鸿蒙软总线跨设备访问该怎么玩——小总结

重点撸代码：

1、跨设备启动FA、跨设备迁移、回迁

（1）权限

ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_STATE_CHANGE：用于允许监听分布式组网内的设备状态变化。ohos.permission.GET_DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_INFO：用于允许获取分布式组网内的设备列表和设备信息。ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO：用于查询其他应用的信息。ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC：用于允许不同设备间的数据交换。"reqPermissions": [    {"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"},    {"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_STATE_CHANGE"},     {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_INFO" },    {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO"} ]//主动申明，要多设备协同，让用户选择允许还是禁止requestPermissionsFromUser(new String[]{"ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"}, 0);

（2）界面：ability_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><DirectionalLayout    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"    ohos:height="match_parent"    ohos:width="match_parent"    ohos:orientation="vertical">    <Button        ohos:id="$+id:main_start_fa_btn"        ohos:height="match_content"        ohos:width="300vp"        ohos:text="1.启动远程设备的FA"        ohos:text_size="20fp"        ohos:text_color="#ffffff"        ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"        ohos:top_padding="8vp"        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"        ohos:left_padding="40vp"        ohos:right_padding="40vp"        ohos:top_margin="20vp"        />    <Button        ohos:id="$+id:main_migration_btn"        ohos:height="match_content"        ohos:width="300vp"        ohos:text="2.迁移到远程设备"        ohos:text_size="20fp"        ohos:text_color="#ffffff"        ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"        ohos:top_padding="8vp"        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"        ohos:left_padding="40vp"        ohos:right_padding="40vp"        ohos:top_margin="20vp"        />    </DirectionalLayout>

button_bg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><shape  xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"        ohos:shape="rectangle">    <solid ohos:color="#007DFF"/>    <corners ohos:radius="40"/></shape>

另外我们需要的Page Abiltiy：MigrationAbility、RemoveAbility

MainAbilitySlice:

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {   private Button mainStartFABtn,mainMigrationBtn;    @Override    public void onStart(Intent intent) {        super.onStart(intent);        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);        mainStartFABtn = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_main_start_fa_btn);        mainMigrationBtn = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_main_migration_btn);                mainStartFABtn.setClickedListener(mClickListener);        mainMigrationBtn.setClickedListener(mClickListener);    }    private Component.ClickedListener mClickListener = new Component.ClickedListener() {        @Override        public void onClick(Component component) {            int compoentId = component.getId();            switch (compoentId){                case ResourceTable.Id_main_start_fa_btn:                    //点击后跨设备打开Fa                    //第一种写法                    Intent intent = new Intent();                    Operation op = new Intent.OperationBuilder()                            .withDeviceId(Common.getOnLineDeviceId())                            .withBundleName("com.ybzy.demo")                            .withAbilityName("com.ybzy.demo.RemoveAbility")                            .withFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE)                            .build();                    intent.setOperation(op);                    intent.setParam("msg","我夸设备把你这个FA拉起来了！");                    startAbility(intent);                    //第二钟写法                    intent.setElement(new ElementName(Common.getOnLineDeviceId()                                            ,"com.ybzy.demo","com.ybzy.demo.RemoveAbility"));                    intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);                    intent.setParam("msg","我夸设备把你这个FA拉起来了！");                    startAbility(intent);                    break;                case ResourceTable.Id_main_migration_btn:                    //点击后进入要迁移的Ability页面                    Intent migrationIntent = new Intent();                    migrationIntent.setElement(new ElementName("","com.ybzy.demo"                                                    ,"com.ybzy.demo.MigrationAbility"));                    startAbility(migrationIntent);                    break;                default:                    break;            }        }    };    @Override    public void onActive() {        super.onActive();    }    @Override    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {        super.onForeground(intent);    }}

