DatabaseUserProvider
Illuminate\Auth\DatabaseUserProvider
直接通过数据库表来获取认证模型.
EloquentUserProvider
Illuminate\Auth\EloquentUserProvider
通过 eloquent 模型来获取认证模型
根据上面的知识，可以知道要自定义一个认证很简单。
自定义 Provider
创建一个自定义的认证模型，实现 Authenticatable 接口；
App\Auth\UserProvider.php

<?php
namespace App\Auth;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider as Provider;
class UserProvider implements Provider
{
 /**
 * Retrieve a user by their unique identifier.
 * @param mixed $identifier
 * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null
 */
 public function retrieveById($identifier)
 {
 return app(User::class)::getUserByGuId($identifier);
 }
 /**
 * Retrieve a user by their unique identifier and "remember me" token.
 * @param mixed $identifier
 * @param string $token
 * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null
 */
 public function retrieveByToken($identifier, $token)
 {
 return null;
 }
 /**
 * Update the "remember me" token for the given user in storage.
 * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user
 * @param string   $token
 * @return bool
 */
 public function updateRememberToken(Authenticatable $user, $token)
 {
 return true;
 }
 /**
 * Retrieve a user by the given credentials.
 * @param array $credentials
 * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null
 */
 public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials)
 {
 if ( !isset($credentials['api_token'])) {
 return null;
 }
 return app(User::class)::getUserByToken($credentials['api_token']);
 }
 /**
 * Rules a user against the given credentials.
 * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user
 * @param array   $credentials
 * @return bool
 */
 public function validateCredentials(Authenticatable $user, array $credentials)
 {
 if ( !isset($credentials['api_token'])) {
 return false;
 }
 return true;
 }
}

Authenticatable 接口:
Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable
Authenticatable 定义了一个可以被用来认证的模型或类需要实现的接口，也就是说，如果需要用一个自定义的类来做认证，需要实现这个接口定义的方法。

<?php
.
.
.
// 获取唯一标识的，可以用来认证的字段名，比如 id，uuid
public function getAuthIdentifierName();
// 获取该标示符对应的值
public function getAuthIdentifier();
// 获取认证的密码
public function getAuthPassword();
// 获取remember token
public function getRememberToken();
// 设置 remember token
public function setRememberToken($value);
// 获取 remember token 对应的字段名，比如默认的 'remember_token'
public function getRememberTokenName();
.
.
.

Laravel 中定义的 Authenticatable trait，也是 Laravel auth 默认的 User 模型使用的 trait，这个 trait 定义了 User 模型默认认证标示符为 ‘id’，密码字段为password，remember token 对应的字段为 remember_token 等等。
通过重写 User 模型的这些方法可以修改一些设置。
实现自定义认证模型
App\Models\User.php

<?php
namespace App\Models;
use App\Exceptions\RestApiException;
use App\Models\Abstracts\RestApiModel;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;
class User extends RestApiModel implements Authenticatable
{
 protected $primaryKey = 'guid';
 public $incrementing = false;
 protected $keyType = 'string';
 /**
 * 获取唯一标识的，可以用来认证的字段名，比如 id，guid
 * @return string
 */
 public function getAuthIdentifierName()
 {
 return $this->primaryKey;
 }
 /**
 * 获取主键的值
 * @return mixed
 */
 public function getAuthIdentifier()
 {
 $id = $this->{$this->getAuthIdentifierName()};
 return $id;
 }
 public function getAuthPassword()
 {
 return '';
 }
 public function getRememberToken()
 {
 return '';
 }
 public function setRememberToken($value)
 {
 return true;
 }
 public function getRememberTokenName()
 {
 return '';
 }
 protected static function getBaseUri()
 {
 return config('api-host.user');
 }
 public static $apiMap = [
 'getUserByToken' => ['method' => 'GET', 'path' => 'login/user/token'],
 'getUserByGuId' => ['method' => 'GET', 'path' => 'user/guid/:guid'],
 ];
 /**
 * 获取用户信息 (by guid)
 * @param string $guid
 * @return User|null
 */
 public static function getUserByGuId(string $guid)
 {
 try {
 $response = self::getItem('getUserByGuId', [
 ':guid' => $guid
 ]);
 } catch (RestApiException $e) {
 return null;
 }
 return $response;
 }
 /**
 * 获取用户信息 (by token)
 * @param string $token
 * @return User|null
 */
 public static function getUserByToken(string $token)
 {
 try {
 $response = self::getItem('getUserByToken', [
 'Authorization' => $token
 ]);
 } catch (RestApiException $e) {
 return null;
 }
 return $response;
 }
}

