kubernetes高可用集群安装（二进制安装、v1.20.2版）
16lz
2021-01-22
1. 前言
之前文章安装 kubernetes 集群，都是使用 kubeadm 安装，然鹅很多公司也采用二进制方式搭建集群。这篇文章主要讲解，如何采用二进制包来搭建完整的高可用集群。相比使用 kubeadm 搭建，二进制搭建要繁琐很多，需要自己配置签名证书，每个组件都需要一步步配置安装。
本文以2021年1月14日官方更新的最新版 v1.20.2 来介绍。
2. 环境准备
2.1 机器规划
| IP地址 | 机器名称 | 机器配置 | 操作系统 | 机器角色 | 安装软件 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 172.10.1.11 | master1 | 2C4G | CentOS7.6 | master | kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd |
| 172.10.1.12 | msater2 | 2C4G | CentOS7.6 | master | kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd |
| 172.10.1.13 | master3 | 2C4G | CentOS7.6 | master | kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd |
| 172.10.1.14 | node1 | 2C4G | CentOS7.6 | worker | kubelet、kube-proxy |
| 172.10.1.15 | node2 | 2C4G | CentOS7.6 | worker | kubelet、kube-proxy |
| 172.10.1.16 | node2 | 2C4G | CentOS7.6 | worker | kubelet、kube-proxy |
| 172.10.0.20 | / | / | / | 负载均衡VIP | / |
注：此处VIP是采用的云厂商的SLB，你也可以使用haproxy + keepalived的方式实现。
2.2 软件版本
| 软件 | 版本 |
|---|---|
| kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy | v1.20.2 |
| kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy | v1.20.2 |
| etcd | v3.4.13 |
| calico | v3.14 |
| coredns | 1.7.0 |
3. 搭建集群
3.1 机器基本配置
以下配置在6台机器上面操作
3.1.1 修改主机名
修改主机名称：master1、master2、master3、node1、node2、node3
3.1.2 配置hosts文件
修改机器的/etc/hosts文件
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF172.10.1.11 master1172.10.1.12 master2172.10.1.13 master3172.10.1.14 node1172.10.1.15 node2172.10.1.16 node3EOF
3.1.3 关闭防火墙和selinux
systemctl stop firewalldsetenforce 0sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.\*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
3.1.4 关闭交换分区
swapoff -a永久关闭，修改/etc/fstab,注释掉swap一行
3.1.5 时间同步
yum install -y chronysystemctl start chronydsystemctl enable chronydchronyc sources
3.1.6 修改内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOFnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 1net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1EOFsysctl --system
3.1.7 加载ipvs模块
modprobe -- ip_vsmodprobe -- ip_vs_rrmodprobe -- ip_vs_wrrmodprobe -- ip_vs_shmodprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4lsmod | grep ip_vslsmod | grep nf_conntrack_ipv4yum install -y ipvsadm
3.2 配置工作目录
每台机器都需要配置证书文件、组件的配置文件、组件的服务启动文件，现专门选择 master1 来统一生成这些文件，然后再分发到其他机器。以下操作在 master1 上进行
[root@master1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/work注：该目录为配置文件和证书文件生成目录，后面的所有文件生成相关操作均在此目录下进行[root@master1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048将秘钥分发到另外五台机器，让 master1 可以免密码登录其他机器
3.3 搭建etcd集群
3.3.1 配置etcd工作目录
[root@master1 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/etcd # 配置文件存放目录[root@master1 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl # 证书文件存放目录
3.3.2 创建etcd证书
工具下载
[root@master1 work]# cd /data/work/[root@master1 work]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64[root@master1 work]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64[root@master1 work]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64工具配置
[root@master1 work]# chmod +x cfssl*[root@master1 work]# mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl[root@master1 work]# mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson[root@master1 work]# mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo配置ca请求文件
[root@master1 work]# vim ca-csr.json { "CN": "kubernetes", "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "ST": "Hubei", "L": "Wuhan", "O": "k8s", "OU": "system" } ], "ca": { "expiry": "87600h" }}注：
CN：Common Name，kube-apiserver 从证书中提取该字段作为请求的用户名 (User Name)；浏览器使用该字段验证网站是否合法；
O：Organization，kube-apiserver 从证书中提取该字段作为请求用户所属的组 (Group)
创建ca证书
[root@master1 work]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca配置ca证书策略
[root@master1 work]# vim ca-config.json{ "signing": { "default": { "expiry": "87600h" }, "profiles": { "kubernetes": { "usages": [ "signing", "key encipherment", "server auth", "client auth" ], "expiry": "87600h" } } }}配置etcd请求csr文件
[root@master1 work]# vim etcd-csr.json{ "CN": "etcd", "hosts": [ "127.0.0.1", "172.10.1.11", "172.10.1.12", "172.10.1.13" ], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [{ "C": "CN", "ST": "Hubei", "L": "Wuhan", "O": "k8s", "OU": "system" }]}生成证书
[root@master1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd[root@master1 work]# ls etcd*.pemetcd-key.pem etcd.pem
3.3.3 部署etcd集群
下载etcd软件包
[root@master1 work]# wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.13/etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz[root@master1 work]# tar -xf etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz [root@master1 work]# cp -p etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd* master2:/usr/local/bin/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd* master3:/usr/local/bin/创建配置文件
[root@master1 work]# vim etcd.conf#[Member]ETCD_NAME="etcd1"ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.10.1.11:2380"ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.10.1.11:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"#[Clustering]ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.10.1.11:2380"ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.10.1.11:2379"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://172.10.1.11:2380,etcd2=https://172.10.1.12:2380,etcd3=https://172.10.1.13:2380"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"注：
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群
创建启动服务文件
方式一：
有配置文件的启动
[root@master1 work]# vim etcd.service[Unit]Description=Etcd ServerAfter=network.targetAfter=network-online.targetWants=network-online.target[Service]Type=notifyEnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.confWorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \ --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \ --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \ --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \ --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \ --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --peer-client-cert-auth \ --client-cert-authRestart=on-failureRestartSec=5LimitNOFILE=65536[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target
