对wcf的理解--实现计算器功能

WCF本质上提供一个跨进程、跨机器以致跨网络的服务调用，本示例中主要实现了计算器的功能，大部分的函数来源于网上别人的帖子，这叫站在巨人的肩膀上，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~，但是为了加深自己的对wcf的理解，因此决定自己在写个类似的demo，把写demo中遇到的问题展现出来，我相信对于初识wcf的程序员了来说，也会遇到各种问题。好了步入正题。

WCF 分为四个部分 1、契约（Interface）2、服务契约（Service）3、WCF 宿主程序（控制台或者IIS） 4、客户端（Client）

本人在写wcf的时候喜欢将四个部分分别拆分成不同的类库来管理。

1、契约

契约是对外开放的接口，暴露给客户端的函数名称首先，新建一个wcf服务库，名称为Interface，如图所示：

删掉程序中默认的文件（App.config，IService1.cs，Service1.cs），新建ICalculator

namespace Interface{    [ServiceContract(Name = "CalculatorService", Namespace = "")]public interface ICalculator    {        [OperationContract]double Add(double x, double y);        [OperationContract]double Subtract(double x, double y);        [OperationContract]double Multiply(double x, double y);        [OperationContract]double Divide(double x, double y);    }}

2、新建服务契约，其实就是实现契约的类，添加"新建项目"->WCF->"WCF服务库" （如第一步新建契约是一样的步骤），类库的名称为Service，

新建成功后，删除默认文件（App.config，IService1.cs，Service1.cs）,添加引用"Interface" 类库，新建CalculatorService 并实现ICalculator

namespace Service{    [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)]public class CalculatorService : ICalculator    {public double Add(double x, double y)        {return x + y;        }public double Subtract(double x, double y)        {return x - y;        }public double Multiply(double x, double y)        {return x * y;        }public double Divide(double x, double y)        {return x / y;        }    }

3、新建WCF宿主程序，WCF的契约和服务契约都已经建完，但是还需要一个程序来承载这些接口供外部程序调用，因此称之为宿主程序，宿主程序可以部署在IIS上，也可以用控制台程序运行方便调试，下面我就介绍用控制台程序作为宿主程序。在解决方案的名称右键添加"控制台程序" 名称为Hosting ，添加对Interface和Service的引用

实现wcf对外开放有两种方式，一种方式是配置文件，将所有的WCF信息都写到配置文件中

第一种：WCF的相关信息写到配置文件（App.config）中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><configuration>  <startup>    <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1"/>  </startup>  <system.serviceModel>    <services>      <service name="Service.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="WCFService.WCFServiceBehavior">        <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:8888/CalculatorService" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Service.Interface.ICalculator">                  </endpoint>        <endpoint address="net.tcp://127.0.0.1:9999/CalculatorService"  binding="netTcpBinding"  contract="Service.Interface.ICalculator">        </endpoint>        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexTcpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />        <host>          <baseAddresses>            <add baseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:8888/"/>            <add baseAddress="net.tcp://127.0.0.1:9999/"/>          </baseAddresses>        </host>      </service>    </services>    <behaviors>      <serviceBehaviors>        <behavior name="WCFService.WCFServiceBehavior">          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" />        </behavior>      </serviceBehaviors>    </behaviors>  </system.serviceModel></configuration>

Main方法的主要代码如下，

    public class Program    {internal static ServiceHost host = null;static void Main(string[] args)        {using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))            {                host.Opened += delegate{                    Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已经启动，按任意键终止服务！");                };                host.Open();                Console.ReadLine();            }        }    }

运行控制台程序，如下图所示：

第二种：写一个WCFHelper类，添加帮助类的时候，一定引用System.Runtime.Serialization ，并且删掉App.config 对wcf的配置，否则会报错代码如下：

