什么是MVVM架构和数据绑定？
16lz
2021-01-22
（申明：最近在做一个练习，写点东西，谨供参考。）
1、界面展示：其中的布局和样式就不说了，重点在MVVM架构和数据绑定（Model层使用EF(Entity Framework)实体框架，不做介绍）。
绑定后：
2、架构介绍：
在Views层中新建CusGroupEditWindow窗体，ViewModels中建立CusGroupEditViewModel类，在窗体的xaml或者cs中引用ViewModels对应类：
xaml中：
<Window.DataContext>
<local:CusGroupEditViewModel/> <!--（添加引用local：为CusGroupEditViewModel的路径）-->
</Window.DataContext>
cs：DataContext = CusGroupEditViewModel。（添加引用路径）
/***********************************************/
*CsGroup是在ViewModel中定义的一个CusGroup对象， *
*CusGroup对象是在SQL数据库中的表，在EF中的对象。 *
/***********************************************/
3、TextBox绑定：
<TextBox MaxWidth="550" Width="100" Text="{Binding CsGroup.Alarm,Mode=TwoWay}" />
4、Button绑定：
<Button Width="100" Height="35" Margin="10" Command="{Binding BtnChangedCommand}" CommandParameter="btnCusGroupSave" Background="#fc8530" >
<TextBlock Text="保存" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="16"></TextBlock>
</Button>
<!-- Command="{Binding BtnChangedCommand}"中是在ViewModel中的委托，继承ICommoand -->
<!--CommandParameter="btnCusGroupSave" 参数-->
5、CheckBox绑定：
<CheckBox Name="cbCash" Margin="0,0,5,0" IsChecked="{Binding CsGroup.IsCash}"/>
<!-- IsCash 是在SQL表中CusGroup中字段，bit类型--> 6、ComboBox绑定：
6、ComboBox绑定：
<ComboBox MaxWidth="150" Width="100" SelectedValue="{Binding StrCMBselectValue, Mode=TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" DisplayMemberPath="Text" SelectedValuePath="Value" ItemsSource="{Binding LstCSGDownLevelID, Mode=TwoWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" />
<!--SelectedValue：选中CommoBox的值，Mode双向模式，属性改变时触发；DisplayMemberPath：显示时绑定；SelectedValuePath：表示选择下拉框某一项对应的值；ItemsSource：绑定的数据源 -->
<!-- 其中Value和Text也可理解为数据源，在ViewModel中有赋值-->
7、DataGrid绑定：
<DataGrid ColumnWidth="*" SelectedItem="{Binding CurrentSelectItem}" ItemsSource="{Binding CsGroupsAll}" AutoGenerateColumns="False" IsReadOnly="True" > <DataGrid.Columns> <DataGridTextColumn Header="分组编号" Binding="{Binding Code}" /> <DataGridTextColumn Header="分组名称" Binding="{Binding Name}" /> </DataGrid.Columns> </DataGrid>
/***************************************************************/
//DataGrid当前选择对象private CusGroup currentSelectItem;public CusGroup CurrentSelectItem {get { return currentSelectItem; }set{ currentSelectItem = value; GetCutCmbSelect(value); } }View Code
<!--代码没有自动缩进，有点不知所措-->
/***************************************************************/
ViewModel 中的代码：
using HeYin.ERP.DataModels;using HeYin.ERP.IServices;using HeYin.ERP.Models;using HeYin.ERP.Services;using Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Commands;using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Collections.ObjectModel;using System.Windows;using System.Text.RegularExpressions;using System.Windows.Controls;namespace HeYin.ERP.Client.ViewModels.Customer{class CusGroupEditViewModel : BaseViewModel {private bool bIsAdd = false; ICusGroupService CGS; //调用IService接口#region Properties 属性private Guid gCsGroupID = Guid.Empty;//All CusGroupprivate List<CusGroup> csGroupsAll;public List<CusGroup> CsGroupsAll {get { return csGroupsAll; }set{ csGroupsAll = value; //设定值OnPropertyChanged("CsGroupsAll"); //在属性更改后，通知 } }private List<CusGroup> csGroupsMinPrestore;public List<CusGroup> CsGroupsAllMinPrestore {get { return csGroupsMinPrestore; }set{ csGroupsMinPrestore = value; //设定值OnPropertyChanged("CsGroupsAllMinPrestore"); //在属性更改后，通知 } }//CusGroup对象private CusGroup csGroup;public CusGroup CsGroup {get { return csGroup; }set{ csGroup = value; OnPropertyChanged("CsGroup"); } }/// <summary>/// /// </summary>private string strCMBselectValue;public string StrCMBselectValue {get { return strCMBselectValue; }set{if (value != null) { strCMBselectValue = value; OnPropertyChanged("StrCMBselectValue"); } } }/// <summary>/// ComboBoxDataModel：作为一个ComboBox的对象，可以理解为数据源/// </summary>private ObservableCollection<ComboBoxDataModel> lstCSGDownLevelID;public ObservableCollection<ComboBoxDataModel> LstCSGDownLevelID {get { return lstCSGDownLevelID; }set{ lstCSGDownLevelID = value; OnPropertyChanged("LstCSGDownLevelID"); } }//DataGrid当前选择对象private CusGroup currentSelectItem;public CusGroup CurrentSelectItem {get { return currentSelectItem; }set{ currentSelectItem = value; GetCutCmbSelect(value); } }private int errorCount;public int ErrorCount { get => errorCount; set => errorCount = value; }#endregion#region Commandspublic DelegateCommand<string> BtnChangedCommand { get; set; }public DelegateCommand<CusGroup> TxtChangedCommand { get; set; } #endregionpublic CusGroupEditViewModel() { CGS = new CusGroupService(); CsGroupsAll = new List<CusGroup>(); csGroup = new CusGroup(); LstCSGDownLevelID = new ObservableCollection<ComboBoxDataModel>(); BtnChangedCommand = new DelegateCommand<string>(MenuClick); TxtChangedCommand = new DelegateCommand<CusGroup>(ChangeCMBValue); GetAllCusGroups(); }#region ButtonClickprivate void MenuClick(string strMessage) {if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(strMessage)) return;if (CsGroup == null) return;switch (strMessage) {case "btnCusGroupSave": Save();break;case "btnCusGroupAdd": Add();break;case "btnCusGroupDelete": Delete();break; } }#endregion ButtonClick#region motheds/// <summary>/// 获取全部Group/// </summary>private void GetAllCusGroups() {//获取满足条件的客户分组信息 CsGroupsAll.Clear(); CsGroupsAll = CGS.Get(s => s.IsDelete == 0); GetAllCMBItems();//给降档分组下拉框赋值if ((gCsGroupID == null || gCsGroupID == Guid.Empty) && CsGroupsAll.Count > 0) CsGroup = CsGroupsAll[0]; //给基础信息等赋值StrCMBselectValue = CsGroup.DownLevelID.ToString();//设置降档分组默认值 }/// <summary>/// 添加/// </summary>/// <param name="cg"></param>private void AddCusGroup(CusGroup cg) { cg.ID = Guid.NewGuid(); //新建分组GUIDcg.IsDelete = 0; //默认为0：不删除cg.CreateBy = App.GetCurrentUserId();//创建人员关联员工 GUIDcg.CreateTime = DateTime.Now; //初始化创建时间，应该使用服务器当前时间bool c = CGS.Add(cg);if (c) { MessageBox.Show(string.Format("创建新组别【{0}】成功！", CsGroup.Name), "提示", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information); GetAllCusGroups(); bIsAdd = false; } }/// <summary>/// 修改/// </summary>/// <param name="cg"></param>private void UpdateCusGroup(CusGroup cg) { bIsAdd = false; cg.UpdateTime = DateTime.Now; cg.UpdateBy = App.GetCurrentUserId();//更新人员关联员工 GUIDstring[] str = { "UpdateTime", "UpdateBy" };bool b = CGS.Edit(cg, str);if (b) { MessageBox.Show("更改组别【成功】！", "提示", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information); GetAllCusGroups(); } }/// <summary>///删除方法（实为更新）/// </summary>/// <param name="cg"></param>private void DeleteCusGroup(CusGroup cg) { cg.IsDelete = 1; //更改数据库删除标志cg.UpdateTime = DateTime.Now; //更新删除时间cg.UpdateBy = App.GetCurrentUserId();//更新人员关联员工 GUIDstring[] str = { "UpdateTime", "IsDelete", "UpdateBy" };bool b = CGS.Edit(cg, str);if (b) {//MessageBox.Show(string.Format("已删除组别【{0}】！", CsGroup.Name), "提示", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information); GetAllCusGroups(); CsGroup = new CusGroup(); //清空对象bIsAdd = true; } }/// <summary>/// 插入和更新方法调用/// </summary>private void Save() {if (ErrorCount > 0) {//判断必填数据是否为空：为空则提示MessageBox.Show("请核对所填数据", "提示", MessageBoxButton.YesNo, MessageBoxImage.Information);return; }if (bIsAdd) AddCusGroup(CsGroup);elseUpdateCusGroup(CsGroup); }/// <summary>/// 获取降档分组下拉列表的值，并指定默认值/// </summary>/// <param name="value"></param>private void GetCutCmbSelect(CusGroup value) { bIsAdd = false;//点击新增后，再选择列表的逻辑if (value != null) { CsGroup = CGS.GetById(value.ID);//查找出当前选中的对象gCsGroupID = CsGroup.ID; //保存当前选择对象的GUIDif (CsGroup != null) {if (CsGroup.DownLevelID.HasValue) {//如果降档ID有值，则默认显示，如果没有，则显示为空GetExceptCMBSelect();//刷新下拉列表，先刷新，再赋值给默认值StrCMBselectValue = CsGroup.DownLevelID.ToString(); }else{ LstCSGDownLevelID.Clear(); StrCMBselectValue = string.Empty; } } } }private void Add() { bIsAdd = true;//点击新建分组时，重新获取所有降档ID对应的中文名 GetAllCMBItems(); CsGroup = new CusGroup(); }private void Delete() {if (this.CsGroup.ID == Guid.Empty || CsGroup.ID == null) MessageBox.Show("请选择要删除组别", "提示", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);else{ MessageBoxResult msgResult = MessageBox.Show(string.Format("确定要删除分组【{0}】吗？", CsGroup.Name), "提示", MessageBoxButton.YesNo, MessageBoxImage.Information);if (msgResult == MessageBoxResult.Yes) DeleteCusGroup(CsGroup); } }/// <summary>/// 排除当前列的降档ID和对应的Name/// </summary>private void GetExceptCMBSelect() { LstCSGDownLevelID.Clear(); CsGroupsAllMinPrestore = CGS.Get(s => s.IsDelete == 0 && s.MinPrestore <= CsGroup.MinPrestore);foreach (var iDlID in CsGroupsAllMinPrestore) {if (iDlID.ID != CsGroup.ID) //去除当前选择ID对应的NameLstCSGDownLevelID.Add(new ComboBoxDataModel() { Value = iDlID.ID.ToString(), Text = iDlID.Name }); } }/// <summary>/// 获取列表中所有降档ID和对应的Name/// </summary>private void GetAllCMBItems() { LstCSGDownLevelID.Clear();foreach (var iDlID in CsGroupsAll) { LstCSGDownLevelID.Add(new ComboBoxDataModel() { Value = iDlID.ID.ToString(), Text = iDlID.Name }); } }private void ChangeCMBValue(CusGroup cgMinPrestore) { LstCSGDownLevelID.Clear(); List<CusGroup> lstTextChange = new List<CusGroup>(); lstTextChange = CGS.Get(s => s.MinPrestore < cgMinPrestore.MinPrestore);foreach (var iDlID in lstTextChange) { LstCSGDownLevelID.Add(new ComboBoxDataModel() { Value = iDlID.ID.ToString(), Text = iDlID.Name }); } }public void SizeChangedCommand(object obj, SizeChangedEventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("日了狗"); }#endregion}}
View中代码：
<client:BaseWindow x:Class="HeYin.ERP.Client.Views.Customer.CusGroupEditWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:Interaction="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactions" xmlns:Interactivity="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity" xmlns:CommonValidation="clr-namespace:HeYin.ERP.Common.Validation;assembly=HeYin.ERP.Common" xmlns:client="clr-namespace:HeYin.ERP.Client" mc:Ignorable="d" x:Name="CusGroupWindow" Title="客户分组" Height="500" Width="800" WindowStartupLocation="CenterOwner" Loaded="Window_Loaded" MaxboxEnable="True" MinboxEnable="False" > <Interactivity:Interaction.Triggers> <Interactivity:EventTrigger EventName="SizeChanged"> <Interaction:CallMethodAction TargetObject="{Binding}" MethodName="SizeChangedCommand"/> </Interactivity:EventTrigger> </Interactivity:Interaction.Triggers> <Grid> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="*" /> <RowDefinition Height="50" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid Grid.Row="0"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="1*"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="2*"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <!-- Left --> <Grid Margin="5,0,5,5"> <GroupBox Name="gbGroupData"> <GroupBox.HeaderTemplate> <DataTemplate> <WrapPanel Margin="{StaticResource WrapPanelMarginForInfo}"> <TextBlock Text="客户分组" Height="20" /> <Button Width="20" Height="20" Margin="50,0,0,0" Command="{Binding DataContext.BtnChangedCommand,RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor,AncestorType=GroupBox}}" CommandParameter="btnCusGroupAdd" Visibility="{Binding SaveVisibility,Mode=TwoWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"> <Image Source="..\..\Resources\Images\16\Add.png" /> </Button> <Button Width="20" Height="20" Margin="10,0,0,0" Command="{Binding DataContext.BtnChangedCommand,RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor,AncestorType=GroupBox}}" CommandParameter="btnCusGroupDelete" Visibility="{Binding SaveVisibility,Mode=TwoWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"> <Image Source="..\..\Resources\Images\16\Clear.png" /> </Button> </WrapPanel> </DataTemplate> </GroupBox.HeaderTemplate> <Grid> <Grid Grid.Row="1"> <DataGrid ColumnWidth="*" SelectedItem="{Binding CurrentSelectItem}" ItemsSource="{Binding CsGroupsAll}" AutoGenerateColumns="False" IsReadOnly="True" > <DataGrid.Columns> <DataGridTextColumn Header="分组编号" Binding="{Binding Code}" /> <DataGridTextColumn Header="分组名称" Binding="{Binding Name}" /> </DataGrid.Columns> </DataGrid> </Grid> </Grid> </GroupBox> </Grid> <!-- Right --> <Grid Grid.Column="1" Margin="5"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="*"/> <RowDefinition Height="100"/> <RowDefinition Height="130"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <!-- 基础信息 --> <Grid> <GroupBox> <GroupBox.Header> <TextBlock Text="基础信息" Height="20"/> </GroupBox.Header> <StackPanel> <Grid Margin="0,10"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <TextBox Visibility="Collapsed" x:Name="tbErrorCount" Text="{Binding ErrorCount, Mode=TwoWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"></TextBox> <WrapPanel Margin="{StaticResource WrapPanelMarginForInfo}"> <TextBlock Width="60" Margin="{StaticResource TextBlockMarginForMostLeft}"><Run Text="分组编号" /></TextBlock> <TextBox Name="txtCusGropCrod" MaxWidth="150" Width="100" ToolTip="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource self},Path=(Validation.Errors).CurrentItem.ErrorContent}" Validation.Error="Validation_Error"> <TextBox.Text> <Binding Path="CsGroup.Code" Mode="TwoWay" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged" ValidatesOnDataErrors="True" NotifyOnValidationError="True"> <Binding.ValidationRules> <ExceptionValidationRule></ExceptionValidationRule> <CommonValidation:RequiredValidationRule MaxLenth="15" ErrorMessage="分组编号" IsRequired="True" ValidatesOnTargetUpdated="True" /> </Binding.ValidationRules> </Binding> </TextBox.Text> </TextBox> </WrapPanel> <WrapPanel Margin="{StaticResource WrapPanelMarginForInfo}" Grid.Column="1"> <TextBlock Text="分组名称" Width="60" Margin="{StaticResource TextBlockMarginForMostLeft}"/> <TextBox Name="txtCusGropName" MaxWidth="150" Width="100" ToolTip="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource self},Path=(Validation.Errors).CurrentItem.ErrorContent}" Validation.Error="Validation_Error"> <TextBox.Text> <Binding Path="CsGroup.Name" Mode="TwoWay" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged" ValidatesOnDataErrors="True" NotifyOnValidationError="True"> <Binding.ValidationRules> <ExceptionValidationRule></ExceptionValidationRule> <CommonValidation:RequiredValidationRule MaxLenth="15" ErrorMessage="分组名称" IsRequired="True" ValidatesOnTargetUpdated="True" /> </Binding.ValidationRules> </Binding> </TextBox.Text> </TextBox> </WrapPanel> </Grid> <Grid> <WrapPanel Margin="{StaticResource WrapPanelMarginForInfo}"> <TextBlock Margin="{StaticResource TextBlockMarginForMostLeft}" Width="60" VerticalAlignment="Center"><Run Text="分组描述" /></TextBlock> <TextBox x:Name="tbRemark" TextWrapping="Wrap" AcceptsReturn="True" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Visible" Width="400" Height="90" ToolTip="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource self},Path=(Validation.Errors).CurrentItem.ErrorContent}" Validation.Error="Validation_Error"> <TextBox.Text> <Binding Path="CsGroup.Description" Mode="TwoWay" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged" ValidatesOnDataErrors="True" NotifyOnValidationError="True"> <Binding.ValidationRules> <ExceptionValidationRule></ExceptionValidationRule> <CommonValidation:RequiredValidationRule MaxLenth="300" ErrorMessage="分组描述" ValidatesOnTargetUpdated="True" /> </Binding.ValidationRules> </Binding> </TextBox.Text> </TextBox> </WrapPanel> </Grid> </StackPanel> </GroupBox> </Grid> <!-- 消费相关 --> <Grid Grid.Row="1" Margin="0,10,0,10"> <Grid> <GroupBox> <GroupBox.Header> <TextBlock Text="消费相关"/> </GroupBox.Header> <Grid Margin="0,10"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <WrapPanel Margin="{StaticResource WrapPanelMarginForInfo}"> <TextBlock Text="消费积分" Width="60" Height="20" Margin="{StaticResource TextBlockMarginForMostLeft}" /> <TextBox Name="txtCusGropJF" MaxWidth="150" Width="100" Text="{Binding CsGroup.PointConversion, Mode=TwoWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" /> </WrapPanel> <WrapPanel Grid.Column="1" Margin="{StaticResource WrapPanelMarginForInfo}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center"> <CheckBox Name="cbCash" Margin="0,0,5,0" IsChecked="{Binding CsGroup.IsCash}"/> <TextBlock Text="开通预存或储值时禁止现金交易" /> </WrapPanel> </Grid> </GroupBox> </Grid> </Grid> <!-- 预存相关 --> <Grid Grid.Row="2"> <GroupBox> <GroupBox.Header> <TextBlock Text="预存相关"/> </GroupBox.Header> <StackPanel> <Grid Margin="0,10"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <WrapPanel Margin="{StaticResource WrapPanelMarginForInfo}"> <TextBlock Width="80" Margin="{StaticResource TextBlockMarginForMostLeft}" ><Run Text="预存最低充值"/></TextBlock> <TextBox MaxWidth="150" Width="100" Text="{Binding CsGroup.MinPrestore, Mode=TwoWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" /> </WrapPanel> <WrapPanel Grid.Column="1" Margin="{StaticResource WrapPanelMarginForInfo}"> <TextBlock Width="80" Text="金额低缺报警" Margin="{StaticResource TextBlockMarginForMostLeft}" /> <TextBox MaxWidth="550" Width="100" Text="{Binding CsGroup.Alarm,Mode=TwoWay}" /> </WrapPanel> </Grid> <Grid Margin="0,5"> <WrapPanel Margin="{StaticResource WrapPanelMarginForInfo}"> <TextBlock Width="190" Text="预存金额未达到最低要求时降档至" Margin="{StaticResource TextBlockMarginForMostLeft}"/> <ComboBox MaxWidth="150" Width="100" SelectedValue="{Binding StrCMBselectValue, Mode=TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" DisplayMemberPath="Text" SelectedValuePath="Value" ItemsSource="{Binding LstCSGDownLevelID, Mode=TwoWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" /> </WrapPanel> </Grid> </StackPanel> </GroupBox> </Grid> </Grid> </Grid> <!-- bottom --> <Grid Grid.Row="2"> <WrapPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="{StaticResource WrapPanelMarginForInfo}"> <Button Margin="1" Command="{Binding BtnChangedCommand}" CommandParameter="btnCusGroupSave" Background="#fc8530" Style="{StaticResource SaveButtonStyle}" Visibility="{Binding SaveVisibility,Mode=TwoWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" > <TextBlock Text="保存" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="16"></TextBlock> </Button> </WrapPanel> </Grid> </Grid></client:BaseWindow>
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