方式二：
无配置文件的启动方式
[root@master1 work]# vim etcd.service[Unit]Description=Etcd ServerAfter=network.targetAfter=network-online.targetWants=network-online.target[Service]Type=notifyWorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \ --name=etcd1 \ --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd \ --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \ --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \ --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \ --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \ --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --peer-client-cert-auth \ --client-cert-auth \ --listen-peer-urls=https://172.10.1.11:2380 \ --listen-client-urls=https://172.10.1.11:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \ --advertise-client-urls=https://172.10.1.11:2379 \ --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://172.10.1.11:2380 \ --initial-cluster=etcd1=https://172.10.1.11:2380,etcd2=https://172.10.1.12:2380,etcd3=https://172.10.1.13:2380 \ --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster \ --initial-cluster-state=newRestart=on-failureRestartSec=5LimitNOFILE=65536[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target注：本文采用第一种方式
同步相关文件到各个节点
[root@master1 work]# cp ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/[root@master1 work]# cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/[root@master1 work]# cp etcd.conf /etc/etcd/[root@master1 work]# cp etcd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/[root@master1 work]# for i in master2 master3;do rsync -vaz etcd.conf $i:/etc/etcd/;done[root@master1 work]# for i in master2 master3;do rsync -vaz etcd*.pem ca*.pem $i:/etc/etcd/ssl/;done[root@master1 work]# for i in master2 master3;do rsync -vaz etcd.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done注：master2和master3分别修改配置文件中etcd名字和ip，并创建目录 /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
启动etcd集群
[root@master1 work]# mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd[root@master1 work]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@master1 work]# systemctl enable etcd.service[root@master1 work]# systemctl start etcd.service[root@master1 work]# systemctl status etcd注：第一次启动可能会卡一段时间，因为节点会等待其他节点启动
查看集群状态
[root@master1 work]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://172.10.1.11:2379,https://172.10.1.12:2379,https://172.10.1.13:2379 endpoint health3.4 kubernetes组件部署
3.4.1 下载安装包
[root@master1 work]# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.20.1/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz[root@master1 work]# tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar [root@master1 work]# cd kubernetes/server/bin/[root@master1 bin]# cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/[root@master1 bin]# rsync -vaz kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl master2:/usr/local/bin/[root@master1 bin]# rsync -vaz kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl master3:/usr/local/bin/[root@master1 bin]# for i in node1 node2 node3;do rsync -vaz kubelet kube-proxy $i:/usr/local/bin/;done[root@master1 bin]# cd /data/work/3.4.2 创建工作目录
[root@master1 work]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ # kubernetes组件配置文件存放目录[root@master1 work]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl # kubernetes组件证书文件存放目录[root@master1 work]# mkdir /var/log/kubernetes # kubernetes组件日志文件存放目录3.4.3 部署api-server
创建csr请求文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-apiserver-csr.json{ "CN": "kubernetes", "hosts": [ "127.0.0.1", "172.10.1.11", "172.10.1.12", "172.10.1.13", "172.10.1.14", "172.10.1.15", "172.10.1.16", "172.10.0.20", "10.255.0.1", "kubernetes", "kubernetes.default", "kubernetes.default.svc", "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster", "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" ], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "ST": "Hubei", "L": "Wuhan", "O": "k8s", "OU": "system" } ]}注：
如果 hosts 字段不为空则需要指定授权使用该证书的 IP 或域名列表。
由于该证书后续被 kubernetes master 集群使用，需要将master节点的IP都填上，同时还需要填写 service 网络的首个IP。(一般是 kube-apiserver 指定的 service-cluster-ip-range 网段的第一个IP，如 10.254.0.1)
生成证书和token文件
[root@master1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver[root@master1 work]# cat > token.csv << EOF$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"EOF创建配置文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-apiserver.confKUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \ --anonymous-auth=false \ --bind-address=172.10.1.11 \ --secure-port=6443 \ --advertise-address=172.10.1.11 \ --insecure-port=0 \ --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \ --runtime-config=api/all=true \ --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \ --service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.0.0/16 \ --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \ --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \ --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \ --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \ --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \ --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \ --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ # 1.20以上版本必须有此参数 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \ # 1.20以上版本必须有此参数 --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \ --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \ --etcd-servers=https://172.10.1.11:2379,https://172.10.1.12:2379,https://172.10.1.13:2379 \ --enable-swagger-ui=true \ --allow-privileged=true \ --apiserver-count=3 \ --audit-log-maxage=30 \ --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \ --audit-log-maxsize=100 \ --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \ --event-ttl=1h \ --alsologtostderr=true \ --logtostderr=false \ --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \ --v=4"注：
--logtostderr：启用日志
--v：日志等级
--log-dir：日志目录
--etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
