Python日期和时间函数

Python时间和日期操作需要用到datetime和time标准库模块。
一、time模块
1.time模块表示时间的方式
①时间戳
②格式化的时间字符串
③以数组的形式表示，即(struct_time),共有九个元素

year (four digits, e.g. 1998)
month (1-12)
day (1-31)
hours (0-23)
minutes (0-59)
seconds (0-59)
weekday (0-6, Monday is 0)
Julian day (day in the year, 1-366)
DST (Daylight Savings Time) flag (-1, 0 or 1) 是否是夏令时

2.常用函数
①asctime([tuple]) -> string
将一个struct_time(默认为当时时间)，转换成字符串。

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.asctime()
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Sun Jul 31 11:10:39 2016'</span>
>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.asctime(timeTuple)
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Sun Jul 31 12:12:12 2016'</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

②ctime(seconds) -> string
将一个时间戳(默认为当前时间)转换成一个时间字符串。

<code class="hljs python has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>time.ctime()
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Sun Jul 31 11:11:33 2016'</span>
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>time.ctime(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span>)
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Sun Jul 31 12:12:12 2016'</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

③ gmtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year, tm_mon, tm_day, tm_hour, tm_min,tm_sec, tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_isdst)
将一个时间戳转换成一个UTC时区(0时区)的struct_time，如果seconds参数未输入，则以当前时间为转换标准。

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">gmtime</span>()
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.struct_time(tm_year=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>, tm_mon=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, tm_mday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, tm_hour=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>, tm_min=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">15</span>, tm_sec=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">35</span>, tm_wday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, tm_yday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">213</span>, tm_isdst=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">gmtime</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.struct_time(tm_year=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>, tm_mon=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, tm_mday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, tm_hour=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>, tm_min=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_sec=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_wday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, tm_yday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">213</span>, tm_isdst=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

④localtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_day,tm_hour,tm_min,tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)
将一个时间戳转换成一个当前时区的struct_time，如果seconds参数未输入，则以当前时间为转换标准。

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">localtime</span>()
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.struct_time(tm_year=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>, tm_mon=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, tm_mday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, tm_hour=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11</span>, tm_min=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">17</span>, tm_sec=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">17</span>, tm_wday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, tm_yday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">213</span>, tm_isdst=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">localtime</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.struct_time(tm_year=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>, tm_mon=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, tm_mday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, tm_hour=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_min=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_sec=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_wday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, tm_yday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">213</span>, tm_isdst=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

⑤ mktime(tuple) -> floating point number
将一个以struct_time转换为时间戳。

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.mktime(timeTuple)
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332.0</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

⑥ strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
将指定的struct_time(默认为当前时间)，根据指定的格式化字符串输出。

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'2016-07-31 11:20:41'</span>
>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>,timeTuple)
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'2016-07-31 12:12:12'</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

⑦strptime(string, format) -> struct_time
将时间字符串根据指定的格式化符转换成数组形式的时间。

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> timeTuple
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.struct_time(tm_year=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>, tm_mon=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, tm_mday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, tm_hour=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_min=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_sec=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_wday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, tm_yday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">213</span>, tm_isdst=-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

⑧time() -> floating point number
返回当前时间的时间戳。

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>()
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469935566.776</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

二、datetime模块
1.datetime中的常量

datetime.MINYEAR，表示datetime所能表示的最小年份，MINYEAR = 1。
datetime.MAXYEAR，表示datetime所能表示的最大年份，MAXYEAR = 9999。

2.datetime中的类

datetime.date：表示日期的类。常用的属性有year, month, day；
datetime.time：表示时间的类。常用的属性有hour, minute, second, microsecond；
datetime.datetime：表示日期时间。
datetime.timedelta：表示时间间隔，即两个时间点之间的长度。
datetime.tzinfo：与时区有关的相关信息。

3.date类
date类表示一个由年、月、日组成的日期。
①类方法与类属性
date类定义了一些常用的类方法与类属性，方便我们操作：

date.max、date.min：date对象所能表示的最大、最小日期；
date.resolution：date对象表示日期的最小单位。这里是天。
date.today()：返回一个表示当前本地日期的date对象；
date.fromtimestamp(timestamp)：根据给定的时间戮，返回一个date对象；
datetime.fromordinal(ordinal)：将Gregorian日历时间转换为date对象；（Gregorian Calendar ：一种日历表示方法，类似于我国的农历，西方国家使用比较多，此处不详细展开讨论。）