ability_migration.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><DirectionalLayout    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"    ohos:height="match_parent"    ohos:width="match_parent"    ohos:background_element="#00ffff"    ohos:orientation="vertical">    <Text        ohos:id="$+id:migration_text"        ohos:height="match_content"        ohos:width="250vp"        ohos:background_element="#0088bb"        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"        ohos:text="下面是一个可编辑的文本框"        ohos:text_size="50"        ohos:padding="5vp"        ohos:top_margin="30vp"        />    <TextField        ohos:id="$+id:migration_textfield"        ohos:height="250vp"        ohos:width="250vp"        ohos:hint="请输入..."        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"        ohos:background_element="#ffffff"        ohos:text_color="#888888"        ohos:text_size="20fp"        ohos:padding="5vp"        />    <Button        ohos:id="$+id:migration_migration_btn"        ohos:height="match_content"        ohos:width="match_content"        ohos:text="点击迁移"        ohos:text_size="20fp"        ohos:text_color="#ffffff"        ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"        ohos:top_padding="8vp"        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"        ohos:left_padding="50vp"        ohos:right_padding="50vp"        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"        ohos:top_margin="30vp"        />    <Button        ohos:id="$+id:migration_migration_back_btn"        ohos:height="match_content"        ohos:width="match_content"        ohos:text="点击迁移回来"        ohos:text_size="20fp"        ohos:text_color="#ffffff"        ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"        ohos:top_padding="8vp"        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"        ohos:left_padding="50vp"        ohos:right_padding="50vp"        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"        ohos:top_margin="30vp"        /></DirectionalLayout>

RemoveAbility...把接收到的值显示到页面就行，setText()

（3）工具类

public class Common{    public static String getDeviceId(){        List<DeviceInfo> deviceList = DeviceManager.getDeviceList(DeviceInfo.FLAG_GET_ONLINE_DEVICE);        if(deviceList.isEmpty()){            return null;        }        int deviceNum = deviceList.size();        List<String> deviceIds = new ArrayList<>(deviceNum);        List<String> deviceNames = new ArrayList<>(deviceNum);        deviceList.forEach((device)->{            deviceIds.add(device.getDeviceId());            deviceNames.add(device.getDeviceName());        });        //我们这里的实验环境，就两部手机，组件还没讲        //我就直接使用deviceIds的第一个元素，做为启动远程设备的目标id        String devcieIdStr = deviceIds.get(0);        return devcieIdStr;    }    public static void myShowTip(Context context,String msg){        //提示框的核心组件文本        Text text = new Text(context);        text.setWidth(MATCH_CONTENT);        text.setHeight(MATCH_CONTENT);        text.setTextSize(16, Text.TextSizeType.FP);        text.setText(msg);        text.setPadding(30,20,30,20);        text.setMultipleLine(true);        text.setMarginLeft(30);        text.setMarginRight(30);        text.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);        text.setTextAlignment(TextAlignment.CENTER);            //给上面的文本设置一个背景样式        ShapeElement style = new ShapeElement();        style.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);        style.setRgbColor(new RgbColor(77,77,77));        style.setCornerRadius(15);        text.setBackground(style);            //构建存放上面的text的布局        DirectionalLayout mainLayout = new DirectionalLayout(context);        mainLayout.setWidth(MATCH_PARENT);        mainLayout.setHeight(MATCH_CONTENT);        mainLayout.setAlignment(LayoutAlignment.CENTER);        mainLayout.addComponent(text);            //最后要让上面的组件绑定dialog        ToastDialog toastDialog = new ToastDialog(context);        toastDialog.setSize(MATCH_PARENT,MATCH_CONTENT);        toastDialog.setDuration(1500);        toastDialog.setAutoClosable(true);        toastDialog.setTransparent(true);        toastDialog.setAlignment(LayoutAlignment.CENTER);        toastDialog.setComponent((Component) mainLayout);        toastDialog.show();    }    }