上面 RestApiModel 是我们公司对 Guzzle 的封装,用于 php 项目各个系统之间 api 调用. 代码就不方便透漏了.
Guard 接口

// 判断当前用户是否登录
public function check();
// 判断当前用户是否是游客（未登录）
public function guest();
// 获取当前认证的用户
public function user();
// 获取当前认证用户的 id，严格来说不一定是 id，应该是上个模型中定义的唯一的字段名
public function id();
// 根据提供的消息认证用户
public function validate(array $credentials = []);
// 设置当前用户
public function setUser(Authenticatable $user);

Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard
Guard 接口定义了某个实现了 Authenticatable (可认证的) 模型或类的认证方法以及一些常用的接口。

// 判断当前用户是否登录
public function check();
// 判断当前用户是否是游客（未登录）
public function guest();
// 获取当前认证的用户
```php
// 尝试根据提供的凭证验证用户是否合法
public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false);
// 一次性登录，不记录session or cookie
public function once(array $credentials = []);
// 登录用户，通常在验证成功后记录 session 和 cookie 
public function login(Authenticatable $user, $remember = false);
// 使用用户 id 登录
public function loginUsingId($id, $remember = false);
// 使用用户 ID 登录，但是不记录 session 和 cookie
public function onceUsingId($id);
// 通过 cookie 中的 remember token 自动登录
public function viaRemember();
// 登出
public function logout();

public function user();
// 获取当前认证用户的 id，严格来说不一定是 id，应该是上个模型中定义的唯一的字段名
public function id();
// 根据提供的消息认证用户
public function validate(array $credentials = []);
// 设置当前用户
public function setUser(Authenticatable $user);

StatefulGuard 接口
Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\StatefulGuard
StatefulGuard 接口继承自 Guard 接口，除了 Guard 里面定义的一些基本接口外，还增加了更进一步、有状态的 Guard.
新添加的接口有这些：
Laravel 中默认提供了 3 中 guard ：RequestGuard，TokenGuard，SessionGuard.
RequestGuard
Illuminate\Auth\RequestGuard
RequestGuard 是一个非常简单的 guard. RequestGuard 是通过传入一个闭包来认证的。可以通过调用 Auth::viaRequest 添加一个自定义的 RequestGuard.
SessionGuard
Illuminate\Auth\SessionGuard
SessionGuard 是 Laravel web 认证默认的 guard.
TokenGuard
Illuminate\Auth\TokenGuard
TokenGuard 适用于无状态 api 认证，通过 token 认证.
实现自定义 Guard
App\Auth\UserGuard.php
```php
<?php
namespace App\Auth;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Auth\GuardHelpers;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider;
class UserGuard implements Guard
{
 use GuardHelpers;
 protected $user = null;
 protected $request;
 protected $provider;
 /**
 * The name of the query string item from the request containing the API token.
 *
 * @var string
 */
 protected $inputKey;
 /**
 * The name of the token "column" in persistent storage.
 *
 * @var string
 */
 protected $storageKey;
 /**
 * The user we last attempted to retrieve
 * @var
 */
 protected $lastAttempted;
 /**
 * UserGuard constructor.
 * @param UserProvider $provider
 * @param Request $request
 * @return void
 */
 public function __construct(UserProvider $provider, Request $request = null)
 {
 $this->request = $request;
 $this->provider = $provider;
 $this->inputKey = 'Authorization';
 $this->storageKey = 'api_token';
 }
 /**
 * Get the currently authenticated user.
 * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null
 */
 public function user()
 {
 if(!is_null($this->user)) {
  return $this->user;
 }
 $user = null;
 $token = $this->getTokenForRequest();
 if(!empty($token)) {
  $user = $this->provider->retrieveByCredentials(
  [$this->storageKey => $token]
  );
 }
 return $this->user = $user;
 }
 /**
 * Rules a user's credentials.
 * @param array $credentials
 * @return bool
 */
 public function validate(array $credentials = [])
 {
 if (empty($credentials[$this->inputKey])) {
  return false;
 }
 $credentials = [$this->storageKey => $credentials[$this->inputKey]];
 $this->lastAttempted = $user = $this->provider->retrieveByCredentials($credentials);
 return $this->hasValidCredentials($user, $credentials);
 }
 /**
 * Determine if the user matches the credentials.
 * @param mixed $user
 * @param array $credentials
 * @return bool
 */
 protected function hasValidCredentials($user, $credentials)
 {
 return !is_null($user) && $this->provider->validateCredentials($user, $credentials);
 }
 /**
 * Get the token for the current request.
 * @return string
 */
 public function getTokenForRequest()
 {
 $token = $this->request->header($this->inputKey);
 return $token;
 }
 /**
 * Set the current request instance.
 *
 * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
 * @return $this
 */
 public function setRequest(Request $request)
 {
 $this->request = $request;
 return $this;
 }
}