②实例方法和属性
date提供的实例方法和属性：

date.year、date.month、date.day：年、月、日；
date.replace(year, month,day)：生成一个新的日期对象，用参数指定的年，月，日代替原有对象中的属性。（原有对象仍保持不变）
date.timetuple()：返回日期对应的time.struct_time对象；
date.toordinal()：返回日期对应的Gregorian Calendar日期；
date.weekday()：返回weekday，如果是星期一，返回0；如果是星期2，返回1，以此类推；
data.isoweekday()：返回weekday，如果是星期一，返回1；如果是星期2，返回2，以此类推；
date.isocalendar()：返回格式如(year，month，day)的元组；
date.isoformat()：返回格式如’YYYY-MM-DD’的字符串；
date.strftime(fmt)：自定义格式化字符串。在下面详细讲解。

③date支持的其他操作

date2 = date1 + timedelta #日期加上一个间隔，返回一个新的日期对象）
date2 = date1 - timedelta #日期隔去间隔，返回一个新的日期对象
timedelta = date1 - date2 #两个日期相减，返回一个时间间隔对象
date1 < date2 #两个日期进行比较

4.Time类
time类表示时间，由时、分、秒以及微秒组成。
①time类定义的类属性

time.min、time.max：time类所能表示的最小、最大时间。其中，time.min = time(0, 0, 0, 0)，time.max = time(23, 59, 59, 999999)；
time.resolution：时间的最小单位，这里是1微秒；

②time类提供的实例方法和属性

time.hour、time.minute、time.second、time.microsecond：时、分、秒、微秒；
time.tzinfo：时区信息；
time.replace([ hour[ , minute[ , second[ ,microsecond[ , tzinfo] ] ] ] ] )：创建一个新的时间对象，用参数指定的时、分、秒、微秒代替原有对象中的属性（原有对象仍保持不变）；
time.isoformat()：返回型如”HH:MM:SS”格式的字符串表示；
time.strftime(fmt)：返回自定义格式化字符串。在下面详细介绍；

像date一样，也可以对两个time对象进行比较，或者相减返回一个时间间隔对象。

5.datetime类
datetime是date与time的结合体，包括date与time的所有信息。
①datetime类定义的类属性与方法

datetime.min、datetime.max：datetime所能表示的最小值与最大值；
datetime.resolution：datetime最小单位；
datetime.today()：返回一个表示当前本地时间的datetime对象；
datetime.now([tz])：返回一个表示当前本地时间的datetime对象，如果提供了参数tz，则获取tz参数所指时区的本地时间；
datetime.utcnow()：返回一个当前utc时间的datetime对象；
datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp[,tz])：根据时间戮创建一个datetime对象，参数tz指定时区信息；
datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)：根据时间戮创建一个datetime对象；
datetime.combine(date, time)：根据date和time，创建一个datetime对象；
datetime.strptime(date_string, format)：将格式字符串转换为datetime对象；

②datetime类提供的实例方法与属性

datetime.year、month、day、hour、minute、second、microsecond、tzinfo：年、月、日、时、分、秒、毫秒、时区；
datetime.date()：获取date对象。
datetime.time()：获取time对象。
datetime. replace([ year[ , month[ , day[ , hour[ , minute[ , second[ , microsecond[ ,tzinfo] ] ] ] ] ] ] ])：返回一个替换了指定日期时间字段的新datetime对象。
datetime.timetuple ()：返回一个时间元素, 等价于time.localtime()。
datetime. utctimetuple()：返回UTC时间元组对象, 等价于time.localtime()。
datetime. toordinal ()：返回日期对应的Gregorian Calendar 日期。
datetime. weekday ()：返回 0 ~ 6 表示星期几（星期一是0，依此类推）。
datetime. isocalendar ()：返回一个三元组格式 (year, month, day)。
datetime. isoformat ([ sep] )：返回一个 ISO 8601 格式的日期字符串，如 “YYYY-MM-DD”的字符串。
datetime. ctime()：返回一个日期时间的C格式字符串，等效于time.ctime(time.mktime(dt.timetuple()))；
datetime. strftime (format)：返回自定义格式化字符串表示日期。