（4）实现功能
MigrationAbilitySlice：

public class MigrationAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements IAbilityContinuation {    TextField migrationTextField;    Button migrationMigrationBtn,migrationMigrationBackBtn;    String msg = "";    @Override    public void onStart(Intent intent) {        super.onStart(intent);        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_migration);        migrationTextField = (TextField)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_migration_textfield);        migrationTextField.setText(msg);        migrationMigrationBtn = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_migration_migration_btn);        migrationMigrationBtn.setClickedListener(component -> {            //1、要进行迁移的Ability实现接口 IAbilityContinuation，实现的方法返回值改成true            //2、要进行迁移的Ability下面关联的所有AbilitySlice都要实现接口 IAbilityContinuation，            //  实现的方法上处理数据            //3、进行迁移            String deviceId = Common.getOnLineDeviceId();            if(deviceId != null){//                continueAbility(deviceId);                 continueAbilityReversibly(deviceId);            }        });        migrationMigrationBackBtn = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable                                                                    .Id_migration_migration_back_btn);        migrationMigrationBackBtn.setClickedListener(component -> {            reverseContinueAbility();        });    }    @Override    public void onActive() {        super.onActive();    }    @Override    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {        super.onForeground(intent);    }    @Override    public boolean onStartContinuation() {        return true;    }    @Override    public boolean onSaveData(IntentParams intentParams) {        intentParams.setParam("msg",migrationTextField.getText());        return true;    }    @Override    public boolean onRestoreData(IntentParams intentParams) {        msg = intentParams.getParam("msg").toString();//        getUITaskDispatcher().asyncDispatch(() -> {//            migrationTextField.setText(intentParams.getParam("msg").toString());//        });        return true;    }    @Override    public void onCompleteContinuation(int i) {    }}

2、跨设备连接Service

启动远程设备Service的代码示例如下：
添加按钮：

<Button    ohos:id="$+id:main_start_removeService_btn"    ohos:height="match_content"    ohos:width="300vp"    ohos:text="远程启动ServiceAbility"    ohos:text_size="20fp"    ohos:text_color="#ffffff"    ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"    ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"    ohos:top_padding="8vp"    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"    ohos:left_padding="40vp"    ohos:right_padding="40vp"    ohos:top_margin="20vp"    />        <Button    ohos:id="$+id:main_stop_removeService_btn"    ohos:height="match_content"    ohos:width="300vp"    ohos:text="远程关闭ServiceAbility"    ohos:text_size="20fp"    ohos:text_color="#ffffff"    ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"    ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"    ohos:top_padding="8vp"    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"    ohos:left_padding="40vp"    ohos:right_padding="40vp"    ohos:top_margin="20vp"    />

新建RemoteServiceAbility：

public class RemoteServiceAbility extends Ability {    private static final HiLogLabel LABEL_LOG = new HiLogLabel(3, 0xD001100, "Demo");    private Source sVideoSource;    private Player sPlayer;    @Override    public void onStart(Intent intent) {        HiLog.error(LABEL_LOG, "RmoteServiceAbility::onStart");        super.onStart(intent);        Common.myShowTip(this,"remote onstart");        sPlayer = new Player(RemoteServiceAbility.this);        new PlayerThread().start();    }    class PlayerThread extends Thread {        @Override        public void run() {            try {                File mp3FilePath = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC);                if (!mp3FilePath.exists()) {                    mp3FilePath.mkdirs();                }                File mp3File = new File(mp3FilePath.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + "bj.mp3");                Resource res = getResourceManager()                        .getRawFileEntry("resources/rawfile/bj.mp3").openRawFile();                byte[] buf = new byte[4096];                int count = 0;                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(mp3File);                while ((count = res.read(buf)) != -1) {                    fos.write(buf, 0, count);                }                FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = new FileInputStream(mp3File).getFD();                sVideoSource = new Source(fileDescriptor);                sPlayer.setSource(sVideoSource);                sPlayer.prepare();                sPlayer.setVolume(0.3f);                sPlayer.enableSingleLooping(true);                sPlayer.play();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    }    @Override    public void onStop() {        super.onStop();        Common.myShowTip(RemoteServiceAbility.this,"remote onStop");        sPlayer.stop();    }    @Override    public IRemoteObject onConnect(Intent intent) {        return null;    }    @Override    public void onDisconnect(Intent intent) {    }}