在 AppServiceProvider 的 boot 方法添加如下代码：
App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider.php

<?php
.
.
.
// auth:api -> token provider.
Auth::provider('token', function() {
 return app(UserProvider::class);
});
// auth:api -> token guard.
// @throw \Exception
Auth::extend('token', function($app, $name, array $config) {
 if($name === 'api') {
 return app()->make(UserGuard::class, [
 'provider' => Auth::createUserProvider($config['provider']),
 'request' => $app->request,
 ]);
 }
 throw new \Exception('This guard only serves "auth:api".');
});
.
.
.

在 config\auth.php的 guards 数组中添加自定义 guard，一个自定义 guard 包括两部分： driver 和 provider.
设置 config\auth.php 的 defaults.guard 为 api

<?php
return [
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Authentication Defaults
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
 | This option controls the default authentication "guard" and password
 | reset options for your application. You may change these defaults
 | as required, but they're a perfect start for most applications.
 |
 */
 'defaults' => [
 'guard' => 'api',
 'passwords' => 'users',
 ],
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Authentication Guards
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
 | Next, you may define every authentication guard for your application.
 | Of course, a great default configuration has been defined for you
 | here which uses session storage and the Eloquent user provider.
 |
 | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
 | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
 | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user's data.
 |
 | Supported: "session", "token"
 |
 */
 'guards' => [
 'web' => [
  'driver' => 'session',
  'provider' => 'users',
 ],
 'api' => [
  'driver' => 'token',
  'provider' => 'token',
 ],
 ],
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | User Providers
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
 | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
 | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
 | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user's data.
 |
 | If you have multiple user tables or models you may configure multiple
 | sources which represent each model / table. These sources may then
 | be assigned to any extra authentication guards you have defined.
 |
 | Supported: "database", "eloquent"
 |
 */
 'providers' => [
 'users' => [
  'driver' => 'eloquent',
  'model' => App\Models\User::class,
 ],
 'token' => [
  'driver' => 'token',
  'model' => App\Models\User::class,
 ],
 ],
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Resetting Passwords
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
 | You may specify multiple password reset configurations if you have more
 | than one user table or model in the application and you want to have
 | separate password reset settings based on the specific user types.
 |
 | The expire time is the number of minutes that the reset token should be
 | considered valid. This security feature keeps tokens short-lived so
 | they have less time to be guessed. You may change this as needed.
 |
 */
 'passwords' => [
 'users' => [
  'provider' => 'users',
  'table' => 'password_resets',
  'expire' => 60,
 ],
 ],
];

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