 public static class WCFHelper    {public static string IP { get; set; }public static int Port { get; set; }static WCFHelper()        {try{                IP = System.Environment.MachineName;// ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServiceIP"];//                Port = int.Parse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServicePort"]);            }catch{            }            EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.Http, "http://{0}:{1}/{2}/{3}");            EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetTcp, "net.tcp://{0}:{1}/{2}/{3}");//EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetMsmq, "net.msmq://{0}:{1}/" + schema + "/{2}");//EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetPipe, "net.pipe://{0}:{1}/" + schema + "/{2}");try{                httpBinding = new BasicHttpBinding();                httpBinding.MaxBufferSize = 200065536;                httpBinding.MaxReceivedMessageSize = 200065536;                httpBinding.CloseTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);                httpBinding.OpenTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);                httpBinding.ReceiveTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);                httpBinding.SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);                httpBinding.Security.Mode = BasicHttpSecurityMode.None;                httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxDepth = 64;                httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxStringContentLength = 2147483647;                httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxArrayLength = 16384;                httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxBytesPerRead = 4096;                httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxNameTableCharCount = 16384;            }catch{                httpBinding = new BasicHttpBinding();            }try{                tcpBinding = new NetTcpBinding();                tcpBinding.CloseTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);                tcpBinding.OpenTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);                tcpBinding.ReceiveTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);                tcpBinding.SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);                tcpBinding.TransactionFlow = false;                tcpBinding.TransferMode = TransferMode.Buffered;                tcpBinding.TransactionProtocol = TransactionProtocol.OleTransactions;                tcpBinding.HostNameComparisonMode = HostNameComparisonMode.StrongWildcard;                tcpBinding.ListenBacklog = 100000;                tcpBinding.MaxBufferPoolSize = 524288;                tcpBinding.MaxBufferSize = 200065536;                tcpBinding.MaxConnections = 2000;                tcpBinding.MaxReceivedMessageSize = 200065536;                tcpBinding.PortSharingEnabled = true;                tcpBinding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.None;                tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxDepth = 64;                tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxStringContentLength = 2147483647;                tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxArrayLength = 163840000;                tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxBytesPerRead = 4096;                tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxNameTableCharCount = 16384;                tcpBinding.ReliableSession.Ordered = true;                tcpBinding.ReliableSession.InactivityTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);                tcpBinding.ReliableSession.Enabled = false;            }catch{                tcpBinding = new NetTcpBinding();            }        }private static BasicHttpBinding httpBinding;public static BasicHttpBinding HttpBinding        {get{return httpBinding;            }        }private static NetTcpBinding tcpBinding;public static NetTcpBinding TcpBinding        {get{return tcpBinding;            }        }public static EndpointAddress GetEndpointAddress(string ip, int port, string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)        {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];            address = string.Format(address, ip, port, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new EndpointAddress(address);        }public static EndpointAddress GetEndpointAddress(string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)        {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];            address = string.Format(address, IP, Port, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new EndpointAddress(address);        }public static Uri GetBaseAddress(string ip, int port, string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)        {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];            address = string.Format(address, ip, port + 1, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new Uri(address);        }public static Uri GetBaseAddress(string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)        {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];            address = string.Format(address, IP, Port + 1, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new Uri(address);        }private readonly static Dictionary<BindingProtocol, string> EndpointAddress = new Dictionary<BindingProtocol, string>();public enum BindingProtocol        {            Http = 1,            NetTcp = 2,//NetPipe = 3,//NetMsmq = 4        }    }

将宿主程序中的main方法改成如下：

    static void Main(string[] args)        {            WCFHelper.IP = "127.0.0.10";            WCFHelper.Port = 9999;            Uri httpUri = WCFHelper.GetBaseAddress(WCFHelper.IP, WCFHelper.Port, "Calculator", "Inspect", WCFHelper.BindingProtocol.Http);using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), httpUri))            {                host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICalculator), WCFHelper.TcpBinding, WCFHelper.GetEndpointAddress(WCFHelper.IP, WCFHelper.Port, "Calculator", "InspectService", WCFHelper.BindingProtocol.NetTcp).Uri.AbsoluteUri);                ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();#if DEBUGbehavior.HttpGetEnabled = true;#elsebehavior.HttpGetEnabled = false;#endifhost.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior);                host.Opened += delegate{                    Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已经启动，按任意键终止服务！");                };                host.Open();                Console.ReadLine();            }}

4、宿主程序建完了，WCF的所有锲约已经对外可以访问了，那现在需要建立Client 去调用wcf程序了，

首先，编译宿主程序Host，找到bin/debug/ Host.exe 右键管理员打开，如果如下图证明服务已经于宁

其次，在解决方案名称->右键添加Winform程序新建WinForm 程序,添加"服务引用"

添加服务引用（此引用方式，是以"3、添加宿主程序" ->"第二种 WCF帮助类的方式"）

点击“转到” 系统发现WCF服务，如下图所示：

点击确定，就成功的将wcf的引用了，下面开始调用WCF的程序了，例如调用Add方法，代码如下：

 ServiceReference1.CalculatorServiceClient client = new ServiceReference1.CalculatorServiceClient();            textBox3.Text = client.Add(double.Parse(textBox1.Text), double.Parse(textBox2.Text)).ToString();

到此为止，wcf程序已经完成的跑通了，记得调试的时候已经把宿主程序和client程序同时运行。

如果闲麻烦，vs 支持同时启动多个项目，可以同时把client 和host同时启动

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