--bind-address：监听地址
--secure-port：https安全端口
--advertise-address：集群通告地址
--allow-privileged：启用授权
--service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
--enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
--authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
--token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
--service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
--kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
--tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
--etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
--audit-log-xxx：审计日志
创建服务启动文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-apiserver.service[Unit]Description=Kubernetes API ServerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetesAfter=etcd.serviceWants=etcd.service[Service]EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.confExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTSRestart=on-failureRestartSec=5Type=notifyLimitNOFILE=65536[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target同步相关文件到各个节点
[root@master1 work]# cp ca*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# cp kube-apiserver*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# cp kube-apiserver.conf /etc/kubernetes/ [root@master1 work]# cp kube-apiserver.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz token.csv master2:/etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz token.csv master3:/etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-apiserver*.pem master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ # 主要rsync同步文件，只能创建最后一级目录，如果ssl目录不存在会自动创建，但是上一级目录kubernetes必须存在[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-apiserver*.pem master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz ca*.pem master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz ca*.pem master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-apiserver.conf master2:/etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-apiserver.conf master3:/etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-apiserver.service master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-apiserver.service master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/注：master2和master3配置文件的IP地址修改为实际的本机IP
启动服务
[root@master1 work]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@master1 work]# systemctl enable kube-apiserver[root@master1 work]# systemctl start kube-apiserver[root@master1 work]# systemctl status kube-apiserver测试[root@master1 work]# curl --insecure https://172.10.1.11:6443/有返回说明启动正常3.4.4 部署kubectl
创建csr请求文件
[root@master1 work]# vim admin-csr.json{ "CN": "admin", "hosts": [], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "ST": "Hubei", "L": "Wuhan", "O": "system:masters", "OU": "system" } ]}说明：
后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权；
kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings，如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有 API的权限；
O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters，kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时 ，由于证书被 CA 签名，所以认证通过，同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的 system:masters，所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限；
注：
这个admin 证书，是将来生成管理员用的kube config 配置文件用的，现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对kubernetes 进行角色权限控制， kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段 作为User， O 字段作为 Group；
"O": "system:masters", 必须是system:masters，否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。
生成证书
[root@master1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin[root@master1 work]# cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/创建kubeconfig配置文件
kubeconfig 为 kubectl 的配置文件，包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息，如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书
设置集群参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://172.10.0.20:6443 --kubeconfig=kube.config设置客户端认证参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config设置上下文参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config设置默认上下文[root@master1 work]# kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config[root@master1 work]# mkdir ~/.kube[root@master1 work]# cp kube.config ~/.kube/config授权kubernetes证书访问kubelet api权限[root@master1 work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes查看集群组件状态
上面步骤完成后，kubectl就可以与kube-apiserver通信了
[root@master1 work]# kubectl cluster-info[root@master1 work]# kubectl get componentstatuses[root@master1 work]# kubectl get all --all-namespaces同步kubectl配置文件到其他节点
[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz /root/.kube/config master2:/root/.kube/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz /root/.kube/config master3:/root/.kube/配置kubectl子命令补全
[root@master1 work]# yum install -y bash-completion[root@master1 work]# source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion[root@master1 work]# source <(kubectl completion bash)[root@master1 work]# kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc[root@master1 work]# source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc' [root@master1 work]# source $HOME/.bash_profile3.4.5 部署kube-controller-manager
创建csr请求文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-controller-manager-csr.json{ "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager", "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "hosts": [ "127.0.0.1", "172.10.1.11", "172.10.1.12", "172.10.1.13" ], "names": [ { "C": "CN", "ST": "Hubei", "L": "Wuhan", "O": "system:kube-controller-manager", "OU": "system" } ]}注：
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP；
CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限
生成证书
[root@master1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager[root@master1 work]# ls kube-controller-manager*.pem创建kube-controller-manager的kubeconfig