启动：

case ResourceTable.Id_main_start_remoteService_btn:    Common.myShowTip(MainAbilitySlice.this,deviceId);    Intent startRemoteServiceIntent = new Intent();    startRemoteServiceIntent.setElement(new ElementName(            deviceId,            "com.ybzy.demo",            "com.ybzy.demo.RemoteServiceAbility"    ));    startRemoteServiceIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);    startAbility(startRemoteServiceIntent);    break;

关闭远程设备Service：

case ResourceTable.Id_main_stop_remoteService_btn:    Common.myShowTip(MainAbilitySlice.this,deviceId);    Intent stopRemoteServiceIntent = new Intent();    stopRemoteServiceIntent.setElement(new ElementName(            deviceId,            "com.ybzy.demo",            "com.ybzy.demo.RemoteServiceAbility"    ));    stopRemoteServiceIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);    stopAbility(stopRemoteServiceIntent);    break;

仅通过启动和停止Service Ability两种方式对Service进行调度无法应对需长期交互的场景，
简单地说，信息就是只能去，回不来！
因此，分布式任务调度平台向开发者提供了跨设备Service连接及断开连接的能力。
链接上了，信息可去可回！

链接是使用connectAbility()方法，需要传入目标Service的Intent与接口IAbilityConnection的实例对象。

接口IAbilityConnection提供了两个方法供开发者实现：
（1）onAbilityConnectDone()用来处理连接的回调。
（2）onAbilityDisconnectDone()用来处理断开连接的回调。

我们可以在onAbilityConnectDone()中获取管理链接的代理，进一步为了使用该代理跨设备调度Service，
开发者需要在本地及远端分别实现对外接口一致的代理，这个接口是IRemoteBroker。

添加按钮：

<Button    ohos:id="$+id:main_connect_remoteService_btn"    ohos:height="match_content"    ohos:width="300vp"    ohos:text="远程链接ServiceAbility"    ohos:text_size="20fp"    ohos:text_color="#ffffff"    ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"    ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"    ohos:top_padding="8vp"    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"    ohos:left_padding="40vp"    ohos:right_padding="40vp"    ohos:top_margin="20vp"    /><Button    ohos:id="$+id:main_use_remoteService_btn"    ohos:height="match_content"    ohos:width="300vp"    ohos:text="使用远程ServiceAbility"    ohos:text_size="20fp"    ohos:text_color="#ffffff"    ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"    ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"    ohos:top_padding="8vp"    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"    ohos:left_padding="40vp"    ohos:right_padding="40vp"    ohos:top_margin="20vp"    /><Button    ohos:id="$+id:main_disconnect_remoteService_btn"    ohos:height="match_content"    ohos:width="300vp"    ohos:text="远程断开ServiceAbility"    ohos:text_size="20fp"    ohos:text_color="#ffffff"    ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"    ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"    ohos:top_padding="8vp"    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"    ohos:left_padding="40vp"    ohos:right_padding="40vp"    ohos:top_margin="20vp"    />

发起连接的本地侧的代理示例如下：

public class MyRemoteProxy implements IRemoteBroker {    //IRemoteBroker:获取远程代理对象的持有者    private static final int ERR_OK = 0;    //COMMAND_PLUS表示有效消息进行通信的约定的标记，MIN_TRANSACTION_ID是这个标记可以用的最小值：1    private static final int COMMAND_PLUS = IRemoteObject.MIN_TRANSACTION_ID;    //IRemoteObject:此接口    // 可用于查询或获取接口描述符、    // 添加或删除死亡通知、    // 将对象状态转储到特定文件以及发送消息。    private final IRemoteObject remote;    public MyRemoteProxy(IRemoteObject remote) {        this.remote = remote;    }    @Override    public IRemoteObject asObject() {//获取远程代理对象的方法        return remote;    }    public int plus(int a,int b) throws RemoteException {        //MessageParcel:这个类提供了读写对象、接口标记、文件描述符和大数据的方法。        MessageParcel data = MessageParcel.obtain();        //obtain()创建索引为0的空MessageParcel对象        MessageParcel reply = MessageParcel.obtain();        //MessageOption:定义与sendRequest一起发送消息的选项。        // option不同的取值，决定采用同步或异步方式跨设备调用Service        // 这个例子我们需要同步获取对端Service执行加法运算后的结果，同步模式调用sendRequest接口，即MessageOption.TF_SYNC        // 对应的是异步：TF_ASYNC        MessageOption option = new MessageOption(MessageOption.TF_SYNC);        data.writeInt(a);        data.writeInt(b);        try {            remote.sendRequest(COMMAND_PLUS, data, reply, option);            //第1个参数：约定通信双方确定的消息标记。            //第2个参数：发送到对等端侧的数据包裹MessageParcel对象。            //第3个参数：对等端侧返回的数据包裹MessageParcel对象。            //第4个参数：设置发送消息，用同步还是异步模式。            int ec = reply.readInt(); //返回通信成不成功，约定的标记ERR_OK            if (ec != ERR_OK) {                throw new RemoteException();            }            int result = reply.readInt();            return result;        } catch (RemoteException e) {            throw new RemoteException();        } finally {            data.reclaim(); //reclaim()清除不再使用的MessageParcel对象。            reply.reclaim();        }    }}

等待连接的远端侧的代理示例如下：

public class MyRemote extends RemoteObject implements IRemoteBroker{    private static final int ERR_OK = 0;    private static final int ERROR = -1;    private static final int COMMAND_PLUS = IRemoteObject.MIN_TRANSACTION_ID;     public MyRemote() {        super("MyService_Remote");    }     @Override    public IRemoteObject asObject() {        return this;    }     @Override    public boolean onRemoteRequest(int code, MessageParcel data, MessageParcel reply, MessageOption option) {        if (code != COMMAND_PLUS) {            reply.writeInt(ERROR);            return false;        }        int value1 = data.readInt();        int value2 = data.readInt();        int sum = value1 + value2;        reply.writeInt(ERR_OK);        reply.writeInt(sum);        return true;    }}

等待连接侧还需要作如下修改：

// 绑定前面定义的代理，实例化出发起链接侧需要的代理private MyRemote remote = new MyRemote();@Overridepublic IRemoteObject onConnect(Intent intent) {    //链接成功的时候，给发起链接侧返回去    return remote.asObject();}

完成上述步骤后，可以通过点击事件实现连接、利用连接关系控制PA以及断开连接等行为，代码示例如下：

private MyRemoteProxy mProxy = null;// 创建连接回调实例private IAbilityConnection conn = new IAbilityConnection() {    // 连接到Service的回调    @Override    public void onAbilityConnectDone(ElementName elementName, IRemoteObject iRemoteObject, int resultCode) {        // 在这里开发者可以拿到服务端传过来IRemoteObject对象，从中解析出服务端传过来的信息        mProxy = new MyRemoteProxy(iRemoteObject);        UIUtils.showTip(MainAbilitySlice.this,"拿到remoteObject：" + mProxy);    }    // 意外断开连接才会回调    @Override    public void onAbilityDisconnectDone(ElementName elementName, int resultCode) {    }};// 连接远程case ResourceTable.Id_main_connect_remoteService_btn:    //1、实现连接的本地侧的代理    //2、实现等待连接的远端侧的代理    //3、修改等待连接侧的Service    //4、在本地(发起链接侧)获取远端(被链接侧)返回过来的链接代理，创建链接后的回调函数    //5、实现链接，通过代理对象使用Service的服务    if (deviceId != null) {        Intent connectServiceIntent = new Intent();        connectServiceIntent.setElement(new ElementName(                deviceId,                "com.ybzy.demo",                "com.ybzy.demo.RemoteServiceAbility"        ));        connectServiceIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);        connectAbility(connectServiceIntent, iAbilityConnection);    }    break;        // 链接后使用case ResourceTable.Id_main_use_remoteService_btn:    if (mProxy != null) {        int ret = -1;        try {            ret = mProxy.plus(10, 20);        } catch (RemoteException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        Common.myShowTip(MainAbilitySlice.this, "获取的结果：" + ret);    }    break;    // 用完断开case ResourceTable.Id_main_disconnect_remoteService_btn:    disconnectAbility(iAbilityConnection);    break;

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