IP及基本配置

一、IP分类

A类：
0 0000000 - 0 1111111.X.Y.Z : 0-127.X.Y.Z
网络ID位是最高8位,主机ID是24位低位
网络数：126=2^7(可变是的网络ID位数)-2
每个网络中的主机数：2^24-2=16777214
默认子网掩码：255.0.0.0
私网地址：10.0.0.0
范例:114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8,1.1.1.1，58.87.87.99，119.29.29.29
B类：
10 000000 - 10 111111.X.Y.Z：128-191.X.Y.Z
网络ID位是最高16位,主机ID是16位低位
网络数：2^14=16384
每个网络中的主机数：2^16-2=65534
默认子网掩码：255.255.0.0
私网地址：172.16.0.0-172.31.0.0
范例:180.76.76.76，172.16.0.1
C类：
110 0 0000 - 110 1 1111.X.Y.Z: 192-223.X.Y.Z
网络ID位是最高24位,主机ID是8位低位
网络数：2^21=2097152
每个网络中的主机数：2^8-2=254
默认子网掩码：255.255.255.0
私网地址：192.168.0.0-192.168.255.0
范例: 223.6.6.6
D类：组（多）播，1110 0000 - 1110 1111.X.Y.Z: 224-239.X.Y.Z
E类：保留未使用，240-255

二、IP配置方法

Linux系统的IP配置有即时生效、永久生效两种。

即时生效IP配置命令：

# ip ad show  1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 ::1/128 scope host       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000    link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 172.20.200.131/24 brd 172.20.200.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0       valid_lft 1490sec preferred_lft 1490sec    inet6 fe80::cbe4:339a:75e4:b9ed/64 scope link noprefixroute       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@localhost ~]## ip ad add 172.20.200.132/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0  #用IP命令给eth0配置新的IP[root@localhost ~]# ip add show1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 ::1/128 scope host       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000    link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 172.20.200.131/24 brd 172.20.200.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0       valid_lft 1342sec preferred_lft 1342sec    inet 172.20.200.132/24 scope global secondary eth0:0       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 fe80::cbe4:339a:75e4:b9ed/64 scope link noprefixroute       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@localhost ~]## ifconfig  eth0:1 172.20.200.133/24  #用ifcofnig命令给eth0增加新IP# ifconfigeth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500        inet 172.20.200.131  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.20.200.255        inet6 fe80::cbe4:339a:75e4:b9ed  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>        ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 2125  bytes 193515 (188.9 KiB)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 1229  bytes 153701 (150.0 KiB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500        inet 172.20.200.172  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0        ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)eth0:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500        inet 172.20.200.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.20.200.255        ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)        RX packets 12  bytes 1008 (1008.0 B)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 12  bytes 1008 (1008.0 B)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

永久生效IP配置：

# cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/# lsifcfg-ens33.bak  ifdown-ippp    ifdown-sit       ifup-bnep  ifup-plusb   ifup-TeamPortifcfg-enth0      ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-Team      ifup-eth   ifup-post    ifup-tunnelifcfg-lo         ifdown-isdn    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ippp  ifup-ppp     ifup-wirelessifdown           ifdown-post    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ipv6  ifup-routes  init.ipv6-globalifdown-bnep      ifdown-ppp     ifup             ifup-isdn  ifup-sit     network-functionsifdown-eth       ifdown-routes  ifup-aliases     ifup-plip  ifup-Team    network-functions-ipv6# vim ifcfg-enth0    #eth0的配置文件  1 TYPE=Ethernet  2 PROXY_METHOD=none  3 BROWSER_ONLY=no  4 BOOTPROTO=static  5 IPADDR=172.20.200.131  6 NETMASK=255.255.255.0  7 DEFROUTE=yes  8 IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no  9 IPV6INIT=no 10 NAME=eth0 11 UUID=3ffc3752-25dc-4a92-ba6b-bce355e3b766 12 DEVICE=eth0 13 ONBOOT=yes

三、使用nmcli实现bonding

首先在虚拟机上新增加网卡eth1

# ip add show1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 ::1/128 scope host       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000    link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 172.20.200.131/24 brd 172.20.200.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee5:8686/64 scope link       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000    link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 172.20.200.132/24 brd 172.20.200.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth1       valid_lft 1728sec preferred_lft 1728sec    inet6 fe80::757d:f39a:9963:399f/64 scope link noprefixroute       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever# nmcli con add type bond con-name mybond0 ifname bond0 mode active-backup             #添加bonding接口Connection 'mybond0' (257887ad-da43-463b-becb-232979aaa560) successfully added.# nmcli con add type bond-slave ifname eth0 master bond0                               #向bond0中添加从属接口eth0Connection 'bond-slave-eth0' (aa8a138e-96bb-4726-90f9-b0201975be38) successfully added.# nmcli con add type bond-slave ifname eth1 master bond0                               #向bond0中添加从属接口eth1Connection 'bond-slave-eth1' (4d0568ea-c8e2-4ac0-b6eb-3269ddd76c99) successfully added.# nmcli con up bond-slave-eth0                #启动 bond-slave-eth0 Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con up bond-slave-eth1     #启动 bond-slave-eth1 Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)# nmcli con up mybond0                               #启动mybond0Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)# ip add show1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 ::1/128 scope host       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000    link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000    link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff4: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000    link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff# ls  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond-slave-eth0  ifcfg-mybond0  ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-sit       ifup-aliases  ifup-isdn   ifup-routes    ifup-wirelessifcfg-bond-slave-eth1  ifdown         ifdown-isdn    ifdown-Team      ifup-bnep     ifup-plip   ifup-sit       init.ipv6-globalifcfg-ens33.bak        ifdown-bnep    ifdown-post    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-eth      ifup-plusb  ifup-Team      network-functionsifcfg-enth0            ifdown-eth     ifdown-ppp     ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ippp     ifup-post   ifup-TeamPort  network-functions-ipv6ifcfg-lo               ifdown-ippp    ifdown-routes  ifup             ifup-ipv6     ifup-ppp    ifup-tunnel

IP及基本配置