像date一样，也可以对两个datetime对象进行比较，或者相减返回一个时间间隔对象，或者日期时间加上一个间隔返回一个新的日期时间对象。
6.timedelta与tzinfo类
①timedelta类
datetime.timedelta对象代表两个时间之间的的时间差，两个date或datetime对象相减时可以返回一个timedelta对象。
timedelta包含数据days、seconds、microseconds，表示天数、秒数、微秒数，包含方法total_seconds() ，表示时间间隔的总秒数。
②tzinfo类
tzinfo：与时区有关的相关信息。

三、常见的日期时间操作
1.将字符串格式的日期转换为时间戳
方法：先将其转换为时间元组，再转换为时间戳。

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> timeStamp = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.mktime(timeTuple))
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> timeStamp
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

2.将时间戳转换为指定格式的日期
方法一

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> timeStamp = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">localtime</span>(timeStamp)
>>> otherTime = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>, timeTuple)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> otherTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

方法二

<code class="hljs python has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> datetime
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>timeStamp = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span>
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>dt= datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timeStamp)
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>otherTime = dt.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"</span>)
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> otherTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">04</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

3.更改日期格式
方法:先转换为时间元组,然后转换为其他格式。

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>>timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>>otherTime = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>/<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>/<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>, timeTuple)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> otherTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

4.将当前时间并转换为指定日期格式
方法一:

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> nowStamp = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>())  
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">localtime</span>(nowStamp)
>>> otherTime = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>, timeTuple)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> otherTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">47</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

方法二:

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import datetime
>>> now = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> otherTime = now.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> otherTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">21</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">45</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

5、获取今天、昨天和明天的日期

<code class="hljs python has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> datetime
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>today = datetime.date.today()
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>yesterday = today - datetime.timedelta(days=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>tomorrow = today + datetime.timedelta(days=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>) 
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"昨天:%s， 今天:%s， 明天：%s"</span> % (yesterday, today, tomorrow)
昨天:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30</span>， 今天:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>， 明天：<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">08</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">01</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

6.计算前1天、后一天的时间

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import datetime
>>> dtOneDayAgo = (datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)).strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> dtOneDayAfter = (datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)).strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> dtOneDayAgo，dtOneDayAfter
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">39</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">54</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-08-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">01</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">14</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

7、获取当前的时间
(1)使用time模块

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> currentTime = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> currentTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">44</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

（2）使用datetime模块

<code class="hljs vbscript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import datetime
>>> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">now</span> = datetime.datetime.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">now</span>()
>>> currentTime=str(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">now</span>.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">hour</span>)+<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">":"</span>+str(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">now</span>.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">minute</span>)+<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">":"</span>+str(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">now</span>.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">second</span>)
>>> print currentTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">52</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">18</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

四、日期和时间的格式化参数

%a 星期几的简写
%A 星期几的全称
%b 月分的简写
%B 月份的全称
%c 标准的日期的时间串
%C 年份的后两位数字
%d 十进制表示的每月的第几天
%D 月/天/年
%e 在两字符域中，十进制表示的每月的第几天
%F 年-月-日
%g 年份的后两位数字，使用基于周的年
%G 年分，使用基于周的年
%h 简写的月份名
%H 24小时制的小时
%I 12小时制的小时
%j 十进制表示的每年的第几天
%m 十进制表示的月份
%M 十时制表示的分钟数
%n 新行符
%p 本地的AM或PM的等价显示
%r 12小时的时间
%R 显示小时和分钟：hh:mm
%S 十进制的秒数
%t 水平制表符
%T 显示时分秒：hh:mm:ss
%u 每周的第几天，星期一为第一天（值从0到6，星期一为0）
%U 第年的第几周，把星期日做为第一天（值从0到53）
%V 每年的第几周，使用基于周的年
%w 十进制表示的星期几（值从0到6，星期天为0）
%W 每年的第几周，把星期一做为第一天（值从0到53）
%x 标准的日期串
%X 标准的时间串
%y 不带世纪的十进制年份（值从0到99）
%Y 带世纪部分的十制年份
%z，%Z时区名称，如果不能得到时区名称则返回空字符。
%% 百分号

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