设置集群参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://172.10.0.20:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig设置客户端认证参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig设置上下文参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig设置默认上下文[root@master1 work]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig创建配置文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-controller-manager.confKUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--port=0 \ --secure-port=10252 \ --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \ --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \ --service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.0.0/16 \ --cluster-name=kubernetes \ --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ --allocate-node-cidrs=true \ --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/16 \ --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h \ --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ --leader-elect=true \ --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \ --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \ --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \ --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \ --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \ --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \ --use-service-account-credentials=true \ --alsologtostderr=true \ --logtostderr=false \ --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \ --v=2"创建启动文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-controller-manager.service[Unit]Description=Kubernetes Controller ManagerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.confExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTSRestart=on-failureRestartSec=5[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target同步相关文件到各个节点
[root@master1 work]# cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-controller-manager*.pem master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-controller-manager*.pem master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf master2:/etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf master3:/etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-controller-manager.service master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-controller-manager.service master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/启动服务
[root@master1 work]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@master1 work]# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager[root@master1 work]# systemctl start kube-controller-manager[root@master1 work]# systemctl status kube-controller-manager3.4.6 部署kube-scheduler
创建csr请求文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-scheduler-csr.json{ "CN": "system:kube-scheduler", "hosts": [ "127.0.0.1", "172.10.1.11", "172.10.1.12", "172.10.1.13" ], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "ST": "Hubei", "L": "Wuhan", "O": "system:kube-scheduler", "OU": "system" } ]}注：
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP；
CN 为 system:kube-scheduler、O 为 system:kube-scheduler，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 将赋予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的权限。
生成证书
[root@master1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler[root@master1 work]# ls kube-scheduler*.pem创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig
设置集群参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://172.10.0.20:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig设置客户端认证参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig设置上下文参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig设置默认上下文[root@master1 work]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig创建配置文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-scheduler.confKUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--address=127.0.0.1 \--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \--leader-elect=true \--alsologtostderr=true \--logtostderr=false \--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \--v=2"创建服务启动文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-scheduler.service[Unit]Description=Kubernetes SchedulerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.confExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTSRestart=on-failureRestartSec=5[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target同步相关文件到各个节点
[root@master1 work]# cp kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# cp kube-scheduler.conf /etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# cp kube-scheduler.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-scheduler*.pem master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-scheduler*.pem master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf master2:/etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf master3:/etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-scheduler.service master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz kube-scheduler.service master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/启动服务
[root@master1 work]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@master1 work]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler[root@master1 work]# systemctl start kube-scheduler[root@master1 work]# systemctl status kube-scheduler3.4.7 部署docker
在三个work节点上安装
安装docker
[root@node1 ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo[root@node1 ~]# yum install -y docker-ce[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable docker[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start docker[root@node1 ~]# docker --version修改docker源和驱动
[root@node1 ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF{ "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "registry-mirrors": [ "https://1nj0zren.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://kfwkfulq.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://2lqq34jg.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://pee6w651.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn", "http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io", "https://registry.docker-cn.com" ]}EOF[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart docker[root@node1 ~]# docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"下载依赖镜像
[root@node1 ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2[root@node1 ~]# docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2[root@node1 ~]# docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2[root@node1 ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.7.0[root@node1 ~]# docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.7.0 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.7.0[root@node1 ~]# docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.7.03.4.8 部署kubelet
以下操作在master1上操作
创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
[root@master1 work]# BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)设置集群参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://172.10.0.20:6443 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig设置客户端认证参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig设置上下文参数[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig设置默认上下文[root@master1 work]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig创建角色绑定[root@master1 work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap创建配置文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kubelet.json{ "kind": "KubeletConfiguration", "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1", "authentication": { "x509": { "clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem" }, "webhook": { "enabled": true, "cacheTTL": "2m0s" }, "anonymous": { "enabled": false } }, "authorization": { "mode": "Webhook", "webhook": { "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s", "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s" } }, "address": "172.10.1.14", "port": 10250, "readOnlyPort": 10255, "cgroupDriver": "cgroupfs", # 如果docker的驱动为systemd，处修改为systemd。此处设置很重要，否则后面node节点无法加入到集群 "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge", "serializeImagePulls": false, "featureGates": { "RotateKubeletClientCertificate": true, "RotateKubeletServerCertificate": true }, "clusterDomain": "cluster.local.", "clusterDNS": ["10.255.0.2"]}创建启动文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kubelet.service[Unit]Description=Kubernetes KubeletDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetesAfter=docker.serviceRequires=docker.service[Service]WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubeletExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \ --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \ --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \ --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \ --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json \ --network-plugin=cni \ --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \ --alsologtostderr=true \ --logtostderr=false \ --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \ --v=2Restart=on-failureRestartSec=5[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target注：
–hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
–network-plugin：启用CNI
–kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
–bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
–config：配置参数文件
–cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
–pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像
同步相关文件到各个节点
[root@master1 work]# cp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# cp kubelet.json /etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# cp kubelet.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/以上步骤，如果master节点不安装kubelet，则不用执行[root@master1 work]# for i in node1 node2 node3;do rsync -vaz kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.json $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done[root@master1 work]# for i in node1 node2 node3;do rsync -vaz ca.pem $i:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/;done[root@master1 work]# for i in node1 node2 node3;do rsync -vaz kubelet.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done注：kubelete.json配置文件address改为各个节点的ip地址
启动服务
各个work节点上操作
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /var/lib/kubelet[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /var/log/kubernetes[root@node1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start kubelet[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status kubelet确认kubelet服务启动成功后，接着到master上Approve一下bootstrap请求。执行如下命令可以看到三个worker节点分别发送了三个 CSR 请求：
[root@master1 work]# kubectl get csr[root@master1 work]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-HlX3cExsZohWsu8Dd6Rp_ztFejmMdpzvti_qgxo4SAQ[root@master1 work]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-oykYfnH_coRF2PLJH4fOHlGznOZUBPDg5BPZXDo2wgk[root@master1 work]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-ytRB2fikhL6dykcekGg4BdD87o-zw9WPU44SZ1nFT50[root@master1 work]# kubectl get csr[root@master1 work]# kubectl get nodes3.4.9 部署kube-proxy
创建csr请求文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-proxy-csr.json{ "CN": "system:kube-proxy", "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "ST": "Hubei", "L": "Wuhan", "O": "k8s", "OU": "system" } ]}生成证书
[root@master1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy[root@master1 work]# ls kube-proxy*.pem创建kubeconfig文件
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://172.10.0.20:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig[root@master1 work]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig创建kube-proxy配置文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-proxy.yamlapiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1bindAddress: 172.10.1.14clientConnection: kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfigclusterCIDR: 192.168.0.0/16 # 此处网段必须与网络组件网段保持一致，否则部署网络组件时会报错healthzBindAddress: 172.10.1.14:10256kind: KubeProxyConfigurationmetricsBindAddress: 172.10.1.14:10249mode: "ipvs"创建服务启动文件
[root@master1 work]# vim kube-proxy.service[Unit]Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy ServerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetesAfter=network.target[Service]WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxyExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \ --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \ --alsologtostderr=true \ --logtostderr=false \ --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \ --v=2Restart=on-failureRestartSec=5LimitNOFILE=65536[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target同步文件到各个节点
[root@master1 work]# cp kube-proxy*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/[root@master1 work]# cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml /etc/kubernetes/[root@master1 work]# cp kube-proxy.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/master节点不安装kube-proxy，则以上步骤不用执行[root@master1 work]# for i in node1 node2 node3;do rsync -vaz kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done[root@master1 work]# for i in node1 node2 node3;do rsync -vaz kube-proxy.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done注：配置文件kube-proxy.yaml中address修改为各节点的实际IP
启动服务
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy[root@node1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable kube-proxy[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart kube-proxy[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status kube-proxy3.4.10 配置网络组件
[root@master1 work]# wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.14/manifests/calico.yaml[root@master1 work]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml 此时再来查看各个节点，均为Ready状态
[root@master1 work]# kubectl get pods -A[root@master1 work]# kubectl get nodes3.4.11 部署coredns
下载coredns yaml文件：https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coredns/deployment/master/kubernetes/coredns.yaml.sed
修改yaml文件:
kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
forward . /etc/resolv.conf
clusterIP为：10.255.0.2（kubelet配置文件中的clusterDNS）
[root@master1 work]# cat coredns.yaml apiVersion: v1kind: ServiceAccountmetadata: name: coredns namespace: kube-system---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1kind: ClusterRolemetadata: labels: kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults name: system:corednsrules:- apiGroups: - "" resources: - endpoints - services - pods - namespaces verbs: - list - watch---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1kind: ClusterRoleBindingmetadata: annotations: rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true" labels: kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults name: system:corednsroleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: system:corednssubjects:- kind: ServiceAccount name: coredns namespace: kube-system---apiVersion: v1kind: ConfigMapmetadata: name: coredns namespace: kube-systemdata: Corefile: | .:53 { errors health { lameduck 5s } ready kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa { fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa } prometheus :9153 forward . /etc/resolv.conf { max_concurrent 1000 } cache 30 loop reload loadbalance }---apiVersion: apps/v1kind: Deploymentmetadata: name: coredns namespace: kube-system labels: k8s-app: kube-dns kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"spec: # replicas: not specified here: # 1. Default is 1. # 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on. strategy: type: RollingUpdate rollingUpdate: maxUnavailable: 1 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: kube-dns template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: kube-dns spec: priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical serviceAccountName: coredns tolerations: - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly" operator: "Exists" nodeSelector: kubernetes.io/os: linux affinity: podAntiAffinity: preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: - weight: 100 podAffinityTerm: labelSelector: matchExpressions: - key: k8s-app operator: In values: ["kube-dns"] topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname containers: - name: coredns image: coredns/coredns:1.8.0 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent resources: limits: memory: 170Mi requests: cpu: 100m memory: 70Mi args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ] volumeMounts: - name: config-volume mountPath: /etc/coredns readOnly: true ports: - containerPort: 53 name: dns protocol: UDP - containerPort: 53 name: dns-tcp protocol: TCP - containerPort: 9153 name: metrics protocol: TCP securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false capabilities: add: - NET_BIND_SERVICE drop: - all readOnlyRootFilesystem: true livenessProbe: httpGet: path: /health port: 8080 scheme: HTTP initialDelaySeconds: 60 timeoutSeconds: 5 successThreshold: 1 failureThreshold: 5 readinessProbe: httpGet: path: /ready port: 8181 scheme: HTTP dnsPolicy: Default volumes: - name: config-volume configMap: name: coredns items: - key: Corefile path: Corefile---apiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata: name: kube-dns namespace: kube-system annotations: prometheus.io/port: "9153" prometheus.io/scrape: "true" labels: k8s-app: kube-dns kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true" kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"spec: selector: k8s-app: kube-dns clusterIP: 10.255.0.2 ports: - name: dns port: 53 protocol: UDP - name: dns-tcp port: 53 protocol: TCP - name: metrics port: 9153 protocol: TCP[root@master1 work]# kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml 3.5 验证
3.5.1 部署nginx
[root@master1 ~]# vim nginx.yaml ---apiVersion: v1kind: ReplicationControllermetadata: name: nginx-controllerspec: replicas: 2 selector: name: nginx template: metadata: labels: name: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.19.6 ports: - containerPort: 80---apiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata: name: nginx-service-nodeportspec: ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 80 nodePort: 30001 protocol: TCP type: NodePort selector: name: nginx[root@master1 ~]# kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml[root@master1 ~]# kubectl get svc[root@master1 ~]# kubectl get pods3.5.2 验证
ping验证nginx service
访问